LOKMAN HEKİM'S ADVICE TO HIS SON
Written by:
Osman ÖZTÜRK
Istanbul Central Preacher
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the
worlds. O Almighty God! I worship only you and ask for help only from
you. Peace and blessings be upon the Prophet, who was sent as a mercy to
the worlds. May it be upon Muhammad Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam and the
other Prophets, the Ahl al-Bayt, his companions and the righteous servants of
Allah.
In this treatise called "LOQMAN
DOCTOR'S ADVICE TO HIS SON", Hz. The true life of Lokman Hekîm, his
advice to his son, pleasant and wise words and cautionary stories are
included. Various information available in the pages of other works have
been collected in this book and their sources are also shown.
Hz. Just as Luqman Aleyhisselam was
one of those who had a long life, his advice and wisdom have continued to
maintain their vitality for centuries.
I believe that the book will appeal to everyone
who reads it. Our advice to lovers of science is this: Hz. May you
enjoy reading Lokman Hekim. May you know every piece of advice and
father's advice. May you benefit from his very pleasant and beautiful
advice: Food for the body, food and drink; The food of the soul is
knowledge and wisdom...
The main source of Islam is the Holy
Quran. Almighty Allah (cc) gave the thirty-first sura with thirty-four
verses to Hz. He allocated it to the person of Luqman Hekîm and in this
surah, he explained to his son the immortal advice he gave to humanity in his
person. There is no doubt that, with the permission of Allah, as long as
the Holy Quran continues, the wisdom of Lokman Hekîm will continue. Surah
Luqman is also a proof of the achievements of Luqman Aleyhisselam.
"It is better to cover up shame than
to look for shame." I hope that those who are aware of my mistakes
will forgive me with a warning. Mistakes and flaws are from us, trust and
guidance are from Allah Almighty.
26 Rajab 1412 Hijri
January 31, 1992 AD
Osman ÖZTÜRK
Ist. Center Preacher
A ) LOQMAN
ALEYHİSSELAM IN THE QURAN
According to the Holy Quran, belief in all
prophets constitutes the fourth pillar of faith in Islam, after belief in
Allah, His angels and His books/ 1 '
In the Quran, NEBI, which means prophet,
is mentioned in verse 161 and RESUL, verse 513./ 2 '
Prophethood is a gift from God Almighty,
and God Almighty has willed and chosen those among His servants who are worthy
of prophethood and prophethood/ 3 '
Prophets are God's greatest mercy to
humanity. Because only prophets are the ones who tell people the way to
believe in Almighty Allah in a way that they will accept.
Allah Almighty accepted belief in the
Prophet as belief in Himself; Anyone who does not believe in the prophets
does not believe in Allah either. In fact, not believing in just one of
the prophets is like denying all of them, which - God forbid - deprives people
of faith/ 4 ' It is the definitive ruling of the Quran to believe in all of the
prophets of God Almighty without distinguishing any of them/ 5 '
( 1) Baccarat:
2/285, Nisa: 4/136,
( 2) Mu'cemül
Müfehres, p. 314, 686,
( 3) Baqara: 2/151 k A'raf: 7/59, Isra:
17/55, Fatah: 48/28, Saf: 61/9,
( 4) Bakara: 177, Âl-i Imran: 31-33, Nisa: 80,
Ahzab: 66. Muhammad: 33, Fatih: 13,
( 5) Al-Baqara: 136, 285, Âl-i Imran: 84, Nisa:
152,
The first prophet Hz. Adam and the
last Messenger are Hz. Muhammad (peace be upon him). Many prophets
have come and gone between these two. In short, it is necessary (and there
are even those who say that it is obligatory) to believe in detail that all the
prophets were true and true, and also those whose names are stated in the Holy
Quran. to)
The prophets, whose holy names are
mentioned in the Holy Quran, are the people whose relatives are from few to
many:
Uzeyr (1), Zülkifl (2), Elyesa' (2), İlyas
(2), LOKMAN (2), Idris (2), Zülkarneyn (3), Muhammed SAV (4), Yunus (4), Eyyub
(4) ), Yahya (5), Zechariah (7), Hud (10), Shuayb (11), Ishmael (12), David
(16), Jacob (16), Solomon (17), Isaac (17), Haran (20), Jesus (25), Adam (25),
Joseph (27), Lot (27), Noah (43), Salih (44), Abraham (69) and Moses (136) are
the Prophets/ 6 ?
Although their names are clearly mentioned
in the Holy Quran, Uzeyr, LOKMAN and Dhul-Qarnayn Aleyhisselams are asked
"Are they a Nabi or a Wali?" Our subject is Hz. The
evidence that Luqman Aleyhisselam was from Anbiya has been summarized as
follows:
1 . Luqman
Aleyhisselam is one of the prophets whose name is mentioned and whose story is
told in the Holy Quran.
2 . The Thirty-first
Luqman Surah is dedicated to the name "LOQMAN".
3 . The fifth of the
seven ANBIYÂs, to whom a separate surah was allocated, is Luqman
Aleyhisselam.
(*) The late Sharih Aynî says: "It is
obligatory for every Muslim to know that our Prophet's name was Muhammad Ibn
Abdullah, that he was from the Quraysh tribe and descendants of Hashim, that he
was born in Mecca, became a prophet there, and then migrated to Medina."
(Sahîh-i Buhârî,
Tecıîd-i Sarîh Translation: 9/215)
( 6) M.
Fuad Abdülbâkî: Mu'cemül Müfehres, p. 1-775,
4 . In the LOQMAN
SURAH assigned to his name, the name "LOKMAN" is mentioned twice in
the 12th or 13th verses.
5 . One of the five
prophets whose blessed names are mentioned twice in the Quran is Luqman
Aleyhisselam.
6 . In the 2nd, 9th,
12th and 27th verses of the Luqman Surah, it is explained that Luqman
Aleyhisselam is the owner of "JUDGE (PHYSICIAN)" and
"WISDOM".
7 . The terms
"UNEBBIÜ" and "NÜNEBBİÜ", which appear in the 15th and 23rd
verses of Luqman Surah and derive from the same root as the word
"Nabi", also indicate that Luqman Aleyhisselam is a NEBI.
8 . Hz. Verses
2, 12, 20 and 28 of Surah Luqman are evidence that Luqman is a REAL. (The
explanations of these were made in the topic WHO IS LOKMAN HEKİM?)
9 . Luqman
Aleyhisselam gives advice to his son in the 13th, 16th and 17th verses of
Luqman Surah with the affectionate address "Ya Buneyye (O my child!)";
1 0. These beautiful
advices of his were appreciated by Allah Almighty and mentioned in the Holy
Quran.
1 1. Lokman
Aleyhisselam is one of the PERSERIOUS RESPECTS (who made great efforts to
convey and influence the Sharia and endured the difficulties and hostilities
that arose).
Because he said to his son and, in his
person, to all humanity: "It is unthinkable that he could command deeds
worthy of determination and not do them." (7)
1 2. The sequence number of
Surah Luqman, which is among the 114 surahs in the Holy Quran,
is (31).
( 7) Surah
Luqman: 31/17, Ahzâb 33/7, Ahkâf: 46/35, True Religion Quran Language: 6/4364,
It proves mathematically that the Prophet Muhammad is one of the
messengers:
Let's pay attention to the following surah
order numbers (11-21-31):
— 11. It is the
sequence number of Surah Hud,
— 21. It is the
number of rows of Surah ANBIYÂ,
— 31. It is the
number of rows of Surah Luqman;
The conclusion drawn from this is:
Whichever way the event is examined, the
same conclusion is reached:
Hz. Hûd is from Enbiyâ:
Hz. Luqman is also from the Prophets;
Hz. Luqman is from Enbiyâ:
Hz. Hud is also among the Prophets...
1 3. Just as
Surah Luqman serves as a bridge between the Surahs of Rûm and Sajdah, Loqman
Aleyhisselam is also among the (7) ANBIYA, to whose names a special surah has
been allocated. Abraham and Hz. Muhammad (PBUH) is a GREAT MESSENGER
who acts as a bridge between them/ 8 '
1 4. One of the
28 ANBIYÂ whose names are reported in the index of the Quran is Luqman
Aleyhisselam:
According to hadith sources, Hz. 19
following Solomon,
According to the History of the Prophets,
it was seen that Luqman Aleyhisselam was ranked 22nd/ 9 '
1 5. In the
Holy Quran, other than the Surah Luqman, other surahs and verses
mention Luqman Aleyhisselam.
( 8) The
words "bridge" and "kiibrâ" are written and read the same
in Quran letters.
( 9) Sahih-i
Bukhari, Tacrid-i Sarih Tercemesi: 9/163, 418
M. Asım Koksal: History of the Prophets,
1/11,
There is evidence that he is from Anbiya:
a ) Starting from the
74th verse of the An'am Surah to the 87th verse, 18 Anbiyā who were given
superior merits and attributes are mentioned. These:
— MÛKINÎN (A person of close faith):
Ibrahim Aleyhisselam, (6/74-81, 83) >
— MUHSÎNÂN (Those who do good: Isaac,
Jacob, Noah, David, Solomon, Ayyub, Yusuf, Moses and Aaron Aleyhisselam, (6/84)
— SÂLİHÎN (The Good Ones): Zekeriyya,
Yahya, Jesus and İlyas Aleyhisselams
— FADDALNA ALEL ÂLEMİN (Those who were
superior to the worlds in their time): İsmail, Elyesa', Yunus and Lot are the
Prophets. (6/86)
In the 82nd verse of the An'am Surah, in
addition to these 18 prophets whose names and attributes are listed above,
Luqman Aleyhisselam is added as the 19th Prophet. It was reported through the
hadiths of Bukhari, Muslim and Tirmidhi narrated by RA)? 1® _
In the process of understanding the Holy
Quran, Hz. There is a necessity to base it on the narration from the
Prophet (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam)/ 11 )
b ) Examining the
sura numbers of the SEVEN ANBIYÂs to whom surahs were allocated also indicates
that Luqman Aleyhisselam is from the Anbiyâ:
( 10) Bukhari, Faith 23; Prophet 8,
41; Tafsir, An'am 3; Lokman 1; Muslim, faith 197,
(124); Tirmidhi, Tafsir, An'am, (3029).
( 11) Prof. Dr. İbrahim Canan: Kütüb-i
Sitte, 3/218, Akçağ Yay. ANK. 1988.
If you pay attention here, the surah
numbers of the three Anbiyâ's from the beginning continue without skipping, as
(10-11-12) ... respectively. Occasionally, the 13th "SURAH RA'D"
is skipped. Then it is considered the 14th Surah of Ibrahim. Thus,
all our attention is drawn to the 13th sura:
In the 43rd verse of the 13th RA'D SURAH,
Almighty Allah informs us that:
- Those who disbelieve say, "You are
not someone sent as a Messenger."
In the original text of the verse:
"Leste murselen (You are not the
Messenger)" (Negative)
"Inneke lemurselun (You are the
Messenger of God)" (Positive)
The verse explained briefly is a part of
the Surah Ra'da...
Just as the ruling of the verse, which is
a part of the Surah Ra'd, can be translated into positive, it is indicated in
the verse in question that we can convert the whole of the sura, including its
numbers, from negative to positive (from negative to positive):
— 10
Negatively, the surah and verse numbers of
the Surah Ra'd are: 13 and 43,
The numbers converted to positive for both
of these are: 31 and 34.
Surah number 31 in the Holy Quran: Surah
Luqman;
The surah with 34 verses is also in the Quran:
Surah Luqman.
The conclusion drawn from this: THE TRUE
RESPECT, about whom the disbelievers make negative statements, saying "You
are not the True Messenger", is LOQMAN ALEYHİSSELAM *
c ) It is also
pointed out in the 47th verse of the Rum Surah that Luqman Aleyhisselam was one
of the messengers to whom the book was given:
"We have certainly sent messengers to
their people before you, and they brought clear evidence to them..."
(30/47)
The meaning of the verse is as follows:
The pronoun "we" refers to
"Allahu Taala". There is no doubt or hesitation about
this. Because it is only Allah Almighty who chooses and sends all the
prophets.*
The Prophet, who is also referred to by
the word "you", to whom the Quran was sent. Muhammad Sallallahu
Aleyhi Vesellem.
Although all prophets are included in the
sentence "We sent messengers before you", Luqman Aleyhisselam is also
included. Because:
(*) A second example of positive and negative:
While advising the son of Luqman Aleyhisselam:
— "My child! Enjoin goodness (goodness), (Positive) Nehy-i anil evil
(evil) forbidden..." (Negative) is his saying. (Luqman: 31/17)
11th
If one searches for the RESUL, to whom the
surah number (31) is allocated in the Quran, between the surah sequence number
(30) and verse number (47), he can be found; He is Lokman Aleyhisselam,
1 6. It is seen that
information about Luqman Aleyhisselam is also given in the Hadiths, which
constitute the second basic source of Islam after the Holy Quran. Our
beloved Prophet Hz. Muhammad (peace be upon him) gave valuable information
to his companions regarding the importance of Loqman Hekîm's appearance and
appearance, his hometown, his attire, the advice he gave to his son, his wisdom
and aphorisms. More than 60 Hadiths have been compiled by us.
In fact, this subject is given extensive
coverage in the Holy Quran and the word "Hadith" is mentioned in 18
surahs between Nisa (4/140) and Ghashiya (88/1) Surahs. The 6th of the
surahs in which the term "hadith" is used is the Surah Luqman
(Aleyhisselam). (31/6)
Since the words of Anbiya are called
"Hadith" and "Hadith" is mentioned in the Surah Luqman, it
is clearly understood that Luqman Aleyhisselam is also one of the RESPECTS.
1 7. Prophet
Muhammad, who is mentioned three times in the 83rd, 86th and 994th verses of
Al-Kahf Surah. The close relationship established between Dhul-Qarnayn and
Luqman Hakim due to the meanings of the verses is also evidence that both of
them are prophets:
The sublime meanings of the verses:
"Say: Even if the sea were ink for
the words of my Lord and We added the same amount, the sea would be exhausted
before the words of my Lord were finished." (Kahf: 16/109)
"If the trees on the earth were pens
and the sea were ink, and even if seven more seas were added to these,
- 12
The words of Allah are
inexhaustible by writing. There is no doubt that Allah is Almighty and
Wise." (Luqman: 31127)
The meaning in both verses is the same:
Allah's knowledge and wisdom are infinite and unlimited; It is reported
that the seas, despite their abundance, are finite and limited.
The difference between them is "one
fold" in the story when talking about Zulkernayn, and "seb'at-ü
ebhur" ( seven seas or seven times) in Lokman Hekîm.
Jews or polytheists Hz. Because they
asked Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) about Dhul-Qarnayn, the Messenger
of Allah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) announced that he would recite a
remembrance from him to his ummah, and with 27 verses of ignorance, which are
located between the 83rd and 20th verses of this surah, about Dhul-Qarnayn.
Quite extensive information has been given regarding / 12 '
Although there are many and contradictory
narrations about Zulkarneyn's name, lineage and whether he is a prophet or not:
Just as there are those who say, "He
was both a Nabi and a Messenger" 03 ' ,
"No! He was a Nabi who was not a
Messenger.
There are also those who say, "The
fact that he is a Prophet who is not a Messenger is Sahih, God
willing!"/ 14 '
In our opinion, the 106th verse of the
Cave Surah, where the story of Dhul-Qarnayn is told, confirms those who say:
"Dhul-Qarnayn was both a Nabi and a Messenger":
"Their punishment is hell because
they disbelieved and mocked My verses and my messengers." (18/106)
( 12) The Holy
Quran and its Turkish Annotated Translation, p. 301,
( 13) M. Asım
Koksal: History of the Prophets, 2/285,
( 14) Sâlebî:
Arais, s. 361,
13 —
The term "RUSÜLÎ" appears in the
original text of the verse. The word "RUSUL" is the plural of
"RESUL" and means "RESELS". The meaning of
"RUSULÛ" is "MY MESSENGERS". The one who said this word is
Almighty Allah. And since this verse is mentioned in the subject of
"ZULQARNEYN" It is seen that it includes all the prophets, especially
Zulkamein Aleyhisselam.
How thought-provoking it is that Uzeyr,
Luqman and Dhul-Qarnayn are not mentioned at all in the work titled
"PROPHETS AND OUR PROPHET IN THE QURAN"! 11 ®
However, God Almighty gave information
about Dhul-Qarnayn in 27 verses in the Surah al-Kahf in the Quran; He
assigned the Surah Luqman, which has 34 verses, to the person of Luqman.
1 8. Each of the
34 verses and 548 words explained in the tafsir books in the Surah Luqman
indicate that Luqman Aleyhisselam is a prophet/ 1 ®
Examples that contradict the verse were
given above. Among the words, we give the terms "Muhsinîn (Muhsin),
Hamîd, kardel, sakrat, sabbar, şekûr and edrî (tedrî-tedry):
a ) CONSIDERATIONS:
The word "Muhsinîn" is mentioned
in the third verse of Luqman Surah. In the Quran, the word
"Muhsinîn" is mentioned once in 33 verses, and "muhsinûn"
is mentioned once in the 128th verse of the An-Nahl Surah, and the sum of both
makes 34.
Among the sura names in which the term
"Muhsinîn" is used, those belonging to Anbiyâ are: Hud, Yusuf and
LOQMAN.
( 15) Afif Abdullah Tabbara: Prophets and Our
Prophet in the Quran, Translators: Ali Rıza Temel-Yahya Alkm, Yaylacık Printing
House, Istanbul 1982.
( 16) Majmu'atu t Tafâsîr: 5/55, Hak Dini Qur'an Dili: 6/3836.
— 14
(Peace be upon him). "Muhsinîn" is plural; The singular
is "MUHSIN".
MUHSIN:
"Muhsin" is mentioned in four
verses in the Quran in the Surahs Baqara (2/112), An-Nisa (4/125), Luqman
(31/22) and As-Saffat (37/113). Among these four surahs, the only surah
with the name Anbiya is the Surah Luqman (Peace be upon Him).
In the 84th verse of An'am Surah, Almighty
Allah says about these nine Prophets, counting Isaac, Jacob, Noah, David,
Solomon, Ayyub, Yusuf, Moses and Aaron, "And likewise neczil muhsinin
(Thus do we who do good) We will reward you)" he said.
The 3rd and 22nd verses of Luqman Surah
testify that Luqman Hekîm was one of the "Muhsinîn" and
"Muhsins".
b ) RAW î D:
The word "Hamîd" is mentioned in
13 surahs (16 verses) in the Quran.
Among the names of the surahs in which
"Hamid" is mentioned, the ones named Enbiyâ are: Hud, Ibrahim and
LOKMAN Aleyhisselamlar. (17)
The mention of "Hamîd" twice in
the Ibrahim, Hajj and Luqman Surahs shows the close relationship between
Ibrahim Aleyhisselam and Luqman Aleyhisselam. (l8)
c ) KARDEL:
"Kardel" is mentioned in two
surahs in the Holy Quran:
( 17) Mu'cemül Müfehres, p. 218, Hud:
11/73, Ibrahim: 14/1, Luqman 31/12, 26.
( 18) Ibrahim: 14/1, 8, Hajj: 22/24, 64, Luqman:
31/12, 26.
15 —
— In the 47th verse
of Anbiyâ Surah number 21;
— It is in the 16th
verse of Luqman Surah number 31.
As can be seen, since the word
"Kardel" is mentioned in the Surahs "ANBİYÂ" and
"LOKMAN", doesn't this clearly indicate that Lokman Aleyhisselam is
from Enbiyâ? If there was no evidence other than this that Lokman Hekîm
was from Anbiyâ, wouldn't that be enough?
Let's compare these two verses in terms of
their numbers:
— Number of verses of Surah
Anbiyâ: 47,
— Number of verses of Surah Luqman: 16,
The numerical difference between the two
verses is:
31.
In the Holy Quran:
Surah number 31: Luqman Aleyhisselam;
Surah number 47:: It is the Surahs of
Muhammad (PBUH).
d ) SAKRAT:
The word "Sakrat" is mentioned
in the Qur'an in the Surahs Kahf (18/63), Luqman (31/16) and Fajr (89/9).
The three stories told in these three
surahs in which "Sakrat" is mentioned are as follows:
— A Young Person and the
Prophet. Moses Aleyhisselam,
— His son and Hz. LOQMAN
Aleyhisselam,
- The people of Thamud and Hz. He is
Salih Aleyhisselam.
The share to be taken from these three
stories:
The term "Sakrat" shows the
connection of Luqman Aleyhisselam with the other Enbiyâ...
— 16
e ) SABBÂR:
"Sabbar" is mentioned in the Quran
in the Surahs Ibrahim (14/5), Luqman (31/31), Saba' (34/19) and Shura (42/23)
/ 19 '
The term "Sabbar" means
"very patient" and is used as "SABBÂR"IN ŞEKÛR"
together with the word "şekûr" (very grateful)" in four
verses. '
In the 85th verse of ANBIYÂ SURAH:
"And mention Ishmael, Idris and Zulkifl. They were all among the patient
ones (from SABIRIN)." ordered/ 20 '
Abraham and Lokman, who were deemed worthy
of the title "SABBÂR" by God Almighty;
It is seen that they are compared with
"Ismail, Idris and Zulkifl" Aleyhisselam, who are from
"Sâbirîn" and it is stated that they are superior to them.
f ) ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
"Shekur" is mentioned in 10
verses in the Quran / 21 '
Among the surahs where "Shekur"
is mentioned, the first is IBRAHIM and the second is LOQMAN.
In the verses: Prophets Moses (14/5), Noah
(17/3) and Al-i Dawud (Solomon: 34/12-13) are mentioned.
g) E D R î (T E D R î):
The root letters of the word
"Edrî" are (DRY).
The terms "Edrî (edry)" and
"tedrî (tedry)" come from the same root.
( 19) Mu'cemül Müfehres, p. 401,
( 20) The Holy Quran and its Turkish
Annotated Translation: p. 328,
( 21) Ibrahim:
14/5, Luqman: 31/31, Seba': 34/13, 19, Fatir: 35/30, 34, Isra: 17/3, Shura:
42/23, 33, Teghabun: 64/ 17.
17 —
The derived twin sister
words are each mentioned in four verses:
Adri: Anbiyâ: 21/109,11, Ahkaf:
49/9, Jin: 72/25.
Tedri: LOKMAN: 31/34-34, Shura:
42/52, Divorce: 65/1.
When the sources are examined, it is seen
that:
The first two verses in which
"Adrî" is mentioned are separate verses in the Anbiyâ Surah;
The first two verses in which
"Tadrî" is mentioned are in the same verse of Surah Luqman.
We believe that this issue is twofold
proof that Luqman Aleyhisselam is from ANBIYÂ...
19. Hz . Abraham
and Hz. The common qualities of Loqman (Aleyhisselam) regarding the
invitation to Islam also indicate that Loqman (Aleyhisselam) is from the Prophets.
As follows:
a ) Hz. "Ibrahim
started the invitation to faith from his father Azer." And the trace
castle Ibrahim to liebîhi Azer..." (Ibrahim said to his father
Azer...)" (22)
Hz. Luqman started the invitation to
faith from his son (children):
"And iz kale Lokman'ü libnihi...
(Lokman said, advising his son...)" (23)
b ) Hz. Abraham
said to his father: "O eternal (O my father!)"
Hz. They gave advice to the son of
Lokman with affectionate addresses such as: "Yâ Büneyye (O my
child)"/ 24 '
( 22) En'am: 6/74,
( 23) Luqman: 31/13,
( 24) Meryem: 19/42-43-44-45, Luqman:
31/13-16-17
— 18
c ) Hz. Abraham's
father Azer, his people who worshiped idols, and Nimrod rejected the invitation
and came to Hz. They mocked Abraham and threw him into the fire/ 2 ®
Hz. Luqman's son became a believer in
response to the invitation/ 26 '
d ) In the Holy
Quran, Hz. Abraham, various major adjectives? It is mentioned with
the following names: Evvâh, Halîm, Münîb, Hanîf, Kaanit, Sabbâr, Şâkir
(Şekûr)... as adjectives/ 27 '
Hz. Lokman'a ise: Hakim (Wise),
Hikmet, Rahmat (Rahîm), Muhsin, Müflih, Kerim, Hamid, Azim, Munir, Aliyy,
Kebir, Sabbâr, Shakur (Shakir)... sıfatları lyayık gehılımşık/ 28 '
e ) Hz. In
his dream, Abraham saw himself sacrificing his son Ishmael to Allah
Almighty../ 29 '
Hz. Luqman, on the other hand,
continued his advice to his son, who had become a believer, by reminding him
that after believing and thanking Allah, he should continue to worship and have
good morals, thanking his parents, and that belief requires good deeds/ 30 '
f ) ANBIYÂ
SURAH numbered 21 is common between both of them; There is so much:
SURA OF IBRAHIM number 14, before SURA OF
ANBIYA,
LOQMAN SURAH numbered 31, after ENBIYA
SURAH,
They took their place in the Holy Quran...
( 25) Enam: 6/74, 83, Tevbe: 9/70, Hajj:
22/43, Ankebût: 29/16, Baqara: 285. Anbiyâ: 21/52-70, Shuârâ: 26/70-104, Zuhruf
: 43/26, Mümtehme: 60/4.
( 26) Luqman:
31/12-19.
( 27) Mehmet
Dikmen-Bünyamin Ateş: History of the Prophets, p. 252.
( 28) Luqman:
31/2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 20, 26, 27, 30, 31.
(29) Sâffât:
37/101-111.
( 30) Luqman:
31/13, 19.
19 —
B ) HAZRET-I
LOQMAN ALEYHİSSELAM
One of the prophets whose names are
mentioned and whose stories are told in the Holy Quran is Luqman Aleyhisselam.
Hz. Lokman Hekîm was given a
beautiful name "LOKMAN" and a useful knowledge "HIKMET" by
Allah; It is reported in the "LOQMAN SURAH" that bears his name,
that he gave wise advice to his son/ 2 '
Lokman Hekîm is a "WISE" person
who speaks wise words, lived a long life, and whose fame spread throughout our
country and the world, who thinks a lot and is sharp-sighted. He had a
reputation for speaking beautiful words with deep meaning. His wise words,
exemplary advice, legends and stories have not been forgotten even though
thousands of years have passed. Because everyone has liked them in every
era/ 3 '
His aphorisms and wisdom are mentioned in
daily conversations and are frequently quoted by poets and orators/ 4 '
In our time, one of the people whose life
requires deep scientific research is Luqman Aleyhisselam.
There are many sayings and wisdoms of
Lokman Hekîm written in Islamic Sources and spread among the people, some of
which Westerners (Greeks) took and appropriated for themselves. The
following two issues can be given as examples:
( 1) M. Asım Koksal: History of the Prophets,
1/10,
( 2) Surah Luqman: 31/12-19,
( 3) Mevdûdî:
Tefhîmiil Kur'an, 4/285, Prophets History Ans. 4/160.
( 4) Mawdudi: Tafhîmiil Qur'an, 4/285.
— 20
First: Hz. They attributed the wisdom
of Lokman Hekîm's "HEART and TONGUE" to EZOP by giving the title
"EZOP and LANGUAGE" or "EZOP'S LANGUAGE"./ 5 '
Secondly: It is seen with regret that they
want to turn the "OATH OF LOQMAN", which continues as a tradition in
medicine, into the "OATH OF HIPPOCRAT"/ 6 '
In order for Luqman Aleyhisselam's life to
be enlightened, answers to the following questions should be seriously sought:
Whether Lokman Hekîm is one of the
prophets whose name is mentioned and whose stories are told in the Holy Quran,
and the place of Surah Luqman in the Holy Quran. Is Lokman Hekîm a Prophet
or a Veli? Are there 25 prophets mentioned in the Holy Quran? Where
does this come from? Hz. What is Lokman's profession? Are Lokman
Hekîm and Lokman bin Âd the same person or are they separate persons? Who
is Lokman Hekim? Hz. Did Luqman prefer wisdom to prophecy? Hz. Was
Lokman Hekîm a slave? The period in which Luqman Aleyhisselam
lived? What is his hometown? Where did he die? How many years
did he live? What is known about his ancestry? Shouldn't we believe
in the Anbiya, whose names are clearly stated in the Quran, without
distinguishing between them? Accordingly, isn't it necessary to know the
number of prophets? Wouldn't it be stronger to have an alliance rather
than a disagreement on the Anbiya, whose name is mentioned in the Holy Quran,
which is one of the basic principles of faith?
( 5) Islamic Ans. (MEB), 7/64-67, Meydan
Larousse (Larus): 1/195, Turkish and World Celebrities Ans. s. 28,
Cumhuriyet Ans. 1/108, World Writers and Works Ans. 1/46, Hayat
Ans. 1/76,
( 6) Muhammed Selman: MEDICAL OATH (Lokman
Oath-Hippocratic Oath), NEW DEVİR Newspaper dated
24.5.1983. Prof. Dr. N. Uzluk: Hippocrates' Oath,
Ank. Ü. Medicine. F. Yay. Ankara-1958. Dr. Zeki
Başar: In History, History of Medicine, Oath,
Ank. Ü. Arrow. Ankara1973. Ord. Prof. Dr. S.
Ünver: History of Medicine, 1/43, Lokman Hekim: 3-10, Lokman Sağlık
Publications, Istanbul-1972.
21
C ) THE PROPHET
WHOSE NAME AND STORY ARE TOLD IN THE QURAN
The names and stories of every prophet
sent to people are not mentioned in the Holy Quran. In this regard, it is
stated as follows:
"I swear: We sent many Messengers
before you. Among them, there are those whose stories we told you, and there
are those whose stories we did not tell you." (Nisa: 4/164,
Believer: 40/78)
Hz. Luqman Aleyhisselam is one of the
prophets whose names are mentioned or whose stories are told in the Holy
Quran. (MA Koksal: History of the Prophets: 1/10)
The 31st Luqman Surah was allocated in the
name of Lokman Hekîm and the story of Luqman was told with its 34 verses.
D ) THE PLACE OF
SURA LOQMAN
IN THE QURAN
The main source of Islam is undoubtedly
the Quran. The Quran consists of 114 surahs and more than 6000
verses. Among these one hundred and fourteen surahs, the one numbered 31
is LOQMAN SURA. It was revealed in the Meccan period and has 34 verses. The
name "LOQMAN" is mentioned twice in the 12th and 13th verses of this
surah. That's why this sura is called "LOQMAN SURA".
11 When the Quraysh asked questions
from "LOQMAN" , God Almighty said
"Loqman" through Gabriel Aleyhisselam.
(1) E. H.
Yazır: Hak Dini Kur'an dili, 6/3836,
— 22 —
Sûresi"ni muhterem peygamberimiz (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve sellem)'e
inzal buyurdu. Lokman Hekîm'in kimliğini bizzat Kur'an-ı Kerîm'inde açıkladı.
Onun gerçek şâhidi oldu. Ona hikmeti verdi.® Kendisine bol hayırlar ihsan
buyurdu/3’ Lokman Aleyhisselâm'ı kendisine dost edindi. Ona "VELİLİK" ve
"NEBÎLİK" makamını verdi. Yüce Allah onu, o da Rabbini sevdi. Ne
mutlu ki, ne yüce mertebelere erdi.
Bundan böyle Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de Lokman
vardır, hikmetleri vardır, oğlu vardır, öğütleri vardır. Lokman önce
öğütlerini oğluna verir. Oğluna verdiği nasihatleri, aynı zamanda herkes için
çok değerli, ölmez öğütlerdir.
Lokman Sûresi, Rum Sûresi ile Secde Sûreleri
arasında yer alır. Rum Sûresi'nin sıra numarası 30 olup 60 âyetli bir sûredir.
Secde Sûresi ise 32 sıra nolu sûredir ve 30 âyettir.
Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de 114 sûre içinde 31'inci
sırada yer alan Lokman Sûresi, 34 âyeti ve 548 kelimesiyle MUSHAF'ın diğer bütün
sûre, âyet ve kelimeleriyle irtibatlı bir halde bulunmaktadır:
Lokman Sûresi, sûre başlarında yazılan
müstakil "BESMELE" ile Kur'an-ı Kerîm'deki 113 sûreyle irtibat
halindedir.
"Besmele"yi takiben jjelen
Lokman Sûresi'nin birinci âyeti, "ELİF LÂM MIM"dir. Bu âyetin,
Kur'an-ı Kerîm'deki 6 sûre ile irtibatı vardır. Aynı âyet, aşağıdaki 6 sûrenin
birinci âyeti olup müşterektirler. Konunun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için şema
halinde gösterilmesinin uygun olacağı kanaatındayız.
(2) Lokman Sûresi: 31/12,
(3) Bakara Sûresi: 2/269,
23 —
"ELİF LÂM MİM"
âyetinin şeması:
Sûre adı: |
Sûre no: |
Âyetin metni: |
Âyetin numarası: |
Bakara |
2 |
ELİF LÂM
MÎM |
1 |
Âl-i İmran |
3 |
ELİF LÂM
MÎM |
1 |
Ankebût |
29 |
ELİF LÂM
MÎM |
1 |
Rûm |
30 |
ELİF LÂM
MÎM |
1 |
LOKMAN |
31 |
ELİF LÂM
MÎM |
1 |
SECDE |
32 |
ELİF LÂM
MÎM |
1 |
Bu altı sûre de dahil olmak üzere Kur'an-ı
Kerîm'de 29 sûrenin başında "Elif, Lâm, Mîm, Yâ-sîn, Nûn, Kaaf,
Ha-mîm..." gibi hece harfleri geçmiştir ki, bunlara "Mukataât-ı süver
(süre başları)" denir.
29 sûrenin sûre numaraları şunlardır:
2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 68.
Lokman Sûresi, işte bu 29 sûre ile de
irtibat halindedir.
Suyûtî:
"Bu harfler, vahyin sesidir. Esrâr-ı
ilâhiyyedendir. İl mini ancak Allah bilir. Kulağınızı açın, bu tatlı nağmeleri
dinleyin," der.t4)
Lokman Sûresi'nin her âyeti, "Elif,
Lâm, Mîm" misâlinde olduğu gibi incelenebilir...
(4) Mu'cemül
Müfehres, s. 37,
Nüzûlünden Günümüze Kur'an-ı Kerîm Bilgileri, s, 68.
— 24
E) LOKMAN
HEKÎM NEBÎ MİDİR,
VELİ MİDİR?
Selef âlimlerinin Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın
bir peygamber mi yoksa peygamber olmayıp salih bir kul mu oli duğu konusunda
iki görüşe ayrıldıkları bildirilmektedir/5’
Mübarek isimleri Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de
zikrolunan peygamberlere dair Enbiyâ Tarihleri ile İslâm İlmihâli kitaplarında
verilen bilgiler ihtilâfladır:
M. Asım Köksal'ın Peygamberler Tarihi'nde:
"Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de isimleri anılan veya kıssaları anlatılan peygamberler"
bahsinde:
1. Âdem Aleyhisselâm,
22. Lokman Aleyhisselâm,
28. Muhammed Aleyhisselâm'a kadar (28)
peygamber sayılmış ve sonunda şu malûmatın verildiği görülmüştür:
"Bu Peygamberlerden ...Lokman,
Zülkarneyn Aleyhisselâmlar gibi bazılarının Peygamber mi, Veli mi? oldukları
hakkında, bilginlerin görüş birliği sağlanamamıştır"(6)
"Cenâb-ı Dâvud ve Süleyman
zamanlarında yetişmiş peygamberlerden biri de Lokman Aleyhisselâm'dır. Hazret-i
Lokman’ın Nebî olmayıp Velî olduğu da mervîdir (rivayet edilmiştir.)
Muşarun ileyh (kendisine işaret edilen),
(5) Hadislerle Kur'a-ı Kerîm Tefsiri İbn-i Kesîr: 12/6401,
(6) M. Asım Koksal: Peygamberler Tarihi, 1/10,
25 —
dâima Dâvud
Aleyhisselâm’ın meclisinde bulunurdu. Hem nübüvvet (peygamberlik) hem de
tabâbet (hekimlik) ederdi. İlm-i tıbbın vâzıı (tıp ilminin kurucusu) olarak
gösterilir.
Dâvud, Süleyman (Aleyhisselâm), Benî
İsrâil'in hem Nebî'si, hem de hükümdân idiler. Hazret-i Dâvud'a Zebur isminde
kitap nâzil oldu. Lokman, İlyas, Elyesa', Zülkifl, Üzeyr, Zekeriyyâ, Yahya, Âsâ
(Aleyhimüsselâm) Enbiyâyı Benî İsrail'dendir."®
Saîd İbn'il Müseyyeb, Mücâhid ve Katâde'ye
göre: "Lokman Hekîm'dir, Nebî değildir". Bunlar, Lokman Sûresi 12'nci
âyetinde, Lokman'a verilen "hikmet"i, "ince anlayış" ve
"akıl" manâlarına hamlettiler.
Şa'bî, jkrime ve Süddî ise,
"Nübüvvet" manâsına aldılar/8’
İbn-i Cerîr ve İbn-i Ebû Hâtûn, Veki'
kanalıyla ikrime'den rivayet ediyorlar ki, "O, Lokman peygamberdi."(9)
RAVZATÜ'S SAFÂ'dan naklen deniliyor ki:
"Lokman'a Peygamber değildir
denilirse, Kur'an'da peygamberler arâsmda ismi geçmiş ve Sûre-i Lokman nâmiyle
müstakil bir sûre nâzil olmuştur.”00’
Kanaatımıza göre Lokman Nebî'ye
"VELÎ" denmesinin bir sebebi de "Velî" kelimesinin çoğulu
olan "Evliyâ"nın Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de 34 âyette geçmiş olmasıdır.
Kur'an'da 34 âyetli tek sûre de Lokman Sûresi'dir. Bu iki rakam arasında
tevafuk vardır.01’
"Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de Lokman
Aleyhisselâm" bahsinde
(7) Ali Reşad-Ali Seyyidî:
Tarih-i İslâm, s. 23, 26,
(8) Şeyh Ebû Abdullah: Kitab-ı Şerhil Emâlî, Varak No:
9,1234 Hicrî.
(9) Hadislerle Kur'an-ı Kerîm Tefsîri İbn-i Kesîr: 12/6402.
(10) Prof. Dr. A. Süheyl ÜNVER: Lokman Hekim, s. 6.
(11) Mu'cemül Müfehres, s. 766-767,
— 26
teferruatlı olarak
açıklandığı üzere Hz. Lokman Aleyhisselâm, hem NEBÎ'dir ve hem de VELÎ'dir.
VELÎ'dir, çünkü NEBÎ'dir. NEBÎ olup da VELÎ olmayan bir peygamber düşünülemez.1®
Yazıldıkları şekilleriyle Kur'an-ı
Kerîm'de isimleri zikredilmeyen, Hz. Mûsa Aleyhisselâm'ın vefatından sonra sırasıyla
peygamber oldukları Tecrîd-i Sarîh Tercemesi not kısmında açıklanan Yûşa' İbn-i
Nün, Kâlib, Hazkil gibi kişilerin peygamberliği hususunda herhangi bir
tartışma sözkonusu edilmiyorken; hakkında 34 âyetli bir müstakil sûre nâzil
olup şahsına tahsis edilen Lokman Aleyhisselâm'a dair "VELÎ midir? NEBÎ
midir?" münakaşası niçindir? Hangi sebepten kaynaklanmaktadır?112’
F) KUR'AN'DA
İSMİ GEÇEN
PEYGAMBERLER 25 TANE Mİ?
İslâm Dinini anlatmak için yazılan bazı
eserlerde Kur'an'da adı geçen peygamberlerin (25) olduğu bildirilmiştir.113’
Bu yirmibeş Enbiyâ'nın isimleri
sayıldıktan sonra bazı kitaplarda şöyle bir açıklamanın yapıldığı da görülmektedir:
"Bunlardan başka Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de kendilerine dair
(12) Tecrîd-i Sarîh
Tercemesi: 9/88, Not.
(*) NEBÎ: Kendisine Allah tarafından tebliğ edilen hükümleri halka haber
veren, demektir; çoğulu ENBİYA (NEBİLER)'dır.
RESUL: Allah tarafından İlâhî hükümleri tebliğ etmek için gönderilen zat
(Mürsel) manasınadır.
RESÛL ile NEBÎ terimlerini, bazıları eş manâlı olarak kabul etmişler.
dir... Resûllerin üçyüz onüç, Nebilerin ise yüz yirmi dört binden fazla bulunduğu
rivayet edilmiştir. (Mehmet Dikmen-Bünyamin Ateş: Peygamberler Tarihi, s. 52)
(13) A. Hamdi Akseki: İslâm Dini, s. 85; S. Yazıcı: Temel Dini
Bilgiler, s. 33.
27 —
malûmat verilen Uzeyr,
Lokman, Zülkarneyn adında üç zat daha vardır ki, bunların da pek büyük zatlar
olduğunda şüphe yoktur."04’
Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de isimleri anılan ve
kıssaları anlatılan peygamberlerin sayısı (28) olduğu halde acaba (25) olarak
bildirilmesi nereden kaynaklanıyor?
Kanaatımızca buna sebep, ilk peygamber Hz.
Adem (A.S.) ile (son peygamber Hz. Muhammed Aleyhisselâm'dan bir önceki Resûl)
Hz. İsâ Aleyhisselâm’ın Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de her ikisinin de (25)'er âyette geçmiş
olmalarıdır.03’
Sayı bakımından aralarında bir mutabakat
bulunduğu gibi yaratılış yönünden de böyle bir benzerlik görülmektedir:
Bismillah..: "İnne mesele İsâ
indellâhi kemeseli Âdem..."06’
The sublime meaning of the verse:
"The situation of Jesus in the eyes of Allah is like the situation of
Adam. (Allah, who created Adam from soil without a mother and father, also
created Jesus without a father.)" 07 '
They are mentioned in the Quran in Uzeyr:
1, Luqman: 2 and Dhul-Qarnayn: 3 verses. 08 '
However, his name is mentioned only in one
verse in the Quran. Uzeyr Aleyhisselam and the Prophet whose name is
mentioned in 25 verses. Jesus (peace be upon him) is from the Prophets who
are equal to each other. The following verse also indicates
this :
( 14) Ö. Nasûhî
Bilmen: Great Islamic Catechism, p. 18.
( 15) M. Fuad
Abdülbâkî: Mu'cemül Müfehres, p. 24, 494.
( 16) Al-i
Imran: 3/59,
( 17) The Holy
Quran and its Turkish Annotated Translation, p. 56,
( 18) Mu'cemül Müfehres,
p. 459, 651, 278. At-Tawbah: 9/30, Al-Kahf: 18/83, 86, 94, Luqman:
31/12-13,
— 28
"The Jews said, UZEYR is the son of
Allah.
Christians also said that Jesus is the son
of Allah (God forbid)!
These are false words that they speak with
their mouths. ”' 19 '
G ) PROFESSION OF
LOQMAN ALEYHİSSELAM
Lokman Hekim has become the symbolic name
of folk medicine/ 20 '
Q was truly an artistic person. Many
arts are attributed to Luqman Aleyhisselam. There is a consensus among
scholars that he is a physician. It is also reported that he was a judge
(judge) over the Israelites/ 21 '
Luqman Aleyhisselam was a tailor. It
is also rumored that he was a carpenter. He served as Vizier to David
Aleyhisselam with his knowledge and wisdom/ 22 '
In the Encyclopedia of Islam (MEB) and
other western works, which were originally written by polytheistic scholars,
the life of Lokman Hekim was legendary, depicted with various faces, and also
dressed in various clothes. / 23 '
Although it is said that Lokman Hekim was
a slave, he is not a slave; A man whose slave escaped compared him to his
slave. On this subject, "Was Doctor LOKMAN A SLAVE?" The
issue should also be considered.
( 19) Repentance: 9/30.
( 20) Turkish Culture: 4/412, Meydan
Larousse: 8/41, Hayat An. 4/2194.
( 21) Tecrid-i Sarih Ter. 9/162.
( 22) M. Asım Koksal; History of the
Prophets: 2/229, 230.
29 —
With the permission of Allah, Lokman Hekîm
found the causes of many diseases, obtained their medicines, cured people's
troubles, and sought cures for their material and spiritual diseases:
The main principles of his work to save
people from spiritual diseases such as polytheism, blasphemy, pride, arrogance
and sinning were as follows:
— No partners will be associated with
Allah.
— Allah is aware of everything.
— Parents will be obeyed.
- Worship will definitely be performed and
will not be interrupted.
- Allah always rewards the smallest evil
or good deed.
— People should be guided by goodness, not
evil.
- Arrogance and boasting do not suit a
person.
— One must be patient with what happens to
them../ 24 '
In order to protect people from all kinds
of material diseases, Lokman Hekim recommended taking precautions before
contracting the disease, and gave good advice to all humanity in the person of
his son:
- My son! Call a doctor before you
get sick.
— Show respect to the doctor before
getting sick/ 25 '
( 23) Islamic
Ans. (MEB): 7/64-67, Mevdûdî: Tefhîmiil Quran: 4/292293.
( 24) Holy
Quran, Surah Luqman: 31/12-19.
( 25) Dr. Mahmud
Seabirds: Medicine in the Holy Quran and Hadiths, p. 9.
— 30
i)
THE TRUE IDENTITY OF LOKMAN HEKİM
Hz. When we compare the decent life
of Lokman Hekim, described in the Holy Quran and hadiths, with Western sources
and the sources written based on them, we come across two personalities of him:
1 . The true identity
of Lokman Hekim,
2 . Legends are his
life mixed up.
Mevdûdî states in his Tefhîm'ül Qur'an
Tafsir, "quoting from Ravdul Unuf and Mas'ûdî: "Lokman Hekîm and
Lokman bin Âd are two separate persons, and it is not correct to consider them
as one and the same person..." (4/293), as a result of the research
conducted by us, it is seen that the "real identity" and "life
mixed with legends" of Lokman Hekim, who is not two separate people
mentioned but one, are pointed out.
Now let's quote some works that prove that
our view is correct:
1 . It is stated
in the Encyclopedia of Islam published by the Ministry of National Education:
"Many jokes attributed to Assopos in Europe were attributed to Lokman (in
Asia). The first signs of this change show themselves in very early times. The
oldest stories are about Lokman." While the oldest Islamic (Eastern)
Anbiya stories make him a hero, the oldest Islamic (Eastern) Anbiya stories
make him a JUDICIAL VISITOR and even a PROPHET, the Eastern stories of the
later (Western) period portray him as a CARNGER, a SHEPHERD, a misshapen SLAVE,
an Egyptian slave, He depicted him as a Nubian or Abyssinian slave..."
(7/64-67)
31
It is understood from this short transfer
that Lokman Hekim:
According to his "true
identity": He is the JUDGE, VISITOR, PROPHET.
According to his "life mixed with
legends": He is a CARpenter, a Shepherd, a SLAVE.
2 . After the
anecdote "Heart and Tongue" was told in the History of the Prophets®:
"This elegant wit of the Prophet Luqman was attributed to the Greek Aesop
by the Westerners." It is said.
3 . Ord. Prof. Dr. A.
Süheyl Ünver, in his book Lokman Hekim:
"Lokman Hekim has become an
unshakable and always fresh symbol of the twentieth century in the East...
If we consider what has been written so
far, we can choose a title for him such as Prophet, Wali, Physician, in short,
a title that he can recognize and want to honor. The strange thing is that
these various narrations have appeared in many sources... There are those for
and against.
Luqman has always been considered two in
the East. One of them is Luqman, who is described in the Holy Quran,
showing that he is counted among the Prophets.
However, if we are going to look for a new
result here and focus on the true identity of Luqman, let's explain what we
think:
...There are medical deities in many
countries of the East. These have taken different names. In ancient
Egypt: Hormuz, in Arabs: Idris, in India: Danvantar, in Iran: Trita, in Greece:
Aesculape, in the Islamic world it is called Lokman, in Asian Northern Turks it
is called Lokamo .
(*) Mehmet Dikmen-Bünyamin Ateş: History of the Prophets, p. 514.
(**) Note: Prof. Dr. S. Ünver,
in his article LOKMAN HEKİM published in Tercüman Newspaper dated 6.8.1978,
explained that "Aeskülap, adopted by the Hellenes, is said instead of
Lokman in their language."
— 32
Most of these have been forgotten and have
undergone changes, but many concepts have been attributed to them. Here
are the things attributed to Luqman regarding the Ab-ı Hayat, under these
various names, but they were also made to be said by the same Medicine gods...
Although we have communicated General
Medical Histories in general History congresses held in various international
places and dates, as well as in our publications, there has not yet been a
definitive conclusion that there is a God of Medicine (God of Healing) all over
the world and that he can take various names in various ancient countries. Of
course, this opinion, which is seen as isolated for now in this valley, will
probably become general..." (p.3-10)
4 . Mehmet Öten, in
his book LOKMAN'S ADVICE AND WISDOM TO HIS SON:
He says, "It would be, at the very
least, unfair to attribute Luqman's words about his useful suggestions and
advice, either exactly or with some changes, to people like Esculap and Aesop
in ancient Greece and others..." (p.4).
5 . Ömer Rıza Doğrul,
in his work titled God's Command (Translation and Interpretation of the Holy
Quran), after giving information about the Surah Luqman and its subject and
pointing out that Lokman Hekîm was an Abyssinian:
"... Just as Jesus was the word of
Allah, so was Abyssinian Luqman. Luqman is generally accepted as Aesop..."
he says.
6. Meydan Larus "Lokman
Hekim" maddesinde verilen bilgi şöyledir:
"İslâm Dininin doğuşundan çok önce
ortaya çıkan Lokman Hekim efsanesi, sonradan değişik biçimlere girdi. Halkın
hayal gücü ile işlenerek zenginleştirildi. Özellikle
F:3
33 —
İslâm Dininin yayılmasından sonra Lokman, hikmetli şiirler söyleyen bir
şair olarak anılmaya başladı. Onun tarihî bir kimse (Peygamber), bir Vezir,
büyük bir devlet adamı (Melîk-i Muktedir) olduğunu anlatan masallar,
söylentiler de vardır.
Arap edebiyatında bu konuda bir çok hikâye
bulunur. Daha sonraki çağlarda İran ve Türk edebiyatına giren bu hikâyeler
biçim ve yapı değişikliğine uğradı. Gerek İran ve gerek Osmanlı edebiyatında
Lokman Hekim, hekimliğin atası olarak tanındı. Her derde deva, çaresizliklere
çare, şifâsızlara şifâ bulduğu inancı yayıldı.
Onun ilk çağda yaşadığı bilinen Yunanlı
Hekim Galenos olduğunu, İslâm dünyasına sonradan değişerek girdiğini İleri
sürenler de vardır. Aisopos, Bile'am ve Ahikar hikâyeleriyle bir çok benzerlik
gösteren Lokman efsanesinin eski çağ kaynaklı olduğu, Arap dilinde yeni
biçimlere girdiği söylenebilir. Lokman Hekim masalı, eski çağ inanlarının öz
değiştirmesi sonucu ortaya çıkarak her milletin dilinde mahallî bir nitelik
kazandı..."(8/41)
Yine Meydan Larus'ta "Lokman Sûresi:
Kur'an'ın 31 'inci sûresi, 334 âyettir. Mekke'de indirildi, 27 ve 28'inci
âyetlerinin Medine'de indirildiğini bildiren kayıtlara rastlanır. Sûre, Lokman
Hekim'in oğluna verdiği öğütleri sıraladığı için bu adı alır." (8/41)
denilerek Lokman Sûresi 334 (üçyüzotuzdört) âyetli bir sûre olarak
gösterilmiştir ki bu durum inkârcıların Lokman üzerinde neler yapmak istediklerinin
açık bir delilidir. Halbuki Lokman Sûresi aslında 34 (otuzdört) âyetli bir
sûre iken buna üçyüz (300) ilâvesiyle (334) âyete çıkarılması ne kadar
düşündürücüdür!
Bundan çıkarılabilecek en basit sonuç:
— 34
Şark İslâm âleminde Lokman Hekim, 34 âyet
ile hakîkî hüviyeti belli edilmişken Batı dünyasında 300 sahte âyet uydurularak
efsaneler karıştırılmış bulunan ve şifâ tanrılığına yükseltilen Lokman Hekim
aynı şahsiyettir...
7. Lokman Hekim
üzerinde oynanan oyunları Yüce Allah, Kur'an-ı Kerîminde bize haber verir:
Lokman Hekim'in şahsına tahsis buyurduğu 31 sıra nolu Lokman Sûresi 6'ncı
âyetinde:
"İnsanlardan öyleleri vardır ki, her
hangi bir İlmî delile dayanmadan Allah yolundan saptırmak ve sonra da onunla
alay etmek için boş lâfı safın alır. İşte onlara rüsvay edici bir azâb
vardır" buyurur. Bu âyetin açıklamasında denilmiştir ki:
"Bu âyetin, Nadir b. Hâris'in
davranışı üzerine nâzil olduğu nakledilir. Rivayete göre, bu şahıs Acem
masalları ihtiva eden kitaplar satın alıp getirir ve Mekkelilere şöyle derdi:
"Muhammed (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve
sellem) size Âd ve Semûd kavimlerinin masallarını anlatıyor; ben de size Rum ve
Acem masalları söyleyeceğim..."
Böylece bunları okur, müşrikleri
eğlendirir ve insanları Kur'an dinlemekten alıkoymaya çalışırdı."
(Kur'an-ı Kerîm ve Türkçe Açıklamalı
Tercümesi, s. 410)
Meâl ve açıklamasını verdiğimiz âyetin
asıl metninde "el-hadîs" kelimesi geçmektedir. Bu ”el-hadîs"
terimi, Kur'an'da 18 sûrede geçmekte olup altıncı sırada geçtiği sûre ise
"LOKMAN SURESİ"dir. Bu sûrenin de altıncı âyetinde geçmektedir.
"Hadisen, ehadîs..." gibi daha pek çok "el-hadîs"ten türetilen
iştikakları da vardır. Peygamber sözlerine "hadîs" denildiği de
hatırlanmalıdır.
35 —
Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de "Hadîs-ü
Mûsa"(20/9) ve "Hadîs-ü dayf-i Îbrahîm (51/24) âyetlerinin verdiği
işaret ile "Hadîs-ü Lokman) denilmesiyle Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın hakîkî
hüviyet ve şahsiyeti başta olmak üzere O'nun hadîslerine, hikmetli sözlerine,
nasihatlerine, menkabe ve hikâyelerine dikkatlerimizin çekildiğine şahit
oluyoruz.
Aynı âyette, geçtiğine dikkatleri
çektiğimiz "elhadîs" kelimesinden önce "L E H V" gelmiş
olup ibâre: LEHVEL HADÎS" terkîbindedir. LEHV Kur'an’da En’am (6/32),
Ankebût (29/64), LOKMAN (31/6), MUHAMMED (47/36), Hadîd (57/20) ve Cum'a
(62/11) Sûrelerinde 6 âyette zikredilmiştir.
Ayrıca LEHV kelimesi, sûre adı Enbiyâ'ya
tahsîs edilen LOKMAN ile MUHAMMED (Aleyhimesselâm) Sûrelerinde geçmiş
bulunduğuna göre bu ikisi arasındaki yakınlık ve irtibatı da göstermektedir.
Bu kısa açıklamadan sonra "LEHVEL
HADÎS" terimi, Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın hikmetli sözlerine "Lehviyyât
(Mevzûât-efsaneler-esâtîr)" karıştırılmış bulunduğuna da kesin olarak
işaret etmektedir!
Görüldüğü üzere Lokman, iki ayrı şahısmış
gibi gösterilmek istenerek hakkında çelişkili malûmat veriliyorsa da aslında
bu, Lokman Hekîm'in Doğu İslâm âlemi ile Batı dünyasına göre iki ayrı şekilde
farklı yorumlanmasında meydana gelen efsaneleştirilmiş bir görüşten ibarettir.
"Hz. LOKMAN HEKİM KALB VE DİL
HİKMETİ" adlı risalemizde inceleme ve araştırmasını yaptığımız üzere
Lokman Hekim bir tanedir. Yunan masalcısı olarak gösterilmek istenen Ezop ise,
Lokman Hekim'in Batıklarca verilen isminden ibarettir.
—■ 36
K) LOKMAN HEKİM
KİMDİR?
Kur’an-ı Kerîm başta olmak üzere Doğu
İslâm kaynaklarına göre Lokman Hekim, Velî'dir, Hekîm'dir, Hekim'dir,
Vezîr'dir ve de Nebî'dir, hem de Resûl'dür. Şimdi bunları kısa kısa
açıklayalım.
a) Lokman Hekim VELÎ'dir:
Hz. Lokman'ın "Hekim" ve
"Velî" olduğunda ulemanın ittifakının var olduğu bildirilmiştir.
Kanaatımıza göre Lokman'a "Velî" denmesinin hakîkî sebebi, Kur'an-ı
Kerîm'de "Velî"nin: 20, "Veliyyen"in: 13, her ikisinin toplamı:
33; bunların çoğulu "Evliyâ" kelimesinin de: 34 âyette geçmiş
olmasıdır: Çünkü Kur'an'da 34 âyetli tek Sûre Lokman Sûresi'dir. Lokman
Hekim'in "VELÎ" olduğuna dair diğer delillerimizden bazısını da
sonra yazmış olacağız.
b) Hz. Lokman, HAKÎM’dir:
Çünkü Lokman Sûresi'nin 2,9 ve 27'nci
âyetlerinde "Hekîm" kelimesinin üç kere tekrarlanarak geçmiş olması,
bunun pek açık ve kesin delilini teşkil eder.
"Hekîm" terimi, Kur'an-ı
Kerîm'de 81 âyette geçmiştir. Bunun, Lokman Sûresi'nde üç kere geçmesi, son
geçmiş olduğu âyet numarasının 27 olması ve üç yirmi yedinin 81 etmesi
arasındaki ilgi üzerinde önemle durulması gereken bir konudur!
Ayrıca "Lokman Hekîm'e verildiği
bildirilen HİKMET (31/12)"de "HAKÎM"den müştakdır: HAKÎM'in kök
harfleri (H-K-M)'dir. İştikakları ise:
Hakem-hâkimmahkûm-mahkeme-mahkûmiyet-hikmet-hakîm(bundan
37 —-
galat olarak: hekim)
-hüküm-muhkem ve muhkemât'tır. Bütün bu zikredilen âyetler Lokman'ın
"Hekîm" olduğunun delilleridir; işte bu sebeple kendisine
"Lokman'ül Hekîm" denilmiştir.
c) Hz. Lokman
Hekîm, aym zamanda "VEZÎR"dir:
Rûh'ül Beyan Tefsîri'nde: "Lokman,
kendisine verilen hikmetle Davud Aleyhisselâm’a Vezirlik etmiştir" (7/75)
denilmektedir.
Meydan Larus'ta: "Lokman'ın tarihî
bir kimse, bir vezîr, büyük bir devlet adamı olduğunu anlatan masallar,
söylentiler vardır" (8/41) şeklindeki görüş daha önce nakledilmişti.
İslam Ansiklopedisinde ise: "En eski
İslâmî enbiyâ hikâyelerinin Lokman'ı Hâkim bir Vezîr ve hattâ bir Peygamber
yaptıklarına da..." (7/64-67) işaret edilmişti.
"Vezîr" kelimesi, Kur'an'da Tâhâ
(20/29) ve Furkan (25/35) Sûrelerinde iki yerde geçmiştir. Her iki âyetin
yüksek meâli şöyledir:
"Mûsâ (A.S.): Rabbim! Ruhuma genişlik
ver. İşimi bana kolaylaştır. Dilimin bağını çöz. Ki sözümü anlasınlar. Bana
ailemden -Kardeşim Harun'ubir de Vezîr ver..." dedi. (20/25-30)
"Andolsun ki Mûsâ'ya kitap verdik,
kardeşi Harun'u da ona Vezîr yaptık". (25/35)
Bu âyetlerden birincisinde Mûsâ
Aleyhisselâm’ın kendisine yardım etmek üzere kardeşi Harun'u "Vezîr"
olarak talep etmiş olduğunu; İkincisinde ise yüce Allah'ın Mûsâ’nın talebini
yerine getirererek Harun'u Mûsâ'ya "Vezîr" yaptığını bildirmektedir.
Biz bu açıklamaya iki hususu daha
ekleyeceğiz:
— 38
Birincisi: Vezir'in iki ayrı âyette ve
sûrede geçmesi iki ayrı olaya işaret değil midir? Yalnız Harun Aleyhisselâm'ın
Vezir olduğuna tek âyetle işaret edilmek yeterli gelmez miydi?
İkincisi ise: Hz. Harun'un Vezir
yapıldığını bildiren âyette geçen "Velekad-âteyna..." kelimelerinin
müştereken > biraz remiz olmasıdır. Bunun misâllerini verelim:
1. "Velekad-âteyna
Mûsâ'lkitabe vecealna maahû ehadü Harun'e Vezîran." (25/35) (Meâli yukandq
verilmişti.)
2. "Velekad-âteyna Davud'a
ve Süleyman'e ilmen..." (Nemi: 27/ 15) (Andolsun ki biz
Davud'a ve Süleyman'a ilim vermişizdir...)"
3. "Velekad-âteyna Mûsâ’lkitabe...” (Kasas: 28/43)
4. "Velekad-âteyna
Lokman'el hikmet'e..." (Lokman: 31/12)
(Biz Lokman'a hikmet verdik.)
"Vezir"in Kur'an'da iki kere
zikredilmesi, remiz olarak da "Velekad-âteyna" kelimelerinin konumuz
olan âyetlerde ortak olarak geçmesi ve diğer kaynak eserlerde verilen
bilgilerin müştereken değerlendirilmelerine göre Hz. Mûsâ'ya Vezir yapılan Hz.
Harun'dan sonra Davud ve Süleyman Peygamberlere de Lokman Hekîm'in kendisine
verilen hikmetle "VEZİR" olduğuna bu âyetlerle işaret edildiği
kanaatına varılmıştır. Her şeyi en iyi bilen Allah (c.c.)'dır.
d) Hz. Lokman
Nebî'dir:
Hz. Lokman, hakim olduğu gibi hem de
"Nebî”dir. Aşağıda zikredilen deliller, O'nun NEBÎ olduğunu gösteriyorlar:
— 39 —
1. Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın Nebî
olduğuna, Lokman Sûresinin 15 ve 23'üncü âyetlerinde geçen:
"Feünebbiüküm (Ben size haber
veririm...)" (31/15),
"Fenünebbiühüm (Biz de onların neler
yaptıklarını haber veririz)" (31/23) kelimelerinin işaretinden anlıyoruz.
Çünkü bu iki terim:
"ÜNEBBİÜ" ve
"NÜNEBBÎÜ", "NEBÎ" kelimesinin iştikaklarıdır ve ondan
türemişlerdir. Aynı kökten ve aynı ailedendirler.
2. Nebî'nin bu iki iştikakına
mukabil, "Lokman" adı da Lokman Sûresi'nin 12 ve 13'üncü âyetlerinde
yine iki defa geçmiştir ki tam bir tevafuk eseridir ve Lokman Hekîm'in NEBÎ
olduğuna da açık ve seçik bir işaret teşkil ederler.
3. Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de isimleri
ikişer defa zikredilen beş Enbiyâ vardır. Bunlardan birisi de Lokman NEBÎ'dir.
Bu beş Enbiyâ’ınn isimleri: İdris, LOKMAN, İlyas, Elyesea' ve Zülkifl
Aleyhisselâmlar'dır.
4. İsimlerine birer müstakil
sûre tahsis edilen YEDİ ENBİYÂ'dan birisi de yine Hz. Lokman'dır. Bu YEDİ
ENBİYÂ -Sûre sıra numaralarıyla birlikteşu mübarek zâtlardır:
10. Yunus Aleyhisselâm,
11. Hud Aleyhisselâm,
12. Yusuf Aleyhisselâm,
14. İbrahim Aleyhisselâm,
31. LOKMAN Aleyhisselâm,
47. Muhammed Aleyhisselâm,
71. Nuh Aleyhisselâmlar'dır.
— 40
e) Hz.
Lokman Resûl'dür:
Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de RESÛL kelimesi
-iştikaklarıyla beraber513 ve^Nebî kelimesi de 161 âyette geçmiştir. RESÛL ve
NEBÎ'nin böylece Kur'an'da ayrı ayrı zikredilmiş olmaları aralarında fark
bulunduğunu gösterir. Kitap sahibi olana RESÛL denildiği bildirilmiştir. Buna
göre Hz. Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın Risâletine delâlet eden delilleri zikredelim:
1. Yüce Allah Lokman Sûresi
2'nci âyetinde:
"Hikmet dolu bir kitab'danhaber
veriyor". Bu âyette:
"KİTAB-HAKÎM" ikisi beraber
yanyana zikredilmişlerdir.
2. Lokman Sûresi 12'nci
âyetinde:
"Biz Lokman'a hikmet verdik"
buyurdu.
"Hikmet" kelimesi de Kur'an'da
12 sûre içindeki 20 âyette geçmiştir. Bu 20 âyetten 10'unda "KİTAB"
terimi "KİTAB-HİKMET” ile birlikte böylece tam 10 kere zikredilmiş olması
da ilim ehlini düşündürücüdür.0’
Yine HİKMET'in içinde geçtiği 20 âyette
dört Enbiyâ'nın isimleri zikredilmişlerdir ki, sırasıyla: Davud, Îbrahîm,
LOKMAN ve îsâ Aleyhimüsselâm'dır. HÎKMET’in içinde geçmiş olduğu 12 sûre adı
arasında ise yalnız LOKMAN SURESİ ismi geçiyor ki, bu da Hz. Lokman
Aleyhisselâm’ın HİKMET konusunda nasıl ummanlaştığımn açık seçik belgesidir.
3. Lokman Sûresi 20'nci
âyetinde:
"İlimsiz, kitapsız,
cehaletle..." mücadele eden bir zümreye karşılık, "ilimle,
aydınlatıcı bir kitâba sahip olarak" mücadele meydanına
atılması emredilen "Rehber"den
(1) Mu'cemül Müfehres, 213-214,
— 41
söz edilmekle Lokman’ın
RESÛL olduğuna âyette işaret vardır.
4. Lokman Aleyhisselâm'ın
kendisine kitap verilmiş bir Hak Resûlü olo’uğuna işaret eden Lokman Sûresi'nin
28'inci âyetini de burada zikredelim. Âyetin yüce meâli:
"Sizin (topunuzun) yaratılmanız da,
diriltilmeniz de bir tek kişiyi yaratmak ve diriltmek gibidir. Hakikat Allah,
hakkıyla işiten, kemâliyle görendir."(31/28)
Bu âyet-i celîlede "nefs-i vahide
(bir tek kişi)"ye dikkatlerimiz çekilmektedir. Bir taraftaki bir
topluluğa karşılık diğer taraftaki "BİR TEK KİŞİ" kimdir? Bu âyet
Lokman Sûresinde zikredildiğine göre ilk cevabı da "LOKMAN
HEKİM'dir" olacaktır.
Ayrıca âyet-i celîlede Lokman
Aleyhisselâm'ın bi'setine (Resul olduğuna) da işaret edilmiştir. Şöyle ki:
The word "Ba'sükum" appears in
the actual text of the verse. This term is a derivative of
"Bease". Just as "Hekîm" has the same root unity with
"HIKMET", the words "Beâse-ba'süküm-ba's"... also have the
same
root. ,
The word "Ba's" means to warn
from sleep, to revive the dead, as well as to send and convey. (Ahterî, p.
138)
That one person who is referred to as
"Nefs-i Vahide" due to the semantic connection between "Nefs-i
Vahide" and "Ba'sükum" mentioned in the text of the verse is
"Lokman Hekim, the owner of the book and the wisdom who wakes up the
communities from their deep sleep." we can say.
5 . One of the
RESPECTS with determination is Lokman RESUL:
— 42 —
In the 35th verse of Ahqaf Surah, it is
stated: "My beloved! Be patient as those who were determined among the
messengers were patient..." and the first of these is Hz. It is
reported that Muhammad Aleyhisselam has arrived.
According to commentator Elmalı Hamdi
Yazır:
"It would be more accurate to call
those mentioned in the seventh Misak verse of Ahzab Surah (Prophet Muhammad,
Noah, Abraham, Moses and the son of Mary: Jesus Christ) or all the prophets
whose names are mentioned in the Quran "RESPONSIBILITIES of
determination"..." ( Religion of Truth: 6/4364)
The addition of the sixth "LOQMAN
RESUL" to the "five RESPECTS of determination" mentioned in the
verse of Covenant is stated in the verse of the Qur'an:
Luqman continued his advice to his son and
said:
"My
dear child! Perform the prayer properly. Enjoin good. Try to discourage evil.
Be patient with what happens to you. Indeed, these are among the things worth
persevering in. " (Surah Luqman: 31/17)
Hz. It can never be concluded that
Lokman Hekîm ordered his son to do things that could be done with determination
and that he did not do them. On the contrary, these and similar verses
indicate that Luqman Aleyhisselam gave advice to his son after doing the
determined works himself.
7 . In the 42nd
verse of Hud Surah, Hz. of Noah,
In the 5th verse of the Surah Yusuf, his
father is Hz. Jacob's,
In the 102nd verse of As-Saffat Surah,
Hz. To Abraham's sons:
- As they gave advice by
saying "Ya Büneyye (O my child!)": Hz. Luqman gives advice to
his son by repeating the same address (Ya Büneyye) three times in the 13th,
16th and 17th verses of the Luqman Surah:
— 43 —
8 . These
beautiful advices were appreciated by Allah Almighty and they were mentioned in
the Holy Quran.
9 . There is
other evidence in the Qur'an, other than the Surah Luqman, that Luqman
Aleyhisselam is from the Enbiyâ, and because the scholars agree that he is
"JUDGE", "WELI", it is also agreed that he is
"NEBÎ" - We submit the conclusion of the conflict to the conclusions
of scholars and say:
HZ. LOQMAN IS BOTH A WAITER, A HAKÎM
(PHYSICIAN), A VISITOR, A NEBÎ AND A RESÛL. HAZRAT ALLAH KNOWS EVERYTHING
BEST.
L ) HZ. DID
LOQMAN PREFER
WISDOM TO PROPHETSHIP?
Ibn Abu Hatim mentions a strange news
narrated by Qatada and says: "Allah Almighty left Luqman Hakim to choose
between Prophethood and wisdom, and he preferred wisdom to Prophethood. While
he was asleep, Jibril came and sprinkled wisdom on him and gave him
wisdom." He started to say.
Said says: I heard Qatadah say to Luqman:
- How did you choose wisdom over
prophethood when your Lord left you with the choice? It was said. He
said:
- If I had been given an important task
along with being a prophet, I would have hoped to get rid of it and at the same
time, I would have wanted to fulfill it. But he left me with a
choice. Since I will be powerless to perform the prophethood,
— 44
I was
scared. Therefore, wisdom seemed more endearing to me. This news
comes from Said ibn Bashir. This person is weak and this news has been
talked about because of him. Allah knows best.
(Interpretation of the Holy Quran with
Hadiths by İbn Kesîr: 12/6403)
Hz. Although this and many similar
narrations are narrated that Loqman Hekîm preferred "WISDOM" to
"PROPHETSHIP", although they state that Lokman is wise, they do not
constitute evidence that he is not a prophet. On the contrary, Loqman Hekîm
first They constitute evidence for his wisdom and then for his prophethood,
because he said to Luqman (peace be upon him):
1 . Gabriel's
arrival,
2 . Lokman Hekîm's
sprinkling of wisdom on himself,
3 . When he starts
speaking wisdom,
4 . Wisdom is
mentioned first in the Quran:
"HAKÎM" is used in the second
verse of Luqman Surah, and the name "LOQMAN" is clearly explained
twice in the 12th and 13th verses of the same sura.
5 . His
"Viziership with His Wisdom" to David and Suleiman Aleyhisselam:
Hz. Narrations such as David's
saying: "How happy are you, O Luqman! You have been given wisdom and
trouble has been turned away from you" 1 " are
considered to belong to the period of his life when he was a "Vizier"
and for many other reasons. It is seen that Luqman Aleyhisselam did not
prefer WISDOM to Prophethood.
(1) M. Asım Koksal: History of the
Prophets, p. 230, Turkish Religious Foundation Publications, Ankara-1990.
45 —
M ) HZ. WAS
LOKMAN HEKİM A SLAVE?
Hz. The true identity of Lokman Hekîm
has been briefly explained before. This phase of his life is untouched by
legends, unshaken even in the twentieth century, and always preserving its
freshness. He is a great personality who is respected as the Saint, the
Wise, the Physician, the Vizier, the Nabi and the Messenger (Prophet).
Hz. As for the claims that Lokman
Hekim was a slave, Taberî (21/39), Ruh'ül Meânî (21/83), Tafsîr of the Qur'an
with Hadiths-İbni Kesîr (12/6401) and Tefhîmül Qur'an (4/292) Tafsîr.
"Rumors that he was a slave" are conveyed in source works such as his
books and the Encyclopedia of Islam (7/64). When these narrations are
collected and examined comparatively, they constitute evidence that Lokman
Hekim was not a slave. Let's give a few examples of this:
1 . A.
Gölpınarh: In Mesnevi and Commentary (2/231):
He quotes the story titled "LOQMAN
AND HIS MASTER" from Mevlana:
"Wasn't Luqman a pure servant?
Wouldn't he make every effort to serve,
day and night?
His master would put him
forward in his work and treat him more favorably than his sons.
Luqman was the son of a servant, but he
was a master.
He was free from his own desires...
— 46
Luqman was a master in the form of a
servant.
Servanthood was a veil for him in his
appearance.
Know well that, from this world to this world, there are many things that
contradict you.
Lord of the bite,
He wouldn't eat without Luqman."
2 . In
the same work, it is also explained that "LOQMAN'S LORD" is
"Immaculate David":
"Lokman went to David in pure
condition.
He saw that he was making rings of iron.
Luqman remained silent for a while and
watched. David also finished his work.
He made an armor. He dressed up in
front of the patient Lokma:
- Oh brave man said! '''This is a
good dress that protects people from being injured in war!
Luqman said, "Patience is wisdom, but
few do it." (Mesnevi and Commentary: 3/217)
3 . In the
Encyclopedia of Islam (7/64-67):
"One day, Lokman's slave friends eat
their master's figs and accuse Lokman. On Lokman's advice, his master (David)
makes them all drink hot water. Lokman vomits only hot water. The other slaves
vomit the figs along with the water. ."
This story is mentioned in the book called
Mesnevi and Commentary: "The Servants' Early Fruits Are Slandered as 'They
Ate Lokman'"
47 —
It is explained at
length under the title "The Deeds of Allah", which appears to be a
slander against Luqman Aleyhisselam. (l/588-589)
4 . Mevlana (ks)
rejects such accusations and slanders against LOQMAN Aleyhisselam as follows:
"You keep looking for thorns in
Lokman's soles.
However, there is not even a thorn on his
feet, not even the shadow of a thorn.
But you do not have this distinction from
your ambition.
The life of Lokman is the rose garden of
God.
Why should his dear foot be injured by a
thorn!”
(Mesnevi and Commentary: 1/381)
5 . Hz. Luqman
Aleyhisselam is not a slave but a Master who is likened to an escaped slave:
Sheikh Sa'di from Shiraz explains in his
Bostan (p. 189):
"One day, while passing somewhere,
someone compared Luqman to his escaped slave." "Come on,"
he said. He held her and didn't let her go. He tormented her for a
year, made her work, and built a house by making her work for a year.
A year later, the escaped slave regretted
it. He came to his master and apologized. However, because his master
had wronged Lokman, he was terribly afraid of Lokman (Now it is the turn of
those who want to enslave Lokman and make him a legendary hero). He untied
Lokman's feet and apologized. Luqman laughed:
"Your apology is useless. Because you
have made me swallow blood for a year. How can the torments and torments you
inflict be removed from the heart with just two words?"
— 48
— I also had slaves. I would make
them do hard work from time to time. Now that I am working in mud works
and have learned what toil means, I will not offer hard labor to my slaves from
now on...
"Even so, O good man, I forgive
you."
6 . Retired Preacher
Mehmet Öten: Hz. In his work titled Luqman's Advice and Wisdom to His Son,
he declares that "the claims of those who accuse Luqman of slavery are
unfounded and unfounded..." and says:
"There is no basis for the claim of
those who say that Luqman was a black slave with big lips and cleft feet. These
two famous stories (one of which is that the man whose slave ran away compared
Loqman to his own slave... and the other is the Wisdom of the Heart and Tongue)
are also about Loqman. He created the opinion that he was a slave.
The words slave and master, which are used
in these two events with the same wisdom, turned Luqman into a
slave. However, if the facts had been examined with care and thought,
Luqman's slavery would not have been judged and the adjective of being a
servant would not have been attributed to him. Thus:
He says, "Among my men, there was a
slave whom I assigned to difficult jobs from time to time. From now on, as I
remembered the difficulty of working on the land, I decided not to hurt his
heart." It is a clear rule in law that a slave cannot have
slaves. Thus, the claim is unsound and unfounded." (Ibid., p. 8-10)
7 . Summarized in
seven items from above:
"Was Hazrat Lokman Hakim a
slave?" It is now possible to answer the question briefly and
concisely as follows, and this is the correct answer:
- 49 -
"Luqman is not a slave; he is a pure
MASTER who was compared to a slave by a man whose slave escaped..."
Exactly Hz. As seen in the example of
Joseph; While Yusuf (peace be upon him) was first sold by his brothers as
a slave, he later became both the SULTAN and PROPHET of Egypt with the
knowledge and wisdom he possessed.
N ) THE
PERIOD OF LOQMAN ALEYHISSELAM
Hz. Lokman Hekîm, Dâvud Aleyhisselâm ile
kırk yıl beraber bulunup Yunus Aleyhisselâm zamanına kadar beş peygamber
devrinde yaşamıştır.0’
Sahih kavle göre Lokman Aleyhisselâm,
Dâvud Aleyhisselâm’ın devrinde yaşamıştır.® O'ndan ilim de almıştır/3’
Muhammediye kitabı "Tertîb-i Enbiyâ
Aleyhimüsselâm" bahsinde Hz. Lokman'ın, Dâvud (A.S.)'un oğlu Süleyman
Aleyhimesselâm'ı ta'kîben peygamber olduğuna şöylece işaret olunmuştur:
"Gitti ol (Süleyman) da geldi LOKMAN HEKİM,
Mahir etmiş hikmete anı Hekîm. "(4)
Sahîh-i Buhârî Tecrîd-i Sarîh Tercemesi
"HAZRET-İ LOKMAN" bahsinde verilen aşağıdaki bilgiler de Lok-
(1) Ruhü'l Beyan Tefsiri: 7/76,
(2) A. Davudoğlu: Sahîh-i Müslim ve Şerhi, 1/464, M. Âsim
Koksal: Peygamberler Tarihi, 2/230,
(3) Ebu's Suûd Tefsiri: 7/413,
(4) Yazıcızâde Muhammed: Muhammediye, s. 68,
— 50
man Aleyhisselâm'ın, Hz.
Dâvud ve Süleyman Aleyhimesselâm zamanında yaşadığına ve de Peygamber olduğuna
delildirler:
"Buhârî'nin Süleyman kıssasından
sonra Lokman ve Zekeriyya peygamberlere ait iki bâbı daha vardır ki, müellif
Zebîdî ihtisar için bunları Tecrîd'e almamıştır. Bahsimiz (Ahâdîs-i Enbiyâ)
olduğu için bunları bildirmeden geçemiyeceğiz" diyor/®
Hz. Lokman Hekim ile çağdaş olduğu
belirtilen Dâvud Aleyhisselâm'ın Hicret'ten 1662 sene öncesinden 1622 tarihine
kadar kırk yıl saltanatta bulunduğu da bildirilmiştir/®
O) LOKMAN
ALEYHİSSELÂM'IN
MEMLEKETİ
Lokman Aleyhisselâm, Mısır Nub (Nube veya
Nevbe) kabilesine mensuptur. Medyen ve Eyle halkındandı/7’
Tarihü'l hükemâ'da: "Hz. Lokman’ın
Habeş'in Nevbee vilâyetinden olup Şam'da ikamet ettiği, ilim ve güzel ahlâk
öğrettiği, Eyle ve Medyen taraflarında da oturduğu bildirilmiştir/8’
Peygamber (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve sellem)
Efendimiz, mübarek hadîs-i şeriflerinde Lokman Aleyhisselâm'ın Sudan (Habeş)li
olduğunu haber vermişlerdir:
"Sudanlıları dost edininiz. Çünkü
onlardan üç tanesi Cennet ehlinin efendilerindendir: Lokman Hekîm, Necâşî,
Müezzin Bilâl."19’
(5) Tecrîd-i Sarîh Tercemesi: 9/163,
(6) Fezleke-i Tarih-i Umûmî: 1/109.
(7) M. Âsim Koksal: Peygamberler Tarihi, 2/229.
(8) Mir'ât-ı Kâinat: 1/198. 'Tecrîd-i Sarih Tercemesi:
9/162.
(9) îbn-i Kesîr Tefsiri, s. 913. Fatih Ktb. No: 54.
51
P) LOKMAN
ALEYHİSSELÂM'IN
VEFATI
Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın, Kudüs
yakınlarındaki Rami e şehrinde vefat ettiği, kabrinin de Ramle şehri içinde
bulunduğu, o mahalde yetmiş peygamber mezarının olduğu,00’ Eyle'de öldüğü de
bildirilmiştir.01’
Lokman Aleyhisselâm, Beytül Makdis (Kudüs)
yakınındaki Remle şehrinde vefat etti. Mescid ile çarşı arasındaki yere
gömüldü.
Selâm olsun Ona.02’
R) LOKMAN ALEYHİSSELÂM'IN YAŞI
Mübarek isimleri Kur’an-ı Kerimde
zikrolunan peygamberlerden bazılarının Enbiyâ Tarihlerinde ne kadar
yaşadıkları yazılmış olup Âdem 1000, İdris 360, Nuh 950, Hud 150, Salih 158,
İbrahim 200 (175), İsmail 137, İshak 180 (160), Yakub 147, Yusuf 110 (120),
Şuayb 300 (140), Harun 120, Musa 120, Eyyub 140 (93), Zülkifl 75, Davud 100,
Süleyman 53, Muhammed (Aleyhimüsselâm)’in 63 yıl yaşadıkları, Zekeriyya 100 ve
Yahya (Aleyihsselâm)’ın 30 yaşlarında şehit edildikleri, İsâ Aleyhisselamm ise
semâya kaldırıldığı zaman 33 yaşında olduğu bildirilmiştir.03’
(10) Mir'ât-ı Kâinat:
1/198.
(11) Tecrîd-i Sarih
Tercemesi: 9/162.
(12) M. Âsim Koksal:
Peygamberler Tarihi, 2/235.
(13) A. Cevdet Paşa:
Kısas-ı Enbiyâ: 1/17-63, M. Dikmen-B. Ateş: Peygamberler Tarihi, s. 9 ve dv..
M. Asım Koksal: Peygamberler Tarihi, s. 11 ve dv.
— 52
Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın yaşı hakkında
verilen bilgiler tasnif edilip değerlendirildiği zaman onun yaşının doğru
olarak hesaplanabileceği kanatadayız. Şöyle ki:
Lokman Hekîm, çok uzun bir hayat
yaşamıştır. Ebû Hâtim Sicistânî:
"Uzun bir hayata nail olanlar
arasında Lokman'a ikinci yeri verir. En çok yaşayan Hızır'dır, sonra Lokman
gelir ki, hayatı yedi kartal kadar uzun idi..."(l4)
Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın beş peygamber
(Dâvud-Süleyman-İlyas-Elyesa' ve Yunus) devirlerinde yaşadığı da yazılmıştır.03’
Hz. Lokman’ın yaşma işaret eden sayılar:
Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın adına tahsis edilen
Lokman Sûresi'nin sıra numarası: 31, âyetleri: 34, kelimeleri: 548, harfleri:
2110’dur.06’
Hz. Lokman’ın hayatı, yedi kartal ömrü
kadar uzundur: Her kartal 80sene yaşamıştır. Ve böylece Lokman da (7x80=560)
beşyüz altmış sene yaşamıştır.07’
Muteber kitaplarda Lokman’ın 1000, 2300,
3500 yıl yaşadığı yazılıdır.08’
Muhtelif rivayetlerde bu yılların sayısı
1000, 3000, 3500'e kadar çıkar.09’
Lokman Sûresi'nin âyetlerinin sayısı,
Meydan Larus'ta 334 (300+34) olarak gösterilmiştir/20’
(14) E. H. Sicistânî: Kitabül Muammer, s. 3, İslâm
Ans. 7/64,
(15) Ruhiil Beyan Tefsiri: 7/76,
( 16) True Religion Quran Language: 3836,
( 17) Kitabul Muammer, p. 3,
( 18) Miracle
of the Universe: 1/198,
( 19) Islamic
Ans. 7/64,
( 20) Meydan
Larus: 8/41,
— 53 —
Lokman Hekîm spoke words of wisdom on
twelve thousand subjects/ 2 ”
Veheb b. Cultivator:
He said, "I have read about ten
thousand chapters of the wisdom of Luqman." 122 '
God has inflicted 4000 diseases on man:
No one has known 2000 diseases;
They know 1000 diseases, but they don't
even know the moment and
Allah has revealed 1000 diseases
(diseases) / 23 '
Luqman was a student of 1000 prophets and
1000 prophets were also students of Loqman/ 24 '
sjc
Considering that Luqman Aleyhisselam lived
in the era of five prophets until the time of Yunus Aleyhisselam, the place of
"LOQMAN SURA" in the Holy Quran was examined. As a result, after
comparing the first verse "ELİF LÂM MÎM" ( the "ELIF (or
ELF)" at the beginning of *') with other surahs or verses, the age of
Hazrat Luqman was found to be 1110/ 25 '
* * *
( 21) Hazin Interpretation: 3/441
( 22) M. Asım Koksal: Pey. Date: 2/231.
( 23) Prof. Dr. A. Süheyl UNVER:
Lokman Hekim, p. 15,
( 24) Miracle of the Universe: 1/198,
(*) There is a narration from Ibn Abbas as
follows: Abu Yasir heard the Messenger of Allah reading "Elif Lâm Mîm
Zâlikel Kitabü.." He told this to his brother. His brothers Hay
bin Ehtab and Keab came to our Prophet and asked: "Was "Alif Lâm
Mîm" really sent down to you by Allah? they asked! When they
answered "Yes", Hay said: "Then I will subtract the lifespan of
your ummah from these" and said that it was 71 years. Calculating Abjad,
this equals: El, L30, M-40; all of them amount to 71. Our Prophet laughed at
this and said: He said, "There are other revelations like this: Elif Lâm
Mîm Sâd" and read. Hay said, "This one is more (161)." Our
Prophet Muhammad recited "Elif Lâm Ra". He said, "This one is
more (231)." Here we have them like this: He calculated it using the abjad
calculation (Quran Information, p. 70).
( 25) Surah
Luqman: 31/1,
— 54
In the book LONGMANS' PREPARATORY ARITMETIC
written by THBERTENSHAW and published in English in London, New York and Bombay
in 1905 - with small squares. It was seen that Lokman's age was
calculated:
THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED ELEVEN = 1111 (1 10
100 1000). (26)
Explanation:
It was deemed appropriate to make the
following explanations in order to better understand the information given
about the age of Luqman Aleyhisselam:
1 . "Representation
of Luqman's life with seven eagles...":
The original word of the word
"Eagle" in the Holy Quran is "KardeP". In the 16th verse of
Luqman Surah, it is mentioned as "., miskale KARDEL...".
2 . The word
"seb'a" corresponds to the number "seven" at the beginning
of "Kartaf"; it appears as "seb'at-ü ebhur (seven seas)" in
the 27th verse of Luqman Surah.
Accordingly, the representation of
"Luqman's life with seven eagles" has been removed from the 16th and
27th verses of Luqman Surah.
3 . "Every
eagle lives 80 years":
The term "HAKÎM", which is the
adjective of Luqman Hekîm, is mentioned in 81 verses in the Quran. Three of
them are at the end of the 2nd, 9th and 27th verses of Luqman Surah.
Additionally, the first letter of the
first verse of Surah Luqman is "Alif (/)". The pronunciation of
Elif in Quran letters is (ELF). The equivalents of these three letters in
abjad calculation are:
E : 1
L l 30
F: 8O.
( 26) Registered
at Bayezit State Library no. 30145, p. 7.
55 —
4 . Seven eagles
(7x80=560) equal five hundred and sixty years.
5 . The words of
Surah Luqman are: 548.
6 . It is reported in
works such as Mir'ât-ı Kâinat and Islamic Encyclopedia that Lokman Hekîm lived
between 1000 and 3500.
If the zeros to the right of the given
numbers are assumed to be missing, it can be seen that they are directly
related to Lokman Hekîm:
If (1) is subtracted from the number (35),
(34) remains;
If (1) is added to the
number ( 30) ,
it becomes (31):
The number (34) is the number of verses of
Luqman Surah in the Holy Quran;
The number ( 31) is the
serial number of Surah Luqman in the Holy Quran...
7 . As for the number
(1000) indicated by the source works, the numerical equivalent of
"ELIF" at the beginning of the first verse of the Luqman Surah is
(1), or the numerical equivalent of "ELF" is (1000), according to
abjad calculation.
"ELF", meaning
"THOUSAND", is mentioned in 8 surahs and 9 verses in the
Quran. Four of these eight surahs (Baqara: 2/96, Anfal: 8/9, 66, Hajj:
22/47, Ankebut: 29/14) were written before the Luqman Surah, and the other four
(Sajda: 32/5, As-Saffat: 37/147). , Meâric: 70/4, Kadir: 97/3) they came later.
Among these eight surahs, three of them
with odd sura numbers (29, 37, 97) are much more closely related to Surah
Luqman, because Surah Luqman also has an odd number (31).
The meanings of the verses in the three
mentioned surahs are as follows:
— 56 —
"We sent Noah to his people, and he
remained among them for 950 years." (29/14)
"We sent Yunus as a prophet to a
hundred thousand people or more." (37/147)
"The Night of Power is better than
1000 months." (97/3)
8 . As can be
understood from the meanings of the verses, it is understood that attention is
drawn to the following issues:
a ) Noah's age
and the number of Yunus's tribe are stated in the verses.
b ) It could be
written that Noah Aleyhisselam lived for 950 years. However, many wisdoms
must be pointed out in the text of the verse when it is said, "A thousand
years remain, except fifty years"...
c ) It was
reported that Yunus Aleyhisselam had "one hundred thousand (miet-i
elf)" among his people, and it was only stated that the rest were
"more"...
d ) How many
people are "more" here? How do we find this? How will we
solve the problem?
9 . By seeking
answers to these questions, both the number of Yunus's tribe and the age of
Luqman were found, with the permission of Allah:
In the verse, Yunus's people were stated
as "hundred thousand".
"More" means "ten
thousand". The sum of the two amounts to "one hundred and ten
thousand": This "one hundred and ten thousand" is the difference
between the number of rows of the sura and the number of the verse:
(147-37= 110)
1 0. 1000+110=
1110 (or 1111) is the age of Luqman Aleyhisselam.
Allah Almighty knows everything best.
57 —
Ş) HZ.
DESCENDANT OF LOQMAN ALEYHİSSELAM
Hz. There is also disagreement about
the lineage of Luqman Aleyhisselam. The information we found in some of
the source works on this subject is listed below:
1 . INTERPRETATION
OF THE QURAN WITH HADITHS - According to Ibn Kathir:
"Lokman İbn-i Ankâ İbni Sedon. His
son's name is Sâran, according to a view narrated by
Süheyli." (12/6404)
2 . According
to E. Hamdi Yazır:
"Lokman Ibn Bâura was from the Azer
family and was the sister or aunt of Ayyub Aleyhisselam." (True
Religion Quran Language: 6/3842)
3 . According
to the statement of Ibn Ishaq:
"Lokman's lineage goes back to
Prophet Abraham in his fourth birth..." (Tecrîd-i Sarih Tercemesi: 9/162)
4 . According
to M. Asım Köksal:
"Lokman b. Sâran or Anka' or Bâran b.
Mürîd b. Savun or Sedun." (History of the Prophets: 2/229)
5 . İbn-i İshak
kavlince:
"Lokman İbn-i Bâura bin
Azer." (Miracle of the Universe: 1/198)
6 . Mecmûatün
minettefâsîr'de:
"Lokman bin Bâura bin Nahor bin Azer
is the father of the mentioned Azer Ibrahim Aleyhisselam." (5/59)
— 58 —
7 . Şemseddin
Sami said:
"Even among the Beni Kahtal Mülûki,
who ruled in Yemen, a Lokman is mentioned between Sheddad and Shedîd, and it is
believed that he attained the end of life, so it is possible that this is
Lokman Hekîm..." (Kamûs'ül A'lâm: 5/3995)
Hz. Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın soyu
açıklanırken zikredilen isimlerin tasnifi:
a) Mezkûr isimlerden üçü
peygamber adıdır. Bunlar:
Lokman, Eyyûb ve İbrahim
Aleyhisselâmlar'dır.
b) Peygamber isimleri
(Lokman-Eyyûb-İbrahim) de dahil olmak üzere Kur'an'da geçen adlar: Bin, İbn,
Benî (Büneyye), Azer'dir.
c) Birbirlerine benzer
isimler: Sedon-Sedun, SâranBâran, Ankâ-Anka', Şeddâd-Şedîd;
d) Bu üç sınıf dışında
kalan diğer isimler:
Bâura, Mürid, Neseb ve Nâhor'dur.
İZAHI:
Tasnifi yapılan isimlerin kısaca
açıklaması şöyledir:
1. Hz.
Eyyub Aleyhisselâm:
Kur'an-ı Kerimde mübarek isimleri
zikredilen 28 peygamberden birisi de Eyyub Aleyhisselâm'dır. Dört sûrede Eyyub
adı geçmiş olup bu âyetlerde meâlen:
"Nuh, İbrahim, İsmail, İshak, Ya'kub,
Musa, Harun, torunlar, İsâ, Yunus, Yusuf ve Süleyman Aleyhisselâmlara vahiy
geldiği ve Davud'a Zebur verildiği gibi Eyyub’a da
59 —
vahiy geldiği,
cümlesinin doğru yola iletildiği" (Nisa: 4/163, En'am: 6/84)
Başına dert gelen Eyyub'un Rabbine:
"Sen merhametlilerin en merhametlisisin" diye niyaz ettiği, (Enbiyâ:
21/83)
Son Peygamber Muhammed Aleyhisselâm'a
Cenab-ı Hakk'ın: "(Habîbim), kulumuz Eyyubü da an..." buyurmak
sûretiyle iyi ve has kullarının hayırla anılmasını hatırlatmış olduğu
görülmektedir. (Sâd Sûresi: 38/41)
2. Hz.
İbrahim Aleyhisselâm:
İbrahim Aleyhisselâm'ın Kur'an-ı Kerimde
güzel adı, ikinci Bakara Sûresi 124'üncü âyeti ile seksenyedinci A'lâ Sûresi
19'uncu âyetleri arasında 69 yerde geçmiştir. Kendisine 14'üncü İBRAHİM SÛRESİ
tahsis edilmiş olup 52 âyettir.
Yüce Allah, Hz. İbrahim hakkında:
"Ben İbrahim'i insanlara önder
yapacağım" buyurunca;
İbrahim'in:
"Soyumdan da (önderler yap Yâ
Rabbi!)" dediği zikredilmiştir. (Bakara: 2/124)
Hz. İbrahim'in Cenab-ı Hak indinde bu
mutlu duası kabul edilmiş olmalı ki, kendisine tahsis edilen:
14'üncü İBRAHİM SÛRESİ'ni ta'kiben,
31 'inci Lokman Sûresi ile
47'nci Muhammed (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve
sellem) Sûreleri'nin sırasıyla Kur’an-ı Kerim'deki yerlerini aldıkları
görülmüştür.
— 60
3. İbn (bin):
Her ikisi de aynı kökten gelen kelimeler
olup "oğul" manâsına gelir. Kur'an'da "İbn (veya bin)" 35
âyette geçmiştir. (Mu'cemül Müfehres, s. 136-137)
4. Benî:
"Benî" kelimesi
"oğullar" anlamına gelip Kur'an'da 49 âyette geçmiştir. (Mu’cemül
Müfehres, s. 137-138)
5. Büneyye:
"Benî" ile "büneyye"
her ikisi, aynı kökten gelen ikiz kardeş bir kelimedirler.
Ayrıca -bir babanın evlâdına karşı
"şefkat ve merhametini göstermek üzere"BENÎ teriminin ism-i tasgîri
(yani küçültme sıfatı) olarak gelmiş bulunan "BÜNEYYE" kelimesi,
"YAVRUCUĞUM-OĞULCUĞUM" gibi manâlara gelmektedir.
"Büneyye", Kur'an-ı Kerim'de 6
âyette geçmiştir:
Üçü Hud (11/42), Yusuf .(12/5) ve Sâffât
(37/102) Sûrelerinde, Üçü de Lokman Sûresi (31/13, 16 ve 17'nci
âyetleri)ndedir. (Aynı eser: s. 138)
6. Âzer:
"Âzer", Kur'an'da En'am Sûresi
74 'üncü âyetinde bir defa geçmiştir:
Hz. İbrahim, babasının ve kavminin putlara
taptıklarını görünce onları sert bir dille kınayarak babası Azer'e demişti ki:
61
"Sen bir takım putları
tanrılar mı ediniyorsun? Doğrusu ben, seni de kavmini de apaçık bir
sapıklık içinde görüyorum." (6/74)
(Hz. İbrahim'in kavmi Irak'ta yaşayan
Keldâniler idi. Yıldızlara ve gök cisimlerine taptıkları gibi putlara da taparlardı.
Hz. İbrahim, babası Âzer'e ve kavmine, putların tapılmaya lâyık olmadıklarını,
Allah ile insanlar arasında vasıta olamayacaklarını, hattâ onlardan hiçbir
fayda ve zararın gelmeyeceğini bildirmiştir.)
(Kur'an-ı Kerim ve Türkçe Açıklamalı
Tercümesi, s. 136)
7. Sedon-Sedun
(Savdun-Sav.un):
Bunlar iyi incelendiğinde -yazılış
farkları bulunsa dahepsi aynı kelimeler olup Hz. Lokman aleyhisselâm’ın
memleketi "Sudari'a işaret etmektedirler. Son kelime "Savuri'dan bir
tek (d) harfi düşürülmüştür ki onun da aslı (Savdun)'dur.
"İnsan" kökü kelime yapısı
itibariyle (İ-N-S) olduğu gibi "Sudari’ın aslı da (S-V-D) kelimesidir.
Okunuşu: Sud-Sevd-Seved-Savd...dır. Kur'an'da bir kere Fâtır Sûresi 27'nci
âyetinde geçer. Meâli:
"Allah'ın gökten indirdiği suyu
görmedin mi? Biz onunla renkleri çeşit çeşit meyvalar çıkardık. Dağlardan
(geçen) beyaz, kırmızı, değişik renklerde ve simsiyah yollar (yaptık)." (35/27)
Bu âyetin, Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın
memleketine işaret ettiği görülmektedir. Mevdûdî, Tefhimül Kur'an Tefsirinde
diyor ki:
"îbn-i Abbas'a göre Lokman, Habeşî
bir köleydi...
— 62
Cabir bin Abdullah Ensarî'ye göre, O, Nübah'a mensuptu.
Said bin Müseyyeb ise onun Mısırlı bir Habeşî olduğunu söyler.
Bu üç görüş birbirine benzemektedir. Araplar o günlerde genellikle
siyahilere "Habeşî" derlerdi ve Nübah (Nevbe) Mısır'ın güneyinde,
Sudan'ın kuzeyinde bir böl> gedir. Dolayısıyla aynı şahsa,
"Mısırlı", "Nûbî" yahut "Habeşî" demek
kelimelerdeki farklılığa rağmen bir ve aynı şeydir." (Aynı eser: 4/292)
8. Sâran-Bâran:
”Sâran"ın kökü "Sâr" ve "Bâran"ın ise
"Bâr"dır.
"Sâr" Kur'an'da: "Ve sâra
bi-ehlih..." şeklinde Ankebût Sûresi 29üncu âyetinde geçer. Ayette:
Lut Aleyhisselâm'ın gönderildiği (Daha
önce hiçbir milletin yapmadığı bir hayâsızlığı yapan) kavme hitaben: "Siz,
ille de erkeklere yaklaşacak, yol kesecek ve toplantılarınızda edepsizlikler
yapacak mısınız?" ihtarının yapıldığı görülüyor. (29/29)
"Bâr", "Sâr"ın
kafiyesidir. "Bi-ehlih" kelimesinin verdiği işaretle aslının
"Bi'r" olduğu anlışılıyor. "Bi'r" ise:
Hac Sûresi 45'inci âyetinde geçer. Bu
âyette: "Nice kullanılmaz hale gelmiş kuyular ve (ıssız kalmış) ulu saraylardan"
bahsedilmektedir. (22/45)
9. Ankâ-Anka':
îbn-i Kesîr'in "Ankâ" olarak
kaydettiği bu kelime M.A. Köksal'ın Peygamberler Tarihi'nde "Anka"'
olup yazılışta da farklı olarak tesbit edilmiştir.
63 —
Ankâ: İsmi olup cismi bilinmeyen bir kuş,
çok büyük olduğu anlatılır. Zümrüd-ü Ankâ ve Simurg gibi isimlerle de anılır.
(A. Yeğin: Osmanlıca-Türkçe Yeni Lügat, s.
30)
"Anka"' ise kesme işaretinden
anlaşıldığı üzere sonu "Elif (hemze)" denen harfle bittiğinden bize
kelimenin aslını bulmakta yardımcı oluyor. O halde:
Lâtince "Anka"' eşit Arapça
"Aknâ"dır.®
"Aknâ" Kur'an'da Necm Sûresi:
48'inci âyetinde bir defa geçer.
Meâli:
"Zengin eden de, varlıklı kılan da O
(Allah)'dır." (53/48)
10. Şeddâd-Şedîd:
Her iki kelime de (Ş-D-D) kökünden
gelmişlerdir.
"Şeddâd"ın aslı "Şidâd"
olup Yusuf (12/48) ve Tahrîm (66/6) Sûrelerinde 2, "Şedîd”: 41 ve "Bu
ikisi arasında geçtiği bildirilen" aynı kökten gelen "Eşedd"
kelimesi ise 31 âyette geçmişlerdir. Daha geniş bilgi için Tefsir kitaplarına
bakılabilir. (Mu'cemül Müfehres, s. 376377)
11. Bâura:
"Bâura" terimi, "Ve sâra
bi-ehlih..." (29/29) misâlinde açıklandığı veçhile aslının
"Bi-avrah..." olduğu görülüyor. Kur'an'da "Bi-avrah" Ahzab
Sûresi 13'üncü
(*) İslâm Ansiklopedisi'nde: "Fenike elifbası, Arapça ve Lâtince'nin
kaynağıdır. Lâtinler bu yazıyı soldan sağa, Araplar ise sağdan sola yazarak geliştirmişlerdir."
denilmektedir. (1/499)
— 64
âyetinde 2 kere
-tekrarlanarakgeçmiştir. Çoğulu "Avrât" ise Nur Sûresi 31 ve 58'inci
âyetlerinde yine o da 2 defa geçiyorlar.
Bu mübarek âyetlerde remiz tarîkıyla Hz.
Muhammed ve Lokman Aleyhisselâmlar'ın "Nurlu" eşlerine atıflar
yapıldığı sezilmektedir.
12. Mürîd:
"Mürîd'in Kur'an-ı Kerîm'deki aslı
"Merîd"dir. Hac Sûresi 3'üncü âyetinde geçer. Ayetin meâl ve
açıklaması:
"İnsanlardan, bilgisi olmaksızın
Allah hakkında tartışmaya giren ve inatçı şeytana uyan bir takım kimseler
vardır." (22/3)
It has been stated that what is meant by
"the devil" in the verse is the prominent ones of the unbelievers,
those who become as fierce as the devil..." This verse is similar to the
6th verse of Luqman Surah in terms of meaning and structure.
1 3. Lineage:
It means lineage, lineage, kinship,
kinship and descent.
"Nasab" is mentioned in two
verses in the Quran in the Surahs Furqan and As-Saffat, and its plural
"ensab" is mentioned once in the Surah Mu'ninun. These verses
purport:
"That Allah created man from low
water and transformed him into lineage and affinity, that the Lord has power
over all things (Furqan: 25154)
A kinship has been created between Allah
and the jinn, and the jinn themselves will be taken to the place of
reckoning; (Saffat: 37U58)
— 65
— F:5
It has been stated that when the trumpet
is blown, there will be no lineage conflict between them, nor will they be able
to investigate each other..." (Mu'ninun: 23/101) .
Although many words such as
"nâhor-batın-kahtal-mülûk-dahiy..." are used while giving information
about the lineage of Luqman Aleyhisselam, their solution was left to the
scholars.
CONCLUSION:
Hz. The genealogy of Luqman
Aleyhisselam is Hz. It seems that the information given about Ayyub and
Ibrahim's arrival is correct. Because all Enbiyâ are descended from each
other:
The last messenger sent as a mercy to the
worlds is Hz. Muhammad (peace be upon him) is Abraham's, Abraham is
Noah's, and Noah is Prophet Muhammad's. They came from the lineage of Adam
(peace be upon him). (Âl-i İmran: 3/34, Isra: 17/3, Meryem: 19/58)
— 66
A ) Hz. Lokman
Hekim'in ogluna Qur'an-ı Kerim'deki Nasihatlan 34
B ) Hadith-i
Sharifde Lokman Hakim 61
C ) Hz. Luqman's
Advice and Wisdom to His Son 87
D ) Hz. Lokman
Hekim'in Ogluna Nasihatlan 55
E ) Lokman
Hekim's 100 Advice to His Son 100
F ) Hz. Wise
Sayings of Lokman Hekîm compiled from various works 168
G ) Encyclopedia
of the History of the Prophets (Advice given by Lokman Hekîm to his son) 93
I) Hz. Lokman Hekîm's First and Last
Advice 5
K ) Pendnâme-i
Lokman Hekim 34
L ) Emsâl-ü
Lokman Hakim 38
M ) And
Some Akvâlil Arab 100
— 67 —
HZ.
ADVICE OF LOQMAN ALEYHISSELAM
Hz. Works containing the wise words
and advice of Lokman Aleyhisselam:
— Sahîfe-i Lokman,
— Emsâl-i Lukman,
— Mecelle-i Lokman, 0 '
— The Wisdom of Luqman,
— It is seen that names such as Lokman
Külliyatı... (2) are given.
Veheb Ibn Münebbih:
1 . In the
Encyclopedia of Islam:
"It is stated that he read ten
thousand books containing the advice of Luqman", (7/65)
2 . In the
Tafsir of Hazin:
"Kale Veheb, tekelleme Lokmanu bi
isna asere elfe babin minel wisdom... (Veheb spoke twelve thousand chapters of
wise words containing Lokman's advice)" (Tefsîr-i Hâzin: 3/441).
3 . In the
Encyclopedia of the History of the Prophets, (by Veheb RA):
( 1) Information about the Holy Quran from
its Revelation to the Present Day, p. 185,
( 2) Mawdudi: Tafhimül Qur'an: 4/293,
— 68
It is reported that he said, "Lokman
Hekîm spoke words of wisdom on twelve thousand subjects. People used these wise
words as Darb ı -1 Mese 1 (Ancestral Sayings) and included them in their words
and judgments (4/161)."
Many Islamic scholars have embellished
their works with the wise words of Lokman Hekîm. Sa'lebî also devoted a
part of his "MECÂLISI" to the wise words of Luqman Aleyhisselam.
The French word is
"Aphorisme". In our Treatise titled AN ESSAY ON MEDICAL OATH, a
lot of information is given about "Aphorisms of Lokman Hekîm".
HZ. HOW MANY ARE LOQMAN
ALEYHİSSELAM'S
ADVICES DIVIDED INTO?
Hz. My advice from Lokman Aleyhisselam:
1 . The advice mentioned in the Holy Quran,
2 . The advice given in the Hadith Sharifs,
3 . It is possible to divide the advice given in other
sources into three parts:
Luqman, including this correct classification. We can also divide
Hekîm's advice into sections according to their topics. These are:
1 . Lokman Hekîm's advice to his son about Allahu
Teala,
2 . Giving advice that everyone will be questioned
about what they did,
3 . Advice on encouraging worship,
4 . His advice about enjoining goodness,
—69 —
5 . His advice
about forbidding evil,
6 . His advice
about patience being wisdom,
7 . His advice
about silence being wisdom,
8 . His advice
about the reasons for friendship,
9 . His advice
about food and sleep,
1 0. His advice
about death,
1 1. His advice
about this world and the hereafter,
1 2. His advice
regarding scholars and scientific assemblies,
1 3. Lokman
Hekîm's first and last advice to his son,
1 4. Lokman
Hekîm's advice to other people.
Üçüncü bir sınıflandırma da nasîhatların
alınmış olduğu kaynak eserler nazar-ı itibara alınarak yapılabilir. Bu
sınıflandırmada aynı kaynaktan kaç tane hikmet ve nasîhat alınmışsa onları bir
arada topluca sıralama kolaylığı vardır. Bizim tercihimiz de bu olmuştur.
HZ. LOKMAN HEKİM'İN HİKMET VE
NASİHATLARINA DAİR AÇIKLAMA
Hz. Lokman Hekîm’in Kur'an-ı Kerîm,
Hadîs-i şerîf ve diğer kaynaklarda rastlanan âyet, hadîs, hikmet, nasîhat ve
vecîzeleri acaba birbirinin tekrarından mı ibarettir? Eğer hakîkaten tekrar
varsa bunun başkaca sebep ve hikmetleri yok mudur?
Hz. Lokman Hekîm’in hikmet ve nasîhatları
üzerinde genel bir değerlendirme yapıldığında, birbirinin aynısı gibi görülen
-veya öyle zannedilenbir çok hikmet ve vecize-
— 70
lerinin aynı olmadığı,
farklı olduğu, bu farklılığın sebepleri arasında da kaynak, nasihat, terceme
ve şerhlerin geldiğine şahit olunmaktadır.
Biz konunun iyice tavazzuh etmesi için
üzerinde önemle durup misaller vererek mevzumuzu açıklamak azim ve
kararındayız. Şöyle ki:
1. Kaynak aynı (Kur'an-ı Kerîm,
Lokman Sûresi âyet: 13), nasihat aynı (Lokman Hekîm'in oğluna ilk öğüdü) olduğu
halde, bunun terceme ve açıklamalarının farklı olduğunu görüyoruz:
a) Lokman oğluna öğüt
vererek: "Ey oğulcuğum! Allah'a eş koşma, doğrusu eş koşmak büyük
zulümdür" demişti. (Diyanet'in Meâli, s. 411)
b) Hani Lokman, oğluna -kendisi
ona öğüt verirkenşöyle demişti:
"Oğulcağızım! Allah'a ortak koşma:
Çünkü şirk (Allah'a ortak koşmak) elbette büyük bir zulümdür." (Hz.
Lokman'ın Oğluna Öğütleri ve Hikmetler, 1. Öğüdü)
c) "Ey babasının canı
(Canım evlâdım, ciğerpârem)
Hakk Teâlâ Hazretlerini tanı."
(Lokman Hekim'in Oğluna 100 Öğüdü’nden 1. Nasihati)
2. Nasihat aynı, fakat
kaynakları farklıdır:
Hz. Lokman Hekîm'in "Söz gümüş ise
sükût altındır" vecizesini üç ayrı kaynaktan naklen veriyoruz:
a) Kur'an-ı
Kerîm'in Türkçe Meâl-i Âlîsi ve Tefsiri:
— "Ey Yavrum! Ben, sükûtumdan dolayı
asla nedamet bulmuş olmadım. Çünkü: "Söz gümüşten olsa bile sükût
altındır." (6/2744)
71
b) Hz. Lokman’ın Oğluna
Öğütleri ve Hikmetler:
"Oğulcağızım! Konuşmamaklığım bana
hiçbir vakit pişmanlık vermedi, nedamet etmedim. Zira: "Söz gümüş ise
sükût altındır." (Ramuz Şerhi: 3/542)
c) Peygamberler Tarihi
Ansiklopedisi:
Ey Oğlum! Sükût etmekten pişman olmazsın:
"Söz gümüş ise sükût altındır."
(4/166)
Kaynaklar: Tefsir, hadis ve Ansiklopedi
birbirlerini te'kid ediyorlar.
3. Nasihat
aynı ve fakat tercemesiyle yorumlar farklıdır:
Hz. Lokman Hekîm'in "Deniz ve
gemiden" bahseden metnin orijinalinin okunuşunu İmam-ı Gazâlî'nin
İHYA'sından aynen veriyoruz:
"Ve kale Lokman Aleyhisselâm Libnihî:
— Ya Büneyye! İnned dünya bahrun amîgun.
Ve kad ğaraka fîhi nâsün kesîrun. Feltekün sefînetüke fîhâ takvâllahi Azze ve
Celle ve haşvühal îmanü billahi Teâlâ, şirâuhat tevekkül alâllahi Azze ve
Celle. Lealleke tencû vema erake naciyen." (İhyâ: 3/202)
Terceme ve Yorumları:
a) Tarafımdan
yapılan tercemesi:
"Lokman Aleyhisselâm oğluna öğüt
vererek dedi ki:
— Ey Oğul! Muhakkak ki dünya derin bir
denizdir. İçinde bir çok insanlar boğulmuştur. Şimdi sen de bu derya
içindesin. Eğer takvâ gemisine biner, îman azığını yüklenir ve Hakka tevekkül
edersen kurtulabilirsin. Bütün tehlikelerden kurtulabileceğine emîn
değilim."
— 72
b) "Hz. Lokman'ın Oğluna
Öğütleri ve Hikmetler" adlı eserin sahibi tarafından yapılan tercemesi:
"Oğlum! Dünya derin bir denizdir.
Birçok insanlar, dünya denizinde boğulmuştur. Öyleyse dünya denizinde takvâ
(Allah korkusu) senin gemin olsun. O geminin içini dolduran katık, Allah'a olan
îmanın olsun. Bu sûretle belki kurtulmuş olabilirsin. Sanmam ki, başka türlü
kurtulabilesin. (Seni kurtulmuş olarak görmüyorum)."
(Araisül Mecalis, s. 205, İhyâ: 3/179,
Ramuz Şerhi: 3/543, Berîka: 3/543)
c) Peygamberler Tarihi
Ansiklopedisi:
"Ey Oğul! Dünya derin deniz gibidir.
Çok insanlar onda boğulmuştur. Takvâ gemin, îman yükün, tevekkül hâlin, salih
amel azığın olsun. Kurtulursan Allahü Teâlâ’nın rahmetiyle, boğulursan günahın
sebebiyledir." (Aynı eser: 4/165)
4. Kaynaklar da
farklı, nasîhatlar da farklıdır:
Birbirinin aynısı değil, benzer sözlerdir.
Halbuki iyi dikkat edilmezse aynı sözlerin tekrarıymış gibi zannedilebilir.
Misâlleri:
A) Sabır ve susmak hakkındaki nasîhatlar:
— Susmak hikmettir, ama onu yapan azdır.
(Bülûğül Meram: 4/377)
— Susmak hikmettir, çok olsun, az olsun.
(Taberî Tefsiri: 1/381)
— Sabır ve sükût hikmettir, onu yapan
azdır. (Prof. Dr. S. Ünver: Lokman Hekim)
— Sükût, selâmet kapısını açan tek
anahtardır. (A. Cemil Akıncı: Lokman Hekim)
73 —
— Davud Aleyhisselâm, Lokman Hekim'e:
"Bu sözün dolayısiyle sen HAKÎM
tesmiye olundun (Hikmet sahibi Lokman diye isimlendirildin)" dedi:
SUSMAK BİR HİKMETTİR VE FAKAT ONU
İŞLEYEBİLEN PEK AZDIR. (Muhiddîn Arabi: Füsûsül Hikem, s. 234)
B) Yemek hakkmdaki nasihatiari
— Oğulcağızım! Mide dolduğu zaman, fikir
ölür, hikmet dilsiz kalır. (Gazali; İhyâ: 3/76)
— Aşırı doyuncaya kadar yemek yeme.
, Acıkmadıkça yemek üzerine yemek yeme.
Az yemekle kanâat eyle. (Taberi Tefsiri:
1/383)
— Yemeğe daima tok, hikmete (ilme) aç ol.
(Prof. Dr. S. Ünver: Lokman Hekim)
— Hasta olmamak için çok yemeyiniz, sıcak
yemeyiniz, çiğ yemeyiniz. (İlhan Yardımcı: Sağlık Folklorümüzde L. Hekim)
— Az yemeği, az konuşmayı ve az uykuyu
âdet et. (Lokman Hekim'in Oğluna 100 Öğüdü'nden 33'üncüsü)
5. Verilen
misalleri çoğaltmak mümkündür, fakat ona da gerek yoktur. Çünkü, risalenin
içerisindeki nasîhatların tamamı yukarıdan beri açıklanagelen maddelere misâl
olabilirler. Aslında tek kaynakda -Kur'an'dabirleşmiş oluyorlar...
Biz de kaynak eserlerde ne bulmuşsak yazıp
derledik. Allah'ın izniyle Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın hikmet dolu nasîhatlarını bir
araya toplamış olduk.
— 74
A) HZ.
LOKMAN HEKÎM'İN OĞLUNA
KUR'AN-I KERÎM'DEKİ NASÎHATLARI
İlk insan ve ilk peygamber Hz, Âdem'den
başlıyarak -âlemlere rahmet olarak gönderilenson peygamber Hz. Muhammed
(salla’llâhü aleyhi ve sellem)'e gelinceye kadar cümle Enbiyâ (Allah'ın selâmı
üzerlerine olsun) evlenmişler, eş ve evlâda sahip olmuşlar, birer güzel aile
yuvası kurmuşlardır.0’
Hemen her peygamber, cemiyetin çekirdeği
olan aile yuvası kurulması konusunda ümmetlerine birer imtisâl numûnesi
olmuşlar, yüce Allah'ın kendilerine salih evlât ve hayırlı bir nesil ihsan
etmesi için güzel duâlarda bulunmuşlardır.’2’
Rahman'ın kulu olan her ana ve babanın
Allah'tan hayırlı ve salih bir zürriyet talebinde bulunmanın gerektiği,
kendilerinden sonraya hayırlı bir nesil bırakan ebeveyne ve çocuklara melekler
tarafından da duâlar edileceği gibi onların âhiret gününde Adn Cennetlerine
girecekleri müjdesi de verilmiştir/3’
Bütün bunlara ilâveten Nuh, İbrahim ve
Yakûb Aleyhisselamlar gibi Enbiyâ'nın oğullarına güzel nasîhatlar verdikleri
Kur'an-ı Kerîm'de zikredilmiştir/4’
Oğluna ibretli, hikmetli, güzel nasîhatlar
veren, bu hoş öğütleri Kur'an-ı Kerîm’de zikredilen o mübarek zâtlardan birisi
de hiç şüphesiz Hz. Lokman Aleyhisselâm'dır.
(1) Âl-i İmran: 33-34,
En'am: 84-87, Ra'd: 38, Meryem: 58,
(2) Bakara: 128-129, Âl-i
İmran: 38, A'raf: 189, İbrahim: 36-40,
(3) Bakara: 132-133, Ra'd:
22-24. Meryem: 61. Furkan: 75,
(4) Hud: 42, Yusuf: 5,
Sâffât: 102,
—75 —
Cenab-ı Hak, Mekke-i Mükerreme'de nâzil
olan 34 âyetli 31 sıra nolu "LOKMAN SÛRESİ"ni LOKMAN HEKÎM'in şahsına
tahsis buyurmuştur. Şahıslarına birer müstakil sûre tahsis edilen 7 büyük Enbiyâ
(Yunus-HudYusuf-îbrahim-LOKMAN-Muhammed-Nuh)'dan beşincisi Lokman Hekîm'dir.
Şahsına tahsis buyurulan Lokman Sûresi 12
ilâ 19'uncu âyetleri arasında Lokman Hekim'in oğluna verdiği HİKMETLİ
NASÎHATLAR anlatılarak denilmiştir ki:
"Andolsun ki biz Lokman'a Allah'a
şükret diyerek hikmet verdik. Kim şükrederse ancak kendi faidesi için şükreder.
Kim de nankörlük ederse hiç şüphe yok ki Alîah müstağnidir, her hamde o
lâyıkdır.
Hani Lokman oğluna öğüt verirken şöyle
demişti:
1. Oğulcağızım! Allah'a ortak
koşma. Çünkü şirk elbette büyük bir zulümdür...
2. Allah'a ve ana-babana şükür
et. Zîrâ Cenab-ı Hak, insana ana ve babasını tavsiye etti (Onlara itaat
etmesini emreyledi).
3. Eğer onlar, sence ilimde yeri
olmadık herhangi bir şeyi Allah'a eş tutman üzerinde seni zorlarlarsa kendilerine
itaat etme.
4. Ana ve babanla dünyada iyi
geçin (kendilerine iyilik yap, sıla-i rahim et).
5. Allah'a yönelenlerin
(muhsinlerin) yoluna uy. Nihayet (Senin de, ana ve babanın da) dönüşünüz ancak
Allah'adır. O vakit Allah size ne yapmışsanız haber verecektir.
6. Oğulcağızım! Hakikat
(yaptığın iyilik ve kötülük) bir hardal tanesi kadar olsa da bir kaya içinde,
ya gökler-
— 76
de, yahut yerin dibinde
(gizlenmiş) olsa bile Allah onu getirir (meydana çıkarır ve hesabını görür).
Çünkü Allah lütûfkârdır, her şeyden hakkıyla haberdardır.
7. Oğulcağızım! Namazı dosdoğru
kıl (Kendini kemâle erdirmek için).
8. İyiliği (Dinin hayır ve
iyilik olarak bildirdiği bütün
hususları)
emret. ’
9. Kötülükten vaz geçirmeye
çalış (el, dil ve kalb ile gücün yettiği kadar insanları kötülükten sakındır.
Toplumu kemâle erdirmek, onların da ahlâkını güzelleştirmek için).
10. Sana (bu emir ve nehiy
sebebiyle) isabet eden (başına gelen)lere de sabret, katlan. Doğrusu bunlar,
azmedilmeğe değer işlerdir.
11. İnsanlardan
(kibirlenip-gururlanıp) yüzünü çevirme.
12. Yer yüzünde şımarık
(çalımlı) yürüme.
13. Zira Allah, her kibir
taslayanı, kendini beğenip öğüneni sevmez.
14. Yürüyüşünde mutedil ol (Orta
halli ol. Ne çok hızlı, ne de yavaş yürü. Sükûnet ve vakarını muhafaza et).
15. Sesini alçalt (Bağırıp
çağırarak yüksek sesle konuşma. Bilki) seslerin en çirkini (hoşa gitmeyen en
kötüsü) hakikat eşeklerin anırışıdır."0’
Hz. Lokman'a hikmetin şükür için verildiği
ve oğluna öğütleriyle hikmet ve şükründen bazı numûneler gösterilmiştir ki
bunlar da görüldüğü üzere on beş madde halinde sıralanmıştır. Hz.
Lokman Hekîm'in nasîhatlarını Lokman
(5) Lokman
Sûresi: 31/12-19.
— 77 —
Sûresi on yedihci âyetine dayanarak iki kısma ayırmak mümkündür:
a) Nehy-i anil münker
(yapılması yasaklanan, menfî) nasîhatlan,
b) Emr-i bil ma'rûf
(yapılması emredilen, müsbet) nasîhatlan.
Yapılması yasaklanan nasîhatlan: Bunlar,
1, 3,11,12 ve 13'üncü maddelerde zikredilen:
— Allah'a ortak koşma!
—Ana ve baban seni Allah'a eş koşmaya
zorlarlarsa onlara itaat etme.
— İnsanlara karşı kibirli olma.
— Şımarıklık etme.
— Allah, kibirli ve şımarık olanı sevmez;
Öyleyse Allah'ın sevmediği bir işi
yapma... gibi öğütleri menfîye misâldir. Menfînin zıddı müsbettir.
Yapılması emredilen nasîhatlan:
Hz. Lokman Hekîm'in yukarıda kısaca
açıklaması yapılan beş madde haricindeki Öğütleri müsbet olup on maddedir ve
menfînin iki katıdır.
Dikkate şayandır ki, Lokman Hekîm
nasîhatlanna ilk önce en yakınlarından (eşinden, oğlundan...) başlamış ve
vaazında en önemli konuyu anlatarak "oğlunu şirkten men'" etmiştir.
Ayetlerin açıklamaları bize gösteriyor ki, evvelâ yakınlarını kötülük yapmaktan
sakındıran Lokman Hekîm, daha sonra da onlara hayır ve iyilik yollarını
emreylemiştir. Bunun üzerine oğlu da küfründen dönerek İslâmî kabul etmiştir.
Önemle vurgulanan konulardan birisi de
şudur: İba-
— 78
det ve güzel ahlâka
misâl olmak üzere getirilen namaz ve sabır gibi ibadetleri, Lokman Hekîm’in
oğluna tebliğe devam etmesi, oğlunun îmana geldiğine ve îmanın da salih ameli
gerektiğine pek hoş ve güzel birer işaret olsa gerektir.
Hikmetin gerektirdiği şirki terk ile
Allah'a îman ve şükürden sonra ana-babaya teşekkür de salih amel cümle
sindendir. Ana-babaya teşekkür haklarını gözeterek onlara itaat ve ihsanda
bulunmak ve duâ etmektir. Bilelim ki, ebeveyne teşekkür Allah'a teşekkür kabul
edilmiştir. Çünkü: "Kula teşekkür etmeyen, Allah'a hiç teşekkür
etmez..." Bu bakımdan Cenab-ı Hakk'a şükürden sonra ebeveyne teşekkür
emredilmesinde nice hikmetler gizlidir...
İbn-i Uyeyne (R.A.) anlatıyor:
Resûlüllah Sallallahü Aleyhi Vesellem
buyurdular:
"Kim beş vakit namazı (her gün
muntazaman) kılarsa, muhakkak Allah'a şükür etmiştir. Ve yine her kim de beş
vakit namazın arkasından ana ve babasına dua ederse, ebeveynine teşekkür etmiş
olur."(6)
Ana ve babaya teşekkür tavsiye edilmekle
beraber, eğer onlar evlâdını -hiç bir ilimde yeri olmayıp muhal olan şirki
isnad ettirmek üzeresıkıştırırlarsa o hususta ikisine de itaat etme yoktur.
Lâkin günaha iştirak etmeksizin şeriatın razı olacağı ve insanlığın
gerektirdiği veçhile sohbetlerinde bulunmak, yemek, içmek, giymek gibi ihtiyaçlarını
karşılamak, cefa etmemek, ağır söylememek, hastalıklarında bakmak,
vefatlarında defnetmek... gibi dünyaya ait yardımları yapmak lâzımdır. Özet
olarak söylemek gerekirse, ana ve babanızın yersiz emirlerine itaat etmek
yoktur, ancak kendilerine sahip olmak vardır.
(6) Mecmûatün
Minet Tefasîr: 5/61,
— 79 —
' Ana-baba hukukunu dile getiren Lokman
Sûresi 14 ve 15'inci âyetlerinin inzâl sebebi şöylece bildirilmiştir:
"Rivayet olunduğuna göre Sa'd İbn-i Ebî Vakkas (R.A.) ile anası hakkında
(bu iki âyet) nâzil olmuştur. Şöyle ki: Sa'd İbn-i Ebî Vakkas, validesine
itaatkâr idi. İslâma girdiği zaman validesi:
— O Sa'd! What did you do? If
you don't give up this new religion, I swear I won't eat, I won't drink, and
eventually I will die. Because of me, you will have a bad reputation as a
murderer of your mother.” said. Room:
- Don't do it, mother! "I
wouldn't leave this religion for anything," he said.
Her mother did not eat for two days and
nights and lost her strength. Sa'd saw this
- My mom! You should know that even
if you have a hundred lives and they die one by one, I cannot abandon this
religion for anything. "Eat now if you wish, or don't eat if you
wish..." he said. Then his mother ate her dinner. This is why
these two verses - or the second verse - were revealed." (7)
( 7) True
Religion Quran Language: 6/3844,
— 80
HZ. LOKMAN HEKÎM'S ADVICE TO
OTHER PEOPLE WHO ARE INFORMED IN THE QURAN
(THIS ADVICE TO HIS SON WAS ALSO
SUMMARIZED)
1 . Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Elif,
Lam, Mîm.
2 . These are
the verses of that book full of wisdom.
3 . It is a
guidance and a mercy to those who do good deeds - to the people of monotheism
and sincerity (the verses of that book full of wisdom).
4 . Those who
do good deeds are those who establish prayer and give alms. And they are
those who believe with certainty in the Hereafter.
5 . They are on
guidance from their Lord, and they are the ones who will be successful.
6 . There are
many people among people who, without knowledge, buy into (invented) empty
words (baseless stories, fairy tales, novels, legends masquerading as
history...) in order to lead people astray from the path of Allah and to use
that path as entertainment. Their right is a humiliating torment.
7 . When Our
verses are recited to him, he turns away arrogantly, as if he had not heard
them and his ears were deaf. So give him the good news of a very painful
punishment.
8 . Are there
not those who believe and do good deeds and actions? The heavens of bliss
are for them.
9 . They will
live forever (in those heavens of bliss)...
F: 6
81
This is God's true promise. He is the only victor, the only possessor
of judgment and wisdom.
10. He created the heavens that
you see without pillars .
He put heavy pressure on the ground so
that it would shake you.
He spread there (on the earth) many
varieties of every living thing.
He sent down water from the sky and caused beautiful plants of all kinds to
grow on the earth.
1 1. These are God's creation. Show me what
anyone other than Him has created... No, those wrongdoers are in clear error.
1 2. Indeed, Allah Almighty has given me wisdom so
that I may be grateful to Him. Whoever is grateful is only grateful for
his own benefit. And whoever is ungrateful, surely Allah is
self-sufficient and deserves all praise.
(Verses 13 and 19 are his advice to his
son)
2 0. Have you not seen that Allah has subjected to you
all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth, and that He has made
abundantly available to you His blessings, both open and hidden? There are
people among people who still struggle about Allah, even though they have no
knowledge, no guidance, and no illuminating book.
2 1. And when it was said to them, "Follow what
Allah has revealed," they said, "No; we will follow what we found our
ancestors following."
What if the devil was calling them to
painful torment?
2 2. Whoever submits his soul to Allah as if he sees
Him, has surely grasped the strongest handle. The end of all matters
depends only on Allah.
2 3. Whoever disbelieves, do not let his disbelief
grieve you. Their return is only to Allah. What did we do then?
— 82
Allah will inform
them. There is no doubt that Allah knows exactly what is hidden in the
breasts.
2 4. Allah will give
such people a little living in this world and then force them to endure a heavy
torment.
2 5. If you ask them
who created the heavens and the earth, they will surely say:
"Allah." And you say, "Alham(du lillâh) (Praise be to
Allah)."
No, most of them do not know...
2 6. To Allah belongs
whatever is in the heavens and the earth. There is no doubt that Allah is
self-sufficient and worthy of all praise.
2 7. If every tree on
the earth were pens and the sea were ink, with seven more seas helping it,
Allah's words would not be exhausted. There is no doubt that Allah is the
only victor, the possessor of complete judgment and wisdom.
2 8. Your creation
and resurrection are like creating and resurrecting a single
person. Indeed, Allah is the All-Hearing, the Perfectly Seeing.
2 9. Have you not
seen that Allah merges the night into the day and the day into the
night? He has subjected the sun and the moon to you. Each of them
will flow (continue their duty) until a certain time.
Indeed, whatever you do, Allah is fully aware.
3 0. Allah is the
truth, and whatever you worship other than Him is certainly false. The
truth is Allah, He is very high, very great.
3 1. Have you not
seen the ships sailing on the sea with the blessing of Allah, to show you some
of the signs of His power? There is no doubt that you have to be very
patient in this.
There are lessons from this for those who
are very grateful (those who know the value of blessings and recognize God
Almighty who bestows them).
3 2. When waves like mountains surround them, they
call on Allah as pure and sincere people, dedicating the religion only to
Himself (that is, Allah). Then, when Allah brings them to land in safety,
some of them take the middle path. No one knowingly denies Our verses
except the cruel and ungrateful.
3 3. O people, fear your Lord. Fear the day when
neither the father will be of any use to his son, nor the son to his
father. There is no doubt that the promise of Allah is true. Then, do
not let the life of this world deceive you! Don't let that very deceiving
devil, Zinhar, make you trust in Allah's generosity and destruction.
3 4. Surely, the knowledge of when that hour
(doomsday) will come is with Allah.
He sends down the rain (at the appointed time and place).
He knows what is in the wombs (Just as He knows the details of what is in
the wombs, He also knows the details of what is in the grave. He is the Creator
who gives life.)
No one can know what he will gain tomorrow (what will happen to him in the
future, what he will get).
Again, no one knows in which place he will die (he cannot know the small
doomsday; where will he know the great doomsday?)
But as for Allah:
Undoubtedly, Allah Almighty knows everything and is aware of
everything/ 15 '
( 8) Surah
Luqman: verse 1-34,
— 84
B ) LOKMAN
DOCTOR IN HADITH I SHERIFF
Just as information about Loqman Hekim is given in the All-Wise Qur'an,
which is the main source of Islam, there is also information about Loqman Hekim
in the Hadiths of our beloved Prophet (peace be upon him), which constitutes
the second source of our religion. In fact, it is seen that this subject
is included in the All-Wise Quran and the word "HADÎS" is mentioned
in 18 surahs.
The sixth of the surahs in which "Hadith" is mentioned is Surah
Luqman (31/6). In Surah Taha, which takes place in the fifth place before
Surah Luqman:
"Hel etâke hadîs-ü Musa (Has the hadith of Moses come to you?)"
(20/9) is stated. Since the hadith is mentioned in the Surah Luqman, from
the phrase "Hadith-u Musa", "Hadith-u Luqman" and its
meaning are:
"Did the hadith of Luqman reach you?" It is understood that
it means.
In the Surah al-Dhariyat, which ranks tenth in terms of the word hadith
being mentioned in it:
The verse "Hel etâke hadîs-ü dayf-i İbrâhîm'el-mükramin" (51/24)
is also in the form of a confirmation.
On the other hand, there is the word "Lahv" at the beginning of
the "Hadith" in Surah Luqman and it is in the composition
"Lahv'el-hadith". The word "Leh v" is also mentioned
in 6 surahs in the All-Wise Qur'an. These are: En'am (632), 2. Ankebut
(29/64), 3. Luqman (31/6), 4. Muhammad (47/36), 5. Hadîd (57/20), 6. Friday (
62/11) Surahs.
— 85 —
We know that the holy words, actions and confirmations of our Prophet
(salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) are called hadith. Then, when the
"hadith of Luqman" is mentioned, the wise words of Luqman
Aleyhisselam should be remembered.
It is understood from the composition "Lahv'el-hadîth" that it is
stated that the wise words of Luqman Aleyhisselam will be mixed with
legislation and lehviyyât. In addition, the word "Lahv" also
shows the connection between these two, since the name of the surah is
mentioned in the "Luqman" and "Muhammad" Surahs, which are
dedicated to the prophet.
It is seen that Lokman Hekim's life and wise words are mentioned in the
Qur'an, especially in hadith, tafsir, ethics, mysticism, history, sirah,
medicine and poetry books, and in aphorisms magazines.
Due to the importance of our Prophet, peace be upon him, he was kind enough
to tell some of the wise words of Lokman Hekim to his companions. I write
what I can find:
1 - Our Prophet
(peace be upon him):
"Take the Sudanese as your friends. Because three of them are among
the masters of the people of heaven: Lokmân'ül-Hakîm, Negus, Muezzin
Bilal," he said/"
2 - Bukhari narrates the following hadith from
Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud (RA):
When the 82nd verse of the An'am Surah, which means "Those who believe
and do not have their faith mixed up with injustice, for them is the security.
They are the ones who follow the right path" was revealed, it was heavy on
the Muslims:
- O Messenger of Allah! Which of us does not oppress his own self, and
whose faith is not questionable by not oppressing himself? He said .
( 1) Ibn
Kathir Tafsir: p. 913, Fatih Ktb. No: 54,
— 86
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi
wa sallam) said to them:
— "The cruelty in
this verse is not as you think.
That oppression means
polytheism. While advising Lokman's son:
- Baby! Do not associate others with
Allah. "Didn't you hear him say, 'Because polytheism is the greatest
oppression?'" he replied. (2)
3 - Ibn Abbas
and Abu Hurayra (RA) narrate:
"The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu
'alayhi wa sallam) used to recite the surahs (Sajdah), (Luqman) and (Hel eta
al'el insan) in the morning prayer on Friday."®
4 - The Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) told the story that Lokman Hekim gave the
following advice to his son:
— "My son! Continue
the assembly of scholars. Listen to the words of the judges. Because, just as
Allah Almighty revives the earth with its fine rain, He also undoubtedly
revives a dead heart with the light of wisdom." (4 )
5 - Abu Musa
narrates what the Messenger of Allah said: "In his advice to the son of
Luqman:
- My son! Avoid covering your head
and face.
Because covering yourself from head to toe
at night means fear, as it resembles a shrouded dead body; Covering from
head to toe during the day causes disrepute and inhumanity because it
makes people suspicious.
( 2) Tecrîd-i Sarih Tercemesi, vol. 9,
p. 163, Tâc, as reported by Bukhari, Muslim and Tirmidhi, vol. 4,
p. 172, Sahîh-i Müslim and its Translation, vol. 1 second. 172,
( 3) Quoted from Muslim, Ihya, vol. 1
second. 194,
( 4) Et-Tergip vet-Terhîp: 1/33, Alûsî Tafsir:
1/491, Ramuz Commentary: 3/543,
— 87 —-
It is a means of showing
contempt. "This does not suit men because there is deceit and deceit
in it." 0 '
In Arâis'ül-mecâlis:
"My son! Avoid covering your head and
face.
If you cover yourself during the day, you
will become famous.
It has been narrated that "If you
cover yourself at night, it will attract suspicion"/ 6 '
6 - Narrated
by Enes RA. He said:
The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu
'alayhi wa sallam):
They said, "Silence is wisdom, but
those who do it are few."
Beyhakî narrated this hadith with a weak
document in his book "Eş-Shuab"; He authenticated that it is a
hadith from the words of Luqman (AS).
The reason for the hadith is as follows:
One day, Luqman (AS), Hz. He entered
Dawud (AS) and saw him knitting armor. He was very curious about this because
he had never seen anything like it before. Even though he wanted to ask,
wisdom prevented him from asking. Finally, after the armor was finished,
David (AS) stood up, put it on and said:
"This armor is
such a beautiful
thing for warfare," he said.
Thereupon, Lokman Alyhisselam said:
— He said,
"Silence is wisdom, but those who do it are few."/ 7 ' In Tabari:
— There is also a
narration: "Silence is wisdom, whether it be a lot or a
little"/ 8 '
( 5) Ramuz Commentary: 3/542,
( 6) Arais'ül Mecalis, s. 205,
( 7) Bülûğu'l Meram: 4/377,
— 88
7 - In Neseî and Ebû
Dâvud, the following hadith of the Prophet Muhammad from Luqman is narrated
with a corroborating evidence: Luqman said:
"Allah protects what is entrusted to
Him... And I entrust you, your property, your religion and the outcome of your
deeds to Allah." (9)
8 - In
Müstedrek-i Hakîm:
The hadith "The best people of Sudan
are three: Luqman, Bilal and Mehca" has been narrated/ 10 '
9 - From Abdullah
ibn-i Zubeyr, Ibn-i Abi Hatem narrates as follows:
"To Cabir b. Abdullah:
— What has reached you about
Lokman? I said. Room:
"Luqman" is a short, flat and
beautiful-nosed Arab person, he replied.
In another narration, he said: He was a
righteous, wise man.'''"'
10- Rûh'ül Beyan Tefsîri'nden nakledilmiştir:
"Ben derim ki, Lokman Nebî olmamış/*’
fakat o, çok düşünen, yakîni güzel bir kuldur. Allah onu sever, o da Allah'ını
severdi. Allah ona hikmeti verdi. Hikmet, Hak'da, sözde, fikirde ve hareketlerde
isabet etmektir. O, konuştuğunda hikmetle konuşur, düşündüğünde hikmetle
düşünür, hareket ettiğinde de hikmetle hareket ederdi."02’
(8) Taberî Tefsiri: 1/381,
(9) İhya: 2/640,
(10) Mir'ât-ı Kâinat: 1/198, Mecâlis: s. 225,
(11) Rûh'ül Meânî: 21/83,
(12) Rûh'ül Beyan: 7/73,
(*) Lokman’ın Nebiliği konusuna dair
bakınız: Lokman Hekim'in Hakîkî Hüviyeti, s. 9-18,
— 89 —
11- Abdullah
b. Mes'ud anlatıyor:
Resûlullah, hurma dalından bir değneye
dayanıyordu. Birkaç yahûdîye rastladı. Yahûdîler birbirlerine:
— "Ona rûhu
sorunuz" dediler.
Bazısı:
— "Ona bir şey
sormayınız. Belki sorduğunuz şey hakkında hoşlanmayacağınız bir şey
söyler", ve bazıları ise:
— "Muhakkak
soracağız" dediler.
Peygamberimiz, susup durdu. Ben kendi
kendime:
— "Ona herhalde
bu hususta vahiy geliyor.." diyerek yanından ayrıldım. Vahiy hali
sıyrılınca:
— "SANA RUH'DAN
SORUYORLAR. ONLARA DEKİ:
RUH RABBİMİN EMRİNDEDİR. SİZE BU HUSUSTA
PEK AZ BİR İLİM VERİLMİŞTİR” İsrâ Sûresi 85'inci âyetini okudu.
Bunun üzerine Yahûdî âlimlerinden
bazıları, Peygamberimize gelerek:
— "Yâ Muhammed!
Size rûh hakkında pek az bir bilgi verilmiştir. Sözünle bizi mi, yoksa kavmini
mi kastediyorsun?" dediler.
Peygamberimiz:
— "Bütününüzü.!"
dedi.
Yahûdî âlimleri:
— "Senin rûh
hakkında okuduğun, ancak sana gelendir, sana aittir. Bize verilmiş olan
Tevrat'ta ise, her şey tafsilâtı ile bildirilmiştir" dediler.
— 90
Peygamberimiz:
— "Size Allah
tarafından verilenler, Allah’ın ilmi yanında pek az kalır. Yanınızdaki size
bile yetmez" dedi.
Sonra bu hususta Lokman Sûresinin 27'nci
âyeti nâzil oldu..(,3)
* * *
İbn-i İshak, Atâ b. Yesâr'dan anlatıyor:
Rûh hakkında "Size rûh'dan az bir
ilim verilmiştir.." âyeti Mekke'de nâzil olmuştu. Peygamberimiz Medine'ye
hicret edince; Yahûdî âlimleri geldiler ve dediler ki:
— "Yâ Muhammed!
Size rûh hakkında pek az bir bilgi verilmiştir., sözünle bizi mi yoksa kavmini
mi kastediyorsun?".
Peygamberimiz:
— "Hepinizi
kastediyorum.." dedi. Yâhûdî âlimleri ile Peygamberimiz arasında yukarıda
geçen konuşma tekrarlandı ve bunun üzerine:
Lokman Sûresinin 27'nci âyeti nâzil oldu.(14)
1 2- Ibn
Waki narrates:
My father narrated from Ebû'l-Eşheb, who
in turn reported from Halit El-Rab'î:
"Luqman was an Abyssinian servant who
was a carpenter.
His master said to him:
- Slaughter a sheep. Bring me your
two most beautiful limbs.
Luqman; He brought his tongue and his
heart.
( 13) Tâc,
vol. 4, p. 164, 173, quoted from Bukhari, Muslim and Tirmidhi
( 14) Süyûtî,
Esbâb'ün-Nüzül, p. 45,
91
Then, after as much time as Allah willed,
his master said:
- Slaughter a sheep. “Bring me your
two worst parts,” he said.
Luqman brought his tongue and his heart.
To his master Luqman:
- I ordered: Slaughter a sheep and bring
me its two cleanest limbs.
You brought your tongue and your heart..
And I ordered again to slaughter a sheep
and bring me its two worst parts.
You brought your tongue and heart, what is
the reason for this? said.
Luqman; to his master:
—When they're good, there's nothing better
than these two.
"When they are bad, there is nothing
worse than these two," he replied. (15)
1 3- İbn-i
Ebi'd-Dunya, quoting from El-Fadl'ür-Rakkâşî, said:
"Luqman continued to give advice to
his son until his death." 06 '
1 4- The
following is stated in the hadith of Bara' recorded by Nasai:
Hazrat Bera' said:
( 15) Tafsir-i Tabari, c. 21,
s. 39-40, Tafsir-i Neysaburi, c. 21, s. 54, Tafsir-i Hâzin, c. 3,
s. 441, Tafsir-i Abu's-Suud, c. 7, s. 413, Tafsîr-i Rûh'ülBayân,
c. 7, s. 76,
Note: In the Tafsir of Hülasat'ül Beyan, the story "TONGUE AND
HEART" is written by Hz. David and Hz. It is stated that it took
place between Lokman Hekim, (aec 11, p. 416)
( 16) Tafsîr-i Alûsi, c. 6,
s. 476,
— 92
We were "performing the noon prayer behind the Prophet (salla'llāhu
'alayhi wa sallam) and hearing him reciting from the Surahs of Luqman and
Zāriyat, verse by verse."
Ibn Huzeyme also recorded something
similar from Hazrat Anas.
However, Hazrat Enes mentioned
"A'lâ" and "Gâşiye" instead of "Luqman" and
"Zâriyat" surahs/ 17 '
1 5- The
Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) said:
"Whoever recites the Surah Luqman,
Luqman will be his friend on the Day of Judgment. And he will be given ten
times the reward of good deeds than those given to those who do good and avoid
evil, and a reward will be written for him." 08 '
1 6- The Messenger
of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) said:
"Lokman Hekim, when something is
entrusted to Allah, Allah preserves it if He wishes."
This hadith was narrated by Ahmed Ibn
Hambel from Ibn Omar (RA) in his Musnad/ 19 '
1 7- While
giving a sermon to his son, Luqman addressed himself as follows:
-— Oh my son! Don't pull your
headscarf down over your face. Because this frightens people at night and
humiliates them during the day/ 20 '
1 8- From Abu
Darda (RA):
One day, Lokman Hakim was mentioned and
the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) said:
( 17) Bülûğ'ül-Meram, vol. 1
second. 326, S. Müslim Translation and Commentary: c. 3,
p. 1412,
( 18) Mecmûat'üt
Tefâsîr, vol. 5, p. 70.
( 19) Cami'üs
Sağır, vol. 1 second. 96,
( 20) Ramuz'ul
Ehadis, vol. 1 second. 409, Hadith No: 4112,
93 —
"Loqman Hekîm was given neither
property, nor haseb, nor hisâl... none of these, but wisdom was given to him.
He was a man who was silent most of the time, immersed in contemplation, and
deep-sighted.
He never slept during the day...
No one saw him spitting and defiling the
ground...
He doesn't engage in unnecessary things,
doesn't talk or laugh unnecessarily...
However, if he saw some benefit in his
speech, he would speak wise words.
Lokman Hekîm is a person who was married
and had children. " (21)
1 9- According
to Ikrime's narration from Cabir (RA), the Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu
aleyhi wa sallam) said:
"Lokman was Nebi (Kane Lokman'ü
Nebiyyen)" he said/ 22 '
2 0- From Ibn
Omar (RA):
The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu
'alayhi wa sallam): "The keys of the unseen are five," he said and
(Innallahe indehü ilmü's-saati..) He recited the 34th verse of Luqman
Surah. (23)
Commentator Elmalı also narrated a similar
hadith to this hadith:
"According to what is narrated, a man
named Harith Ibn-i Omar came to His Holiness the Messenger of Allah
(salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam):
— "O Muhammad, when will the apocalypse
come? Our towns are tired of drought, when will abundance (rain) arrive?"
( 21) Ibn-i Kasir Tafsiri: 1/911,
( 22) Tabari
Tafsir, Surah Luqman, vol. 4.
( 23) Mecmûat'üt
Tefâsîr: 5/70,
— 94
Man? I made my wife
pregnant, what will she give birth to? I know what I earned today, what
will I gain tomorrow? "I know where I was born, but where will I
die?" he said, and this verse (34th verse of Luqman Surah) was
revealed for this reason.
In the hadith of Menawî Kebir Sharhi'nde
ki:
"No one other than Allah knows the
keys of the unseen, that is, these five things, both in general and in part, in
terms of their scope and scope."
(The True Religion of the Quran:
6/3852-3853)
2 1- Muhammad
b. Fazıl, Muhammed b. Jafar; Ibrahim b. Yusuf, Sufyan,
Davud b. Şabur, Şehr b. According to a narration transmitted through
Havşeb, Luqman said to his son:
- "My son! If you see a people who
remember Allah, sit with them.
If you are a scholar, your knowledge will
be useful to you.
If you are ignorant, they will teach you
something.
It is possible that Allah Almighty will
cause the sun of mercy to shine on them;
It will hit you too.
If you see a people who do not remember
Allah, do not sit with them.
Even if you are a scholar, your knowledge
will not be useful to you.
If you are ignorant, your batman
increases.
If Allah Almighty looks at them with
resentment;
You too will suffer from this
resentment." (24)
( 24) Samarkandi:
Tanbih'ul Gâfilîn, Ilim Meclislerinin fazileti, p. 478,
— 95 —
2 2- Abu
Umamah (RA) narrates:
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
"Do not sell women who sing, and do
not buy them. Also, do not teach them songs (things like folk songs) and do not
train them. There is no good in their trade, and their money is haram, just as
buying and selling is haram," he said. Surah Luqman:
"There are many among the people who
indulge in (invented) nonsense (songs, folk songs, Persian and Greek tales) in
order to lead astray from the path of Allah without knowledge and to make that
path a pastime. To them (yes) their (deserve) is a despising torment." He
conveyed (announced) that the verse had been revealed/ 25 '
Abu Hurayra (RA) narrates:
One day, the Messenger of Allah (peace be
upon him) went out among the people. At that moment a man came and said:
- O Messenger of Allah! What is
faith? asked. The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam):
"It means believing in Allah, His
angels, His book, meeting Allah and His prophets, and the final
resurrection," he said. Man:
- O Messenger of Allah! What is
Islam? said. The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam):
He said, "Islam is to worship Allah,
not to associate anything with Him, to perform the obligatory prayer, to pay
the obligatory zakat and to fast in Ramadan." Man:
- O Messenger of Allah! What is
Ihsan? said. The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam):
( 25) Tâc,
quoted from Tirmidhi: 4/202,
— 96
- "Ihsan: It means
worshiping Allah as if you see Him. Because even if you do not see Him, He
definitely sees you."
Man:
- O Messenger of Allah! When will the
apocalypse occur? asked.
The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu
'alayhi wa sallam):
" In this matter, the one
who is asked is not more knowledgeable than the one who asks. But let me tell
you one of its signs:
Whenever a slave girl gives birth to her
owner, this is one of the signs of Doomsday. Whenever a naked, barefoot
group becomes the leader of people, this is one of its signs. Whenever
goat shepherds compete with each other by building tall buildings, this is one
of its signs. "When the Doomsday will come is among the five unseen
things that no one knows except Allah." he said.
After this, Prophet Muhammad (peace be
upon him) read the 34th verse of Luqman Surah. (26)
Our late teacher Ahmed Davudoğlu says in
the explanation of this hadith:
"In the hadith, belief in meeting
Allah and belief in resurrection are mentioned together. What is meant by this
is controversial among scholars. According to some, meeting Allah is possible
by passing away to the afterlife. Resurrection comes after that. It will happen
on the Day of Judgment. According to some others, belief in Allah is possible.
The reunion will happen after the resurrection, while giving account..."
( 26) A.
Davudoğlu: Sahîh-i Müslim Translation and Commentary: 1/125, Tecrîd-i Sarîh
Translation: 1/58, Hadith No: 47,
F:7
97 —
The sentence "Islam: Worshiping Allah
and not associating anything with Him..." is a literal translation of the
description in the first part of the hadith...
The command of our Prophet, Fahr-i
Universe (salla'llāhu alaihi wa sallam), after worshiping Allah: "Do not
associate anything with Him..." is to reject the worship of the
unbelievers. Because unbelievers worship Allah in appearance; But
they also considered idols as partners of him.
Worship: It is obedience done with
humility. According to a possibility, what he means here is to know Allah
and acknowledge His unity. In this case, attributing prayer, alms and
fasting to him is to include them in the definition of Islam...
The verse recited by the Messenger of
Allah (peace be upon him) is at the end of Surah Luqman. There is no one
other than Allah who knows the five things mentioned in this verse. They
call them "Mugayyebat-ı Hams". The five things mentioned are:
1 . When will the
apocalypse come?
2 . When will it
rain,
3 . What will
pregnant women give birth to?
4 . Who will win what
tomorrow?
5 . It's a matter of
who will die where.
In this regard, Abu Bakr Ibn'al-Arabi said
the following:
"No one can claim to know one of
these obstacles. If a person says: -It will rain tomorrow, or this will happen
tomorrow, he becomes an unbeliever. And let him rely on a sign in the matter of
rain. Because Allah Almighty has not created a sign for any of them other than
the Doomsday. Claiming that I know what happens in the uterus is the same. It
turns out that he is relying on experience in this regard. For example, the
doctor says: "If the weight is on the right side or if the breasts are at
the ends.
—98 —
If the child is black,
the child is a boy; Otherwise, a girl will be born."
But saying there will be a solar eclipse
tomorrow is not like that. Because solar eclipses can be known by
calculation. However, because it would bring suspicion to the common
people, our scholars said: "Such people can be disciplined."
In short, predictions based on knowledge
and experience cannot be considered as absolute science/ 27 '
2 4- The
hadith narrated by Abu Hurayra (RA) from another school in Muslim is as
follows:
Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam):
— "Ask me!" said.
Companions were afraid to ask him
anything. Then a man came and sat next to the Prophet's (sallallahu alaihi
wa sallam) knees and said:
— "O Messenger
of Allah! What is Islam?" said. The Messenger of Allah
(salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam):
He said , "You do not
associate anything with Allah, you perform the prayer, you pay the alms, and
you observe Ramadan." Man:
"You said it right , " he
said. (Again):
"You said it right , " he said, (and):
( 27) Muslim
Commentary: 1/127,
99 —-
' -— "O Messenger of Allah! What is
ihsan?" asked. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him):
"It means that
you fear Allah as if you see Him. Because even if you do not see Him,
He certainly sees you," he said. That person again:
"You said it
right , "
he said. (This time):
— "O Messenger of
Allah! When will the Doomsday come?" said. Messenger of Allah
(salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam):
" In this matter, the one
who is asked is not more knowledgeable than the one who asks. But let me tell
you about its signs: If you see the woman giving birth to her master, this is
one of the signs of the apocalypse. If you see the barefoot, naked, deaf and
dumb people becoming the rulers of the earth, this is also one of its signs.
They build the shepherds of lambs and kids." "If you see yourself
racing to do it, this is one of its signs. When the Doomsday will come is among
the five unseen things that no one knows except Allah."
After this, the Messenger of Allah
(sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) recited the following verse:
"Knowing when the apocalypse will
come is undoubtedly reserved for Allah. He sends down the rain; He knows what
happens in the wombs. No one knows what he will earn tomorrow. No one knows
where he will die. Indeed, Allah knows best and is most informed." (Surah
Luqman, verse: 34)
Abu Hurayra said:
Then that person got up and left. Afterwards,
the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
" Bring that man back to
me," he said.
The man was immediately
investigated. But they couldn't find him. Thereupon, the Messenger of
Allah (peace be upon him) said:
- one hundred -
"He is Gabriel.
He wanted you to learn. Because you did not ask , " he said.' 28 '
It is stated in the commentary of the hadith:
"The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu
'alayhi wa sallam) said: "Ask me!" because he was bored with the
companions. Because the companions had asked many questions. In fact, the
Prophet (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said that some of them wanted to leave
him in a difficult position. When he felt that they were asking questions about
him, he became angry and his face turned red. In this state of sorrow and
disgust, he said to them:
"Ask me, ask me!
I swear , as
long as I am in this place, I will tell you whatever you ask me..." he
said.
Companions were afraid of this. Regarding
the issue of questioning, the one hundred and first verse of Surah al-Maidah
was revealed. Nobody asks questions anymore. At that time, His
Holiness Almighty sent Jibril (peace be upon him) to teach people their
religion.
The hadith indicates the following provisions:
A learned person can order people to ask
him for the information they need. If they don't ask, he can give them
training. Because Jibril Aleyhisselam did so.
What is meant by the deaf and mute people
mentioned in the hadith: They are ignorant and immoral people. Because
such people do not know how to benefit from the organs that God has given them,
such as the ear and the tongue, they are almost deaf and mute. The meaning
is this:
"One of the signs of the apocalypse
is that a small group of people will rule."
Some say this:
( 28) A.
DAVUDOĞLU: Sahîh-i Müslim Ter. and Commentary, vol. 1
second. 130,
— 101 —-
"Although they have interpreted it as
one of the signs of the apocalypse, the ruler's descent into the level of a
rabble by indulging in worldly pleasures, the first meaning is more correct.
Because there is no evidence in the hadith that the ruler later assumed this
title.
This hadith, narrated by Muslim from three
scholars, is famous as the "Hadith of Gabriel". " (29)
I believe that it would be appropriate to
add the following points to the commentary of the last two hadiths:
While His Holiness Allah Almighty sent
Gabriel Aleyhisselam to our Beloved Prophet to tell people the basic principles
of their religion such as faith, worship and morality, our Prophet, the
Honorable Universe (salla'llâhu aleyhi ve sallam), said to Gabriel
Aleyhisselam:
— "Islam: Worshiping
Allah and not associating anything with Him..."
— "Giving information
about the five unseen news (Mugayyebati hams)...", .
"The fact that he recited the
thirty-fourth verse of the Luqman Surah..." is worthy of consideration.
Our thinking should be much more developed
when we remember the first advice that Luqman Aleyhisselam gave to his son:
"My child! Do not associate partners with Allah! Because polytheism is a great
oppression. "
The Hadith of Jibril shows that the path
of Gabriel, who brought the Islamic Religion to the Messenger of Allah,
is; He also visited Luqman Aleyhisselam...
( 29) Muslim Commentary: 1/130,
( 30) Surah Luqman, verse: 13,
— 102 —
2 5- Hâris and
Hatîb, in Kitabii'n-Nücûm, Abdullah b. Avf b. From Ahmer:
"Ali b. Ebû Talib (RA) was returning
from Anbar and going to Nehirvan, while Konuk b. Avf b. Ahmer said to him:
—-Yâ Emirel-mü’ıninin! Bu saatten yola
çıkma. Yola çıkmak istiyorsan, -günde üç saatin adını vererekbu saatlerden
birinde çık. Şayet bu saatte çıkarsan senin ve arkadağlarının baş’ına büyük bir
belâ gelir. Ve şayet dediğim saatlerden birinde çıkarsan zafer ve başarı elde
edersin ve aradağını bulursun dedi.
Ali Radıyallahü anh:
— Ne Muhammed Sallallahü Aleyhi
Vesellem'in müneccimi vardı, ne de O'ndan sonra bizim olacaktır. Şu atımın
karnında ne var biliyor musun? dedi. Misafir b. Avf:
— Hesab edersem bilirim, dedi. Ali:
— Kim, senin bu sözüne inanırsa Kur'ân’ı
yalanlamış olur. Cenab-ı Allah:
"Kıyamet saatini bilmek, ancak Allah'a mahsustur,
Yağmuru O indirir,
Rahimlerde bulunanı O bilir,
Kimse yarın ne kazanacağını ve nerede
öleceğini bilemez.
Her şeyi bilen, her şeyden haberi olan yalnız
Allah'dır" meâlindeki Lokman Sûresi otuzdördüncü âyetini okumuştur/30
26- İbn-i Cerîr, Seyf
yoluyla Bedr b. Osman'dan, Bedr de amcasından:
(31) M.
Yusuf Kandehlevî: Hayâtü's-Sahâbe: 4/544, Yaylacık Mat. İst. 1980,
— 103 —
"Osman b. Avfan Radıyallahü Anh,
arkadaşları olan şûra üyeleri tarafından halîfe seçildikten sonra dışarı çıktı.
Son derece üzgün ve yüzü solgundu. Resûlüllah (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve sellem)'in
minberine çıkıp önce Allah'a hamd ve sena ettikten, Allah'ın Resûlüne de salât
ve selâm getirdikten sonra şöyle dedi:
— Siz geçici bir hayat evinde bulunuyor ve
ömrünüzün geri kalan kısmını bekliyorsunuz. Şu halde henüz ölüm gelmemişken
yapabileceğiniz işlerin en faydalısını yapmaya acele ediniz. Bir bakarsınız ki,
beklenmedik bir saatte yakalanırsınız. Unutmayın ki, bu dünya bir yalan ve
aldatma temeli üzerine kurulmuştur:
"Dünya hayatı sakın sizi aldatmasın.
Allah'ın afvına güvendirerek şeytan sizi ayartmasın..." meâlindeki Lokman
Sûresi otuz üçüncü âyetini okudu. "Sizden önce geçen kimselerin hâlinden
ibret alın. Sonra çalışın ve gaflete düşmeyin..." dedi.(32)
27- İbn-i
Cerîr, Ürve ile başkalarından:
Ömer b. Hattâb Radıyallahü anh bir
hutbesinde:
"Şüphe yoktur ki, Cenab-ı Hak
kendisine şükretmenizi hak etmiş ve istediğiniz halde size ihsan ettiği dünya
ve âhiret şerefinden dolayı ona ibadet etmeniz için sizden söz almıştır. Siz
yok iken, kendisine, ibadet etmeniz için yaratan Allah, sizi yarattıklarının
en âdisi olarak yaratabilirdi. Halbuki O, öyle yapmamış, bilâkis her şeyi
sîzler için yaratmış ve sizi kendinden başka hiçbir şey için yaratmıştır:
"Allah, göklerde ve yerde olan
herşeyi buyruğunuz altına vermiş, nîmetlerini açık ve gizli olarak size bolca
ihsan etmiş" (Lokman: 31 /20) karada, denizde çeşitli taşıtlar
verniş ve kendine şükredesiniz diye sizi güzel şeylerle rızıklandırmıştır.
(32) Aynı
eser: 4/272,
— 104 —
Bunlardan başka size göz kulak da
vermiştir. Allah size verdiği nimetlerden bir kısmını yalnız sizin dininizde
olanlara bahşetmiştir. Bu nimetlerden, husûsî ve umûmî olanları sizin
devletinize, sizin zamanınıza ve sizin neslinize inhisar etmiş bulunmaktadır.
Şayet sizin herhangi birinize verilen bu nimetlerden sadece bir tanesi
yeryüzündeki insanlar arasında bölüştürülse, onun şükrünü ödemekten aciz
kalacaklar ve ağırlığı altında ezilip ayağa kalkamayacaklardı. Üstelik,
Allah'ın en büyük nimeti olan, Allah'a ve O'nun Resûlü'ne îman, size nasip
olmuştur. Siz Allah'ın yeryüzünde halîfesi bulunuyorsunuz. Bütün insanlık,
size boyun eğmektedir. Allah, dininizin yardımcısıdır...
İşte bunun için, Allah'ı hiçbir zaman
hatırınızdan çıkarmamanızı, O'nun üzerinizdeki hakkını tanıyıp ona göre
davranmanızı, nimetlerine sevinirken, sizden geri alınır ihtimaliyle korku
içinde bulunmanızı tavsiye ederim. Zira nimeti küçümseyip kadrini bilmemek
kadar, nimetin elden çabuk gitmesine sebep olan bir şey yoktur. Nimete karşı
şükretmek ise, nimetin devamını hattâ daha çoğalmasını sağlar. İşte size yapmak
istediğim tavsiyelerim bunlardır" dedi/33’
28- İbn-i Ebû Hatim'in babası
kanalıyla... Esseriyy İbn-i Yahya'dan rivâyetinde o, şöyle demiştir: Lokman oğluna:
— "Oğulcuğum! Şüphesiz hikmet
yoksulları kıralların meclisine oturtur." demişti/34’
29- Yine İbn-i Ebû Hatim'in
babası kanalıyla... Hafs İbn-i Ömer (R.A.)den rivâyetine göre o şöyle anlatmış:
(33) Hayatii's-Sahâbe: 4/262,
(34) İbn-i Kesir Tefsiri: 12/6408, Çağrı Yayınları,
İstanbul-1986.
— 105 —
"Lokman yanma bir hardal tanesi koydu
ve oğluna öğüt vermeğe başladı. Her bir öğütte bir hardal tanesi çıkarıyordu.
Nihayet hardallar tükendi ve: Oğulcağızım! Sana o kadar öğüt verdim ki, şayet
bu öğütler bir dağa verilseydi dağ yarılırdı, dedi. Oğlu gerçekten bu öğütleri
aldı."’35’
Lokman’ın oğluna verdiği öğütlerle ilgili
Hafız Ebu Bekir İbni Ebû Dünya bu konuda başlı başına bir kitap te'lîf
etmiştir. Biz onlardan bazılarını zikretmekle yetiniyoruz:
30- İbn-i Ebû Dünya der ki: Bize
İbrahim İbn-i Münzir'in Enes b. Malik'ten rivâyetine göre o, Allah resûlü
(salla’llâhü aleyhi ve sellem)nü şöyle buyururken işitmiş:
"Nice saçı başı dağınık, iki eski
elbiseye bürünmüş kimseler vardır ki, insanların kapılarından
uzaklaştırılırlar. Halbuki Allah'a yemin etmiş olsa Allah onu yemininde doğru
çıkarırdı."
İbni Ebû Dünya hadisi ayrıca Ca'fer İbn-i
Süleyman kanalıyla Enes'den, o da Hz. Peygamber (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve
sellem)den rivâyetle zikretmiştir. Bu rivâyette şu fazlalık vardır: "Bera
İbn-i Mâlik onlardandır."’36’
31- Halil İbn-i Ahmed de
şöyle demiştir:
"Allahım, beni katında
yarattıklarının en üstünlerinden, kendi nefsimde yaratıklarının en düşüğünden,
insanlar katında da yaratıklarının orta halli onlarmdan kıl."’37’
32- İbn-i Ebû Dünya der
ki: Bize Ahmed b. İsâ ElMısrî'nin Enes'den, Onun da Allah Resûlü (salla’llâhü
aleyhi ve sellem)den rivâyetine göre o şöyle buyurmuş:
(35) İbn-i Kesir: 12/6408,
(36) İbn-i Kesir: 12/6410,
(37) İbn-i Kesir: 12/6411,
— 106 —
"Allah'ın korudukları müstesna olmak
üzere dini veya dünyası konusunda kişiyi insanların parmaklarıyla göstermeleri
kötülük olarak yeter. Şüphesiz Allah, sizin süratlerinize bakmaz, fakat O,
sizin kalblerinize ve amellerinize bakar."
Hadîsin bir benzeri İshak b. Behlûl
kanalıyla Câhir b. Abdullah'dan merfu' olarak rivâyet edilmiştir/38’
33- Hz. Ali (R.A.)den:
Rivâyete göre o, şöyle demiş:
"Meşhur olman için başlama, anılmak
için şahsını yükseltme. Öğren ve gizle. Sus ki, selâmete eresin. Böyle yaparsan
iyileri sevindirmiş, günahkârları da öfkelendirmiş olursun."
34- İbrahim b. Edhem -Allah ona
rahmet eylesinder ki:
"Şöhreti seven kimse, Allah'ın ihlaslı
kulu değildir."
35- Eyyub der ki: "Kul
ancak yerinin hissedilmemesi, kendisini sevindirdiği takdirde Allah'ın sadık
kuludur."
36- Ali İbn el-Ca'd'in Ebû
Recâ'dan rivâyetinde o şöyle demiş:
"Talha kendisiyle beraber yürüyen bir
topluluk gördü de: Bunlar, tamah (tamahkâr) sinekleri ve ateş kelebekleridir."
37- İbrahim Nehaî der ki:
"Fakihler içinde meşhur olan ve beyinsizlerin seni küçük görecekleri
elbiseleri giyme."09’
38- Bize Halid b. Hıdaş'ın
Hammad'dan, onun da Ziyadî'nin arkadaşı Ebû Hasene’den rivâyetine göre o şöyle
demiş:
(38) İbn-i Kesir: 12/6512,
(39) İbn-i Kesir: 12/6412,
— 107 —
"Biz Ebû Kılâbe'nin yanındaydık.
Üzerinde çuldan elbiseler olan birisi yanına girdi. Ebû Kılâbe: Şu anıran
eşekten uzak durunuz dedi."
39- Haberlerde varid
olduğuna göre Hz. Musa Aleyhisselâm, İsrailoğullarına şöyle demiş: "Size
ne oluyor ki, kalbleriniz kurt kalbleri ve üzerinizde ruhban elbiseleri
olduğu halde bana geliyorsunuz? Kralların elbiselerini giyin. Allah korkusuyla
kalblerinizi yumuşatın."
40- Nuh İbn-i Abbad
kanalıyla... Enes'den merfu' olarak rivâyete göre şöyle buyuruluyor:
"Kul ibadeti az olduğu halde, güzel
ahlâkı ile âhiret derecelerine ve şerefli mevkilere ulaşır. Âbid (ibadetine
düşkün) olduğu halde kötü huyları ile cehennemin en alt derecelerine varır.
"(40)
41. Sinan İbn-i Harun kanalıyla Enes'den
merfu' olarak rivâyete göre şöyle buyuruluyor:
"Güzel ahlâk, dünya ve âhiret
hayırlarını toplayıp götürmüştür."
42- İbn el-Ca'd kanalıyla
Kureyş'den birisinden rivâyet edildiğine göre Allah Resûlü (salla’llâhü aleyhi
ve sellem) şöyle buyurmuş:
"Allah katında kötü ahlâktan daha
büyük bir günah yoktur. Şüphesiz güzel ahlâk, güneşin buzu erittiği gibi
günahları eritir. Kötü ahlâk ise sirkenin balı bozduğu gibi ameli ifsad edip
bozar. "(41)
43- Abdullah b. Galib'in
Ebû Said'den merfu' olarak rivâyetinde şöyle buyurulur: "İki huy vardır
ki, bir müminde toplanmaz: Cimrilik ve kötü ahlâk."
(40) İbn-i Kesîr: 12/6413,
(41) İbn-i Kesîr: 12/6414,
— 108 —
44- Alkame'nin îbn-i Mes'ud'dan
merfu' olarak rivâyetine göre şöyle buyurulmuş: "Kalbinde tane ağırlığı
kibir olan kimse cennete giremez. Kalbinde tane ağırlığı îman olan kimse de
ateşe (cehenneme) girmez."
45- Haşan der ki: "Âdem
oğluna şaşılır: Günde iki kere eliyle pisliğini yıkar, sonra da büyüklenip
göklerin cebbarına karşı çıkmaya kalkar."
46- Yunus b. Ubeyd der ki:
"Secde ile beraber kibir, tevhîd ile beraber münafıklık yoktur."
47- İbn-i Ebû Leylâ'dan, onun
İbn-i Büreyde'den, onun da babasından merfu' olarak rivâyetinde şöyle buyurulur:
"Kim böbürlenerek elbisesini yerde sürürse, Allah Teâlâ ona rahmet
nazarıyla bakmaz."’42’
48- Taberanî, Atâ el-Horasânî
tarîkiyle Sâbit b. Kaysîn kızından naklediyor: "Cenab-ı Hak Peygamberine:
— "Allah kendini beğenip
övünenleri kat'iyyen sevmez" meâlindeki (Lokman Sûresi onkesizinci)
âyet-i kerîmeyi indirince, babam Sâbit b. Kays evine kapanıp kapıyı arkadan
kilitledi ve ağlayıp sızlanmaya başladı. Ashab, onun bu durumunu Peygamber
(salla’llâhü aleyhi ve sellem) Efendimize bildirdiler. Peygamber (S.Â.V.)
Efendimiz, sebebini öğrenmek için babamın yanma adam yolladı. Babam adama:
— Cenab-ı Hak, kendini beğenip öğünenleri
sevmez... Oysa ben, güzelliği ve kavmine büyüklük etmeyi seven bir kimseyim,
dedi.
Peygamber (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve sellem)
Efendimiz:
— "Sen bu âyet-i kerîmenin
hükmü altına girmiyorsun. Sen iyilik için yaşayan, iyilik içinde ölen ve
nihayet cennete giren bir kimsesin" diye ona haber gönderdi.’4”
(42) İbn-i Kesir,
12/6414-15,
(43) Hayatü's -Sahabe: 2/539,
— 109 —
22 nolu Ebû Ümame hadîsiyle işaret
edildiği üzere Lokman Sûresi 6'ncı âyetinin metninde geçen "Lehvel
Hadîs"in tefsirine dair rivâyetler:
49- Tefhîm’ül
Kur'ân Tefsirinde İbn-i Hişam'dan naklen deniliyor ki:
"İbn-i Hişam İbn-i İshak'a dayanarak
rivâyet eder ki, Mekke müşrikleri ellerinden geleni yapmalarına rağmen Hz.
Peygamberim mesajının yayılmasını engelleyemeyince Nadir bin Hâris Kureyşlilere
şunları söyledi:
"Bu adama karşı çıkma yolunuz sizi
bir yere götürmez. O sizin aranızda yaşamakta. Şimdiye dek ahlâken en iyi
olanınızdr, aranızda yaşayan en doğru, en dürüst ve emin kişi oldu daima. Siz
tutmuş, O'nun bir kâhin, sihirbaz, şair ve mecnun olduğunu söylüyorsunuz. Kim
inanır buna? Ahalî, bir kâhin nasıl konuşur bilmiyor mu? Bir şairin, bir
mecnunun halini tefrik edemez mi? Bu ithamları Muhammed (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve
sellem)'e yamayabilirsiniz ki halkın dikkatini ondan kaçırabilesiniz. Bakın!
Ben size Onunla nasıl başedeceğinizi söyleyeyim."...
Sonra Mekke'den ayrılıp Irak'a gitti ve
oradan İran kisraları, Rüstem ve Isfendiyar'la ilgili masalları, hikâyeleri,
ustûreleri derlemeyi başarıp halkın dikkatini Kur'ân'dan ayırmak ve onları
masallar içinde uyutmak için masal anlatma partileri düzenlemeye başladı. (İbn-i
Hişam: 1/320-321)
Aynı rivâyet, Esbab-ı Nüzûl adlı kitapta
Kelbî ve Mukatil'e dayanarak Vakıdî tarafından nakledilmiştir.
Ve İbn-i Abbas'a göre Nadir bu amaçla
şarkıcı kızlar da getirmişti. Bir kimsenin Hz. Resûl (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve
sellem)'in etkisi altına girdiğini işittiğinde, o şarkıcı bir kızı şöyle bir
talimatla ona musallat ederdi:
— 110 —
"Onu yedir, içir, şarkınla öyle bir
ağırla da diğer taraftan kopup seninle hemhal olsun..."
Bu kötülük odaklarının her devirde baş
vurmakta olduğu aynı araçtı. Kötülüğün bu elebaşıları sıradan insanları
kültür adı altında eğlence, spor ve müzikle öylesine oyalarlar ki, hayatın
ciddî problemlerine eğilmek için hiç zaman ve istekleri kalmaz. Ve bu
boşvermişlik duygusu içinde sürüklenmekte oldukları felâketi hissetmezler
bile."
50- Abdullah b. Mes'ûd'a
şöyle soruldu:
— "Bu âyetteki Lehv
el-Hadîş'in manası ne?"
İbn-i Mes'ûd üç kere tekrarla şöyle cevap
verdi:
— "Vallahi o şarkı
söylemektir."
(İbn-i Cerîr, İbn-i Ebî Şeybe, Hakim,
Beyhakî)
Benzer rivâyetler, Abdullah İbn-i Abbas,
Cabir bin Abdullah, Mücahid, İkrime, Said bin Cübeyr, Haşan Basrî ve Makhül
gibi âlimlerden de nakledilmiştir.
51- İbn-i Cerîr, İbn-i Ebî
Hatim ve Tirmizî Hz. Ebû Umame'ye dayanarak Hz. Resûl'ün (salla’llâhü aleyhi ve
sellem) şöyle dediğini rivâyet etmektedir:
"It is haram to sell, buy, trade
singer girls and make money from them."
In another narration, this last sentence
is:
It reads, "And it is haram to eat the
money earned from it."
5 2- Another
narration from Abu Umama is as follows:
"Teaching music to concubines and
trading them is haram, and making money from them is also haram."
— 111 —
All of these three hadiths show that the
verse in which Lahv al-hadith is mentioned was sent down in such a context.
5 3- Kadı Ebû
Bekir İbn'ül Arabî, in his Ahkâm'ül Kur'an, states that Abdullah İbn-i Mubarak
and Imam Malik's Hz. He quotes a hadith he narrated from Enes: "The
Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said:
"Whoever listens to the song sung by
a singer girl (concubine) in a musical assembly, molten lead will be poured
into his ears on the afterlife." (44)
5 4- Ibn Abu
Hatim says: He told us that my father... In his narration from Avn Ibn
Abdullah, he explains as follows:
Luqman said to his son:
"My son! When you come to a place
where a people have gathered, shoot the arrow of Islam at them - that is, greet
them, then sit in a corner and do not speak unless you see them talking. If
they engage in the remembrance of Allah, join them. But if they engage in
another conversation, leave them and speak another word." Go to the
ground."
5 5Ebu Kasım et-Taberani says:
According to what Yahya Ibn Abdülbâkî
narrated from Ibn Abbas, the Messenger of Allah (salla'llâhu alaihi wa sallam)
said:
"Be friends with the Blacks
(Sudanese). Surely, three of them are among the masters of the people of
Paradise. These are:
— Luqman al-Hakim,
— Necaşi,
"And the Muezzin is Bilal."
( 44) Mevdudi; Tafhimul
Qur'an; 4/288-289, İnsan Yay. Ist. 1988,
— 112 —
Abu Qasim al-Tabarani says that the
Messenger of Allah meant Abyssinia by Sudan. 03 '
Some hadiths that he quotes in the work
titled "Advice and Wisdom of Hazrat Luqman to His Son", showing their
sources:
56Ibn Abi Hâtem narrates it from Ebû
Derdâ. The Prophet Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam said:
He said, "Wisdom is reading the Quran
and contemplating and thinking about the Quran." (Ruh'ül Maânî
lilalûsî: 1/491)
5 5- Abu
Nuaym narrates from Enes (RA) in his Hilya and Ibn Adiy Kamil. Our Prophet
Sallallahu Aleyhi Vesellem said:
"Wisdom increases the honor of the
sheriff and raises the rank of the slave. It has a place in the assemblies of
the kings (Heads of State)." (Câmi'us-Sağîr: 1/152)
In the description it is said:
"The most obvious example of this is
the story of Yusuf (peace be upon him). First, he was sold by his brothers as a
slave to the caravan for little money, and then by the caravan he was sold to
the person (Kitfir) who was handling the financial affairs of the state in
Egypt. While he was in his house as a slave, he was sold to the caravan. The
knowledge and wisdom he possessed brought Yusuf out of prison, where he was
imprisoned for a slander, and he became the Sultan of Egypt for many years, and
combined with this the honor of Prophethood..." 06 '
5 8- Ibn Adiy in
his book Kamil and Ibn Lal narrate it from Abu Hurayra (RA). Our Prophet
(peace be upon him ) said:
( 45) Interpretation of the Holy Quran with
Hadiths İbn Kesîr: 12/6409-6410,
( 46) Hz. Luqman's Advice and Wisdom to His
Son, p. 203,
113—
"Wisdom is ten parts. Nine of them
are in solitude (retreating to seclusion, not associating with people as much
as possible), and one is silent." (Câmi'us-Sağîr: 1/152)
5 9- In a
hadith narrated by Deylemî, our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
They said, "Take wisdom! No matter
what bag or container it comes out of. It will not cause any harm." (Künûzül
Hakâık: p.123)
6 0- Hakim and
Ibn-i Lâl narrated from Abdullah bin Mes'ud radıyallahu anh. Our Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
"The beginning of wisdom is the fear
of Allah." (Câmi'us-Sağîr: 2/20)
6 1- In a
hadith narrated by Ibn Omar (RA) in the Musnad of Imam Ahmed bin Hanbel, the
Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
"Loqman Hekîm said that when
something is entrusted to Allah, Allah preserves it if He wishes." (Câmi'usSağîr:
1/96)
— 114 —
C ) HZ. LOKMA'S
ADVICE AND WISDOM TO HIS SON
In the book titled "Advice and Wisdom
of Hazrat Lokman to His Son" written by Mehmet Öten, Lokman Hekim's wise
words and advice to his son are listed as follows - five verses and three
hadiths:
1 . "Remember
when Luqman said to his son while giving him advice:
"My son, do not associate partners
with Allah: Because shirk (associating partners with Allah) is certainly a
great oppression."®
2 . "My son,
even if the truth (goodness or evil) is the size of a mustard seed and is
(hidden) in a rock, or in the skies, or in the bottom of the earth, Allah will
bring it (put it before him in the afterlife and take account of it.) Because
Allah is subtle and fully aware."
3 . "My son!
Perform the prayer properly and continuously. Enjoin the good and try to
discourage the evil. Endure everything that happens to you (because of this
command and prohibition). Because each of these deeds is one of the great deeds
that are definitely assumed."
4 . "Do not be
arrogant and turn away from people. Do not walk on the earth in a spoiled
manner, for Allah does not love anyone who is arrogant or boastful."
( 1) Starting
from Adam (peace be upon him), all the Anbiya (peace be upon him) up to
Muhammad (peace be upon him) have struggled first to eliminate polytheism and
then to establish the existence and unity of Allah, that is, the belief in
monotheism, in humanity.
5 . "Be moderate
in your walking! Lower your voice a little (do not shout while speaking.
Because) the ugliest of sounds, (the most unpleasant, unpleasant and hateful
one) is the braying of donkeys." 12 '
6 . "My son!
Engage in the conversation of scholars. Listen to the words of physicians.
Because Allah Almighty revives dead hearts with the light of wise words and
grants them life, just as He gives life to the dead soil with abundant
rain." 0 '
7 . "My son!
Avoid covering your head and face. If you cover yourself during the day, you
will become famous. If you cover yourself at night, it will attract
suspicion." 14 '
8 . "My son! The
world is a deep sea. Many people have drowned in the sea of the world. So let
piety (fear of Allah) be your ship in the sea of the world. Let the solid
that fills the inside of that ship be your faith in Allah. You may be saved in
this surah. I do not think, so that you can be saved otherwise (I do not see
you as saved).” 15 '
9 . "My son! How
come these people are not afraid of what was promised to them? However, they
are deficient every day, that is, their lifespan is getting shorter day by
day." 16 '
1 0. "My son!
Take from the world enough to meet your needs. Do not devote yourself
completely to the world, it will harm the hereafter. Do not leave the world
completely, do not turn your back on it, you will become poor and become a
burden to others. Fast enough to break your lust. Do not fast enough to prevent
you from praying. Because "Prayer (supererogatory) is an act of
worship superior to fasting." 17 '
( 2) Luqman Surah, verse: 13, 16, 18,19,
( 3) Tergip ve Terhip: 1-33, Alusi Tafsiri:
1-491, Ramuz Sharhi: 3-543,
( 4) Arâis-ül-Mecalis: p. 205,
( 5) Arâis-ül-Mecalis:
205, Ihya: 3-179, Ramuz Sharhi: 3-543, Bereika: 324,
( 6) Arâis-ül Mecâlis: 205,
( 7) İhya: 4-56, Aynü'l ilm Commentary: 2/154,
— 116 —
1 1. "O my son!
Do not associate with fools, do not mingle with hypocritical people. (Do not
mix and meet with them)." (8)
1 2. "My dear
son! Do not learn knowledge to be a source of pride in the eyes of scholars. Do
not learn knowledge to fight and argue with brainless and stupid people. Not to
sing elegies (laments, poems) in assemblies. By aspiring to asceticism
(withdrawing from the world) and do not abandon knowledge in favor of
ignorance." (9)
1 3. "My son!
Consider the assemblies. If you see those who remember Allah, sit next to them.
Because if you are knowledgeable, your knowledge will be useful to you and will
help to increase it. If you are competent and worthy of knowledge, they will
teach you. Hopefully, with the mercy of Allah Almighty. It manifests itself to
them, and you will be among them and receive your share.
If you see another congregation not
remembering Allah, do not sit with them. If you are a knowledgeable
person, your knowledge will not benefit them. If you are ignorant, they
increase your ignorance. Allah Almighty will manifest His anger towards
them, and you will be among them and will be subjected to wrath."
1 4. "My son!
Whatever good you do, do it to someone who appreciates it. Just as there is no
friendship between wolves and sheep, there is no friendship between people who
do good and sinners.
Whoever loves to argue and becomes
addicted to it will be scolded and cursed at.
Anyone who enters the headquarters of evil
people (where they hang out) will be accused of evil. However, a person
who falls in love with bad peers will not be in peace and will not be saved
from trouble.
( 8) Ihya: 4-56,
( 9) Arâis-Ul Mecalis: 205,
— 117 —
"He who does not have his tongue will
be remorseful and regretful."
1 5. "My son! Be
a slave to good people, do not be friends with evil people."' 10 '
1 6. "My son!
Fear Allah. Even though your heart is sinful, do not show yourself to people as
pious (like those who avoid sins) so that they will show respect to
you."' 1 n
1 7. "My son! If
you raise your child well-behaved and well-mannered at a young age, you will
reap the benefits when he grows up."
1 8. "My dear
son! Do not make a request by turning your back on a task. Turn to it and ask
with intention. Acting in that way will be thoughtless and lacking in
intelligence."
1 9. "My son! If
you travel, do not be sure of the animal (vehicle) you ride on. Because being
safe will hasten disaster. This (not being sure about the animal) is not only
the ruler's job. But being in a place that will last a long time is different.
When you approach the stopping place, "Take off the animal's burden
quickly. Then give it its food before you."' 12 '
2 0. "My son! Do
not be more helpless than the rooster that crows in the morning. Because the
rooster remembers Allah with its crowing. However, you are sleeping in your bed
at that time."' 13 '
2 1. "My dear
son! Do not seek the affection of the ignorant. The ignorant person thinks that
you consent to what he does."
2 2. "My son! Do
not marry anyone other than your own. Your children will be saddened
forever."
( 10) Arâis'ül
Mecalis: 205,
( 11) Arâis'ül
Mecalis: 205, İhya: 3/291, Râmuz Commentary: 3/542,
( 12) Arâis'ül
Mecalis: 205,
( 13) Ramûz'ül
Ehâdis Commentary: 3/542, Mecmuat'üt Tefasir: 2/470,
— 118 —
2 3. "My son!
Keep him away from evil so that he stays away from you. Because evil was
created for evil people." 04 '
2 4. "My dear
son! Beware of lying. Lying corrupts your religion. Your guidance in the
presence of people will be diminished. In this case, your sense of shame will
decrease, you will lose your dignity and greatness, and you will be humiliated.
When you speak, no one will listen to you. When you say something, no one will
approve of you. Situation "When it comes to this, there is no point in
living anymore." 05 '
2 5. "My son! My
silence never made me regret or regret. Because: "If speech is silver,
silence is gold." 06 '
2 6. "O Son! Do
not delay your repentance. Because death comes to a person
suddenly." 07 '
2 7. "My child!
Become rich with halal earnings and get rid of poverty. Because the following
three characteristics affect the poor:
1 ) Religion weakens.
2 ) Weakness
begins in the mind.
3 ) His Mürüvvet (the
good qualities and humanity expected from him) disappears. The bigger and
worse of these three is the public mocking him.” 08 '
2 8. "My son!
Get together with the men of knowledge. Listen to the wise words of the wise
people, listen carefully. Because, just as Allah revives the dead soil with
abundant rain, He also revives the dead heart with the light of wisdom.
A person who tells a lie will have water
on his face (the feeling of shame disappears). The sorrow and
grief of a person with bad morals increases.
( 14) Ramuz
Sharhi: 3/542,
( 15) Arâis'ül
Mecalis: 205,
( 16) Kiss. Comments:
3/542,
( 17) İhya:
4/13, Ramûz Commentary: 3/542, Aynül İlim Commentary: 2/129,
( 18) İhya:
2/50 Tenbihül Muğterrin: 403, Şir'atül İslâm: 156,
— 119 —
Söz anlamayan beyinsizlere söz
anlatmaktan, koca taşı yerinden oynatmak daha kolaydır."09’
29. "Ey Oğulcağızım!
Cenazede bulun, düğün yemeklerine gitme. Çünkü cenazeler sana, âhireti hatırlatır.
Düğün toplantıları, dünyaya olan iştihanı çoğaltır."00’
30. "Ey Oğul! Cahil
kimseyi, (işin için) elçi olarak gönderme. Hakim birini bulamazsan, kendi
kendinin elçisi ol (kendi işini, kendin gör)."(2”
31. "Evlâdım! Kendini
unutup, başkalarına iyilikle emretme. O takdirde sen bir kandile benzersin ki,
o kandil başkalarını aydınlatmak için, kendi kendini yakar, bitirir."02’
32. "Ey Oğulcağızım!
İşlerden küçük olanları, hakir görme. Zira küçükler, zamanla büyürler."
33. "Oğulcağızım!
Yola çıkmak icap ettiğinde sakın akşamdan yola çıkma. Gece yarısından sabaha
kadar yolculuk iyidir. Kılıcın, mestlerin, sargın, bürüneceğin, tulumun, iğne
ve ipliğin, çuvaldızın beraberinde olsun. Sana ve yol arkadaşlarına faydalı
olacak ilâçları da yanında bulundur. Allah'a karşı olmayan işlerde,
arkadaşlarına faydalı olmaya çalış."(22)
34. "Ey Oğul! Sen takvâyı
(Allah korkusunu), sermayesiz kazanç sağlayan ticaret vasıtası yap."03’
35. "Oğlum! Bir hatâ
işlediğin zaman, bir ekmek parçası da olsa, sadaka ver."(24)
(19) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/543,
(20) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/542,
Tenbîhül Müğterrîn: 299,
(21) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/542,
(22) Arâis'ül Mecalis:
205,
(23) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/542,
(24) Tenbih'iil Müğterrîn:
301,
— 120 —
36. "Oğulcuğum! Ben taşı,
demiri yüklendim, kötü komşudan daha ağır bir yük taşımadım. Acıların hepsini
tattım, fakirlikten daha şiddetlisini görmedim."’25’
37. "Ey Oğlum! Her kavmin
köpeği vardır. Sen kavminin köpeği olma/"26’
38. "Oğulcağızım! O kadar
tatlı olma ki, halk seni yiyip yutmasınlar. O denli de acı olma ki,
ağızlarından atmasınlar. "(27)
39. "Ey oğlum!
Hasedçi için üç alâmet vardır:
1) Arkadaşını arkasından
çekiştirir.
2) Yüzyüze geldiklerinde
yaltaklanır.
3) Arkadaşının başına bir
felâket geldiğinde sevincinden şenlik yapar."
40. "Ey Oğulcuğum! Dünya
azdır. Senin ömrün, azdan (dünyadan) daha azdır. Şu hale göre, ömründen kalanı,
azdan daha da azdır."’28’
41. "Ey Oğul! Altın ateşle,
salih kişi de belâ ile denenir. Allah bir insan topluluğunu, sevdiğinde
belâlandırır. Allah'dan gelen razı olanlar için, Allah'ın rızası vardır.
Allah'dan gelen belâya kızanlar için de Allah'ın gazabı vardır."’29’
42. "Ey Oğlum! Sana bir
nimet geldiğinde kendinle Allah arasında, başkaca nimet veren birisini
hatırlama (onu Allah'dan bil). Allah'dan başkasının verdiğini, kendin için bir
ödenti, bir yük say."’30’
(25) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/543,
(26) Demîrî: Hayat'ül Hayvan: 2/248,
(27) Tarîkat-i Muhammediye Şerhi Berîka: 3/87,
(28) Arâis'ül Mecalis: 205,
(29) İhyâ: 4/138,
(30) İhyâ: 1/207,
—121 —
43. "Oğulcuğum!
Kötü kadından sakın, ihtiyarlık gelmeden önce seni kocatır. Kadınların
şerlilerinden de sakın. Zira onlar, hiçbir zaman hayra çağırmazlar. Kadınların
hayırlılarından da korun, ihtiyatlı bulun."00
44. "Oğulcuğum!
Ölüm ansızın gelmeden önce, ölüm için hazırlan. Ona ne zaman kavuşacağın belli
olmaz."02)
45. "Oğulcağızım!
Çok gülmekten sakın. Çok gülmek kalbi öldürür."033’
46. Lokman
Aleyhisselâm buyuruyor ki:
— "Ey Oğul! Ölü bir kalbi diriltmek
için on adet hikmetle amel etmek lâzımdır:
1) Fakir ve miskinlerle
beraber oturmak.
2) Dünyaya bağlı
kırallarm meclislerinden sakınmak; onlardan uzak olmak.
3) Düşkünlere yardım
elini uzatmak, onlarla hemhal olmak.
4) Köleleri azât edip
hürriyetlerine kavuşturmak.
5) Garipleri konuklamak.
6) Mal ile cömertlik edip
fakirleri zengin etmek.
7) İlmiyle âmil âlimlere
hürmet etmek.
8) Yaşlılara saygı
göstermek sûretiyle kendini sevdirmek.
9) Emr-i bilma'rûfu,
nehyi anilmünkeri harfiyyen uygulamak.
10) Ne cennet ümidi,
ne de cehennem korkusuyla ibadet etmek. (Belki ihlâs ile muhabbetüllah’dan
dolayı ibadet etmek.)"
(31) İhyâ: 2/37,
(32) İhyâ: 4/468,
(33) Umdetü'l Karî
fî Sahîh'il Buharî: 10/392,
„122 —
47. "Oğlum!
İnsanların kötüsünden Allah'a sığın; fakat iyilerinden de sakın."04’
Lokman Aleyhisselâm oğluna söyledi:
48. "Oğulcağızım! Üç
gerçek ancak üç şeyle bilinir:
1) Halim (yumuşak huylu
kişi), ancak öfkelendiği zaman, >
2) Kahraman (yiğit, cesûr
kimse), savaş meydanında,
3) Hakîkî kardeş ve gerçek
dost da, kendisine ihtiyaç hasıl olduğundan bilinir."05’
49. "Oğulcağızım!
— Eğer bir kimseyi kendine kardeş edinmek
istersen, kardeş olmadan önce onu, bir bahane ile öfkelendir. Nasıl davranacak
bak. Eğer o, öfkeli olduğu halde sana insaflı davranırsa, onu kardeşliğe kabul
et. Aksi takdirde onu bırak, ondan sakın."06’
50. Lokman Hakîm
Aleyhisselâm şöyle söyledi:
— "Oğlum! Sana yapacağım
tavsiyelerimi tutarsan, sen kavminin ulu kişisi olursun. Yakınlarına ve
uzaklarına karşı iyi ve yumuşak huylu kişiler gibi hareket et. İyilere,
kötülere cehlini bildirme. Arkadaşlarını koru. Hısım ve akrabayı ziyaret et.
Onlardan kov getirenlerin sözlerine bakma. Hısımlarını, öyle sözlerden
emniyette kıl (aranız açılmasın). Onlar aranızı bozmaya çalışırlar. Öyle arkadaşlar
edin ki, birbirinizden ayrıldığınız da ne sen onları, ne de onlar seni
ayıplasınlar, aleyhte konuşma olmasın."07’
51. "Oğulcağızım!
Yemeğini Allah'dan korkan kim-
(34) Selâmet
Mecmûası: 1/70,
(35) Kuşeyrî
Risalesi, s. 131, İhya: 3/155,
(36) Ramuz Şerhi:
3/543, Tenbîhül Muğterrîn: s. 223,
(37) İhyâ: 3/138,
— 123 —
selerle ye. îşini de
ancak âlimlerle müşavere et. (Fikir alışverişinde bulun.)”’38’
52. "Oğulcağızım!
Dilenmekle yüzünün suyunu dökme! Aleme rezîl olmak suretiyle öfkeni geçirtme.
Kendi kadrini (kıymetini) bil ki, yaşayışının sana faydası olsun."’39’
53. "Oğulcağızım!
Elbiseleri eski olduğu için, kimseyi hakîr görme. Zira onun da senin de
Rabbiniz birdir."’40’
54. "Oğulcağızım!
Uyuduğun gibi ölür, uykudan uyandığın gibi kabrinden kalkarsın. Daima iyi
amelde bulun ki, uykun ve uyanışın gelininki gibi olsun.
Sakın kötü amelde bulunma! Aksi halde
uyandığın zaman kendini, padişahın idamına ferman çıkardığı bir mücrimin
korkusu içinde bulursun."’41’
55. "Ey Oğul! Dilini
"Allah'ım beni mağfiret eyle, beni bağışla" demeye alıştır. Çünkü
Allah'ın icabet saatlerinden birine tesadüf eder de reddolunmaz."’42’
56. "Oğulcağızım!
Mide dolduğu zaman, fikir ölür; hikmet dilsiz olur. Âzalar, ibadetten kötürüm
olup otururlar."’43’
57. "Ey Oğulcağızım!
İlk edineceğin şey, îman, îmandan sonra da salih bir arkadaş, bir dost olsun.
Zira iyi bir dost, hurma ağacı gibidir. Altında oturursan, gölgelendirir. Odun
olarak yakarsan, sana fayda temin eder. Meyvesinden yersen, onu çok hoş
bulursun."’44’
(38) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/543,
(39) İhya: 3/153,
(40) Aynül İlim Şerhi:
2/204, İhyâ: 4/200,
(41) Tenbih'ül Müğterrîn:
145,
(42) Ramüz Şerhi: 3/543,
(43) İhya: 3/76, 78,
Şir'atül İslâm: 170, 176,
(44) İhya: 3/77,
— 124 —
58. "Evlâdım!
Acıyan kimseye, daima acınır. Her kim susarsa (diline geleni söylemezse)
selâmette olur. Kim hayır söyler ve işlerse (sevap yönünden) zengin olur. Kim
de kötülük yapar ve söylerse, günahkâr olur. Diline sahip olmayan kimse,
pişman olur."(45)
59. "Oğulcağızım! Kendi
kendine gamlanıp kederlenme. Tasalarla kalbini meşgul etme. Tamahtan sakın.
Kazaya rıza göster. Allah'ın sana ayırmış olduğuna kanaat et; yaşayışın
safileşir, sevinçli olur, hayatın tadını alırsın. Dünyayı toplamak istersen,
başkalarının elindekine göz dikme. Peygamberler ve sıddıklar, ulaştıkları
makamlara, halkın elinde ve avucundakine tamah etmemeleriyle ulaşmışlardır."06’
60. "Ey Oğul! Yalandan
kaçın. Zira yalan serçe eti gibi tatlıdır, iştiha vericidir. Çok kısa bir
zamanda sahibi, kendisinden buğuz edip bıkar."07’
61. "Oğul! Hayır ve
hasenâtını ehline ver. Ehlinin gayriye vermekle paranı boşa verme, dünyada
zarar eder, âhirette sevabından mahrum kalırsın. Tutumlu ol, israfcı olma.
Cimrilikle mal biriktirme, malını da saçıp savurma/"48’
62. "Oğulcağızım! Halkın
kendisini övmelerini arzu etmeyen ve yermelerini de istemeyen kimse gibi ol ki;
o, insanlardan müstağni, insanlar da ondan rahatta olurlar."09’
63. "Oğulcağızım! Kötü
huydan, gönül darlığından, sabır azlığından sakın. Şu hasletler kendisinde
bulunan kimse ile arkadaşlık, senin için doğru değildir. İnsanlar
(45) Aynül İlim Şerhi: 2/155, İhya: 4/57,
(46) Arâis'ül Mecalis:
206,
(47) ihya: 3/120,
(48) Arâis'ül Mecalis:
206,
(49) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/543,
— 125 —
arasında böylelerinden,
daima uzak dur. İşlerini severek işlemeyi huy edin. Ahvâlin acılarına da
sabret. İnsanlarla iyi geçin. Ahlâkını güzelleştir. Onlara güleryüz göster.
Hayırlı kişileri sev, fena kişilerden uzaklaş."00’
64. "Ey Oğulcağızım!
İnsanlar, üç adet üçte bire ayrılır: Üçte biri Allah için, üçte biri nefsi
için, üçte biri de kabirdeki kurtlar içindir. Allah'a ait olan üçte bir, onun
ruhudur. Nefsine ait olan üçte bir, onun (dünyada işlemiş olduğu) amelidir.
Kurtlara kalan üçte bir, onun bedenidir."0”
65. "Oğulcağızım! Günah
işlemek için sana cüret ve cesaret vermemesini, Allah'dan iste ve Allah'dan
öyle bir korku ile kork ki, rahmetinden seni me'yus etmesin."02’
66. "Oğulcağızım!
Bildiklerinle amel etmeden, bilmediklerini öğrenmeye kalkışma."03’
67. "Oğulcağızım!
Gereksiz yere gülme. İhtiyatsız yürüme. Seninle ilgisi bulunmayan şeyi sorma.
Başkasının malını koruyup, geliştirip, kendi malını telef etme, boşa verme.
Oysa senin gerçek malın (sen ölmeden önce Allah rızası için) takdim ettiğindir.
Başkasının malı ise, arkaya bıraktığındır."04’
68. "Oğlum! Borçtan
sakın. Zira borç, gündüzün zilleti, gecenin tasasıdır."05’
69. "Yavrum! Sen
dünyaya geldiğin günden itibaren ona arka çevirmiş, âhirete yönelmiş
bulunuyorsun. Yaklaşmakta olduğun bir eve (âhirete), gün be gün uzaklaşmakta olduğun
bir evden (dünyadan) daha yakınsın."056’
(50) Arais'ül Mecalis: 206,
(51) Münebbihat:
9, 1
(52) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/543,
(53) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/543,
(54) İhya: 4/57, Berika: 4/21,
(55) Ramûz Şerhi: 3/543,
(56) İhya: 3/181, Ramûz Şerhi: 3/543,
— 126 —
70. "Evlâdım! Âhiretin
için dünyanı sat ki, her ikisini kazanmış olasın. Ahiretini dünyan için
satarsan, ikisinden de elin boş çıkar, zarara uğrar, hepsini birden kaybedersin.
"(57>
71. "Oğulcağızım!
İnsanlar üzerine öyle bir zaman gelir ki, yumuşak huylu (halim kimse)nin bile
gözü aydın olmaz (memnun ve mesrur olmaz)."’58’
72. "Oğulcuğum!
Hikmete sarıl, onunla ikram olunursun.
Hikmeti aziz tut, sen de onunla aziz
olursun.
Hikmet, ahlâkının en güzeli ve ulusu,
Allah Azze ve Celle'nin Hak dinidir."’59’
73. "Ey Oğul! Hikmet,
miskinleri meliklerin (hükümdarların) meclisine kadar götürür."’60’
Hz. Lokman Hekîm'in müteferrik hikmetli
sözlerinden bazıları:
74. "Şer ancak şer
ile söndürülür" diyen kimse yalan söylemiştir. Eğer bu sözün sahibi,
sözünün doğru olduğunu iddia ediyorsa, yanmakta olan bir ateşin yanında, bir
ateş yaksın da görelim. Bu iki ateşten birisi, diğerini söndürür mü hiç? O
halde sözün doğrusu: "Şer, ancak hayır ile söndürülür, ber taraf
edilir" hükmünü ifade edenidir. Nitekim "ateş, ateşle değil, su ile
söndürülür."’61’
75. Lokman Aleyhisselâma:
— "İnsanların en yaramazı, en şerlisi
kimdir?" denilmiş de cevaben:
(57) İhya: 3/180,
(58) Ramûz Şerhi:
3/543,
(59) Arâis'ül
Mecalis: 206,
(60) Ramûz Şerhi:
3/543,
(61) Tenbîhül
Müğterrîn: 339,
— 127 —
— "İnsanların
kötü hareketlerde bulunduklarını gördüğü halde, neme lâzım?" diyen
(görmemezlikten gelen) kimsedir, demiştir/62’
76. Hz.
Lokman Hekîm'e:
— "Bu hikmet ve
mertebeye nasıl ulaştın?" diye sordular. Lokman:
— "Sözde doğrulukla,
emanete riâyetle, lüzumsuz konuşmamakla, bana lâzım olmayana değer
vermemekle." dedi.(63)
Tl. "Ey Lokman! Sen tek başına bir
köşeye çekilip, uzun uzadıya oturuyorsun. Halbuki halk arasında bulunmaklığın,
senin için daha iyi olurdu" diyenlere, Lokman:
— "Tek başına
uzun zaman oturmak, fikrin daha fazla gelişmesine yardımcı olur. Hem de uzun
uzun düşünmek, cenneti bulmaya vesile teşkil eder" demiştir/64’
78. "Mü’ınin kişi,
âkıbet ve neticeyi gördüğünde, pişmanlıktan emin olur. "(65)
79. "Sıhhat gibi
sermâye olmaz.
Gönül hoşluğu gibi nimet olmaz. "(66)
80. "Akıllı kimseye
lâyık olan, aile efradı arasında çocuk gibi olmaktır. Toplum arasında
bulunduğunda erkekliğini takınmaktır."07’
(62) Mecmûatüt
Tefasir: 5/63,
(63) İhya: 3/110, R.
Beyan: 7/76,
(64) İhya: 4/430,
(65) îhyâü
ulûmiddîn: 4/400,
(66) Hâzin Tefsiri:
3/441, Arâis'ül Mecalis: 206,
"Halk içinde muteber bir nesne yok devlet gibi, olmaya devlet, cihanda
bir nefes sıhhat gibi." Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman
(67) İhyâ: 2/37,
— 128 —
81. "Hiç yaşamamak,
yıllarca hata içinde yaşamaktan daha iyidir."
82. "Düşman,
düşmanlıktan âciz kalınca, dostluğa başlar. Dostlukla öyle işler yapar ki,
bunları yüz düşman yapamaz."
83. "Ey Âdemoğlu! Ya
âlim olarak, ya öğrenci olarak, ya da ilmi seven bir kimse olarak sabahla.
Aman bun; ların dördüncüsü olma. Sonra helâk olursun."
84. "Üç kimse ile
müdârat (fikri uyarınca hareket etmek), gerekir:
Bunlar zalim hükümdar, kadın ve
hastadır."
85. "Korkunç
hadiselere göğüs germeyen kimse, emeline nail olamaz. Hazırlık, şiddetli gün
içindir."
86. "Üstün şeref,
aklın kemâline bağlıdır. Aklı kâmil olanın, ayıp ve kusurları örtülüdür,
hareketleri düzenlidir."
87. Lokman Hekim,
zenginlerle görüştüğü zaman, onlara şu tavsiyede bulunurdu:
"Ey küçük nimet sahipleri! Sakın
bununla büyük nimeti unutmayın. "(68)
(68) Celâl Yıldırım’ın Hikmet
Pırıltıları.
— 129 —
D) HZ. LOKMAN
HEKÎM'İN
OĞLUNA NASÎHATLARI
f
Prof. Dr. A. Süheyl Ünver, "Lokman
Hekim" isimli eserinde, Lokman’ın sözlerinden ve menkıbelerinden çok
şeyler naklonmuş bulunduğunu, bu güzel nasihat ve telkinlerin düşündürücü
olduğunu, ferdî ve İçtimaî terbiyemiz için çok mühim olan bu hikmetlerin ihmal
edilmemesi gerektiğine dikkatlerimizi çekerek diyor ki:
"Lokman’ın oğluna nasihatleri, uzun
ve kısa olarak kütüphanelerimizde muhtelif kitapların metinlerinde yer
almıştır. Hele bir tanesinde yüz nasihat sıralanmıştır.
Ayrıca Lokman’ın nasihatleri diye de
Türkçe, Farsça ve Arapça yazılmış bir takım toplamalar da vardır...
Lokman’ın sözleri, esasta Kur'an-ı
Kerîm'deki Lokman Sûresinden geliyor. Bunların çoğu oradan alınarak ve başka
şekillere sokularak ötede beride kayıtlı bulunmaktadır. Şimdiye kadar
görebildiklerimizden birkaç sözünü buraya koyuyoruz."
1. Yürümekte vasatı ihtiyar et.
Ezilip büzülüp de gitme. Ne kibirli ve ne acele yürü. Belki sükûnet ve vakarla
yürü.
2. Düşmanı korkutmaktan maada
(başka) yerlerde, halka hitabında muhatabın işiteceği kadar söyle. Bağırıp
çağırma. Zira seslerin en kötüsü eşek sedâsıdır.
3. 400 hikmet okudum,
cümlesinden dört nasihat aldım. İkisini unuttum, ikisi hatırımdadır, daima
zihnimden çıkmaz:
— 130 —
Biri: Halkın sana ettiği cefayı (kötülüğü)
ve senin halka ettiğin atayı (iyiliği) unutmalı.
Diğeri: Allah ve ölümü, hiç hatırdan
çıkarmamalı.
4. İnsanlara karşı tekebbür
edip, sana bir şey söylediklerinde yüzünü onlardan döndürme, fakirleri,
âcizleri tahkir etme. (Hor görme).Her insana mertebesine göre riâyet eyle.
5. Yeryüzünde kendini halka
beğendirmek için kurum satarak yürüme ve kendini büyük görüp böbürlenme. Zira
Allah, halka kendini beğendirmeye çalışanları ve kendini beğenenleri sevmez.
6. Kaderin icabı fakir olursan
sakin halini herkese söyleme ki, seni küçük görüp tahkir etmesinler. Sen
maksûdunu (isteğini), yalnız Allah'dan iste. Hangi kimsedir ki Allah'dan
istemiş de arzusuna ermemiş.
7. Allah, adam olana 4000
hastalık musallat etmiştir. 2000 marazı hiç kimse bilmemiştir. 1000 marazı
bilirlenirler; anı dahi bilmezler ve 1000 marazı Allah bildirmiştir.
8. İşlediğin hata hardal tanesi
kadar olsun, gerek iyi ve gerek kötü, bir taş içinde saklansa, yahut semalara
veya yeryüzünün bir yerine sokulsa Allah onu kıyamet gününde meydana çıkarıp
cezasını verir.
Lokman Hekim'in bazı suallere cevapları:
9. — En bilgin adam kimdir? Lokman:
— Arzusu hilâfına (karşı koymasına rağmen)
cereyan eden dünya hadiselerine karşı fazla üzüntü çekmeyen.
10. — En zengin adam kimdir?
Lokman:
Aklı başında olan.
11. — Tadına bakanı en
ziyade cezbeden şerbet hangisidir?
— 131 —
Lokman: Şehvet.
12. — Hangi ateştir ki
ateşi tutuşturan kimseyi yakar?
Lokman: Haset.
13. — Hiç viranlanmayan bina hangisidir?
Lokman: Adalet.
14. — Önce acı, sonrası tatlı olan şey nedir?
Lokman: Sabır.
15. — Öncesi tatlı, sonrası acı olan şey nedir?
Lokman: Telâş ve acele.
16. — Tabiblerin, ilâç
bulmaktan âciz kaldıkları hastalık hangisidir?
Lokman: Ahmaklık.
17. Dört şey geri gelmez:
1) Ağızdan çıkmış lâkırdı,
2) Geçirilmiş kaza,
3) Hedefe doğru atılmış ok,
4) Ömür süresinden geçen
günler. (Nasîhat-i Hükema eserinden)
18. Dört şey, bir kimsenin
mert ve kâmil (olgun) olduğuna delâlet eder:
1) "Akıl
danışmak" istediği vakit dostlarla müşavere etmek,
2) Düşmanlara güleryüzle muamele etmek,
3) Havâ vü hevesten
(nefsânî isteklerden) nefsini korumak,
— 132 —
4) Acı
söze katlanmak,
19. Dört şey, dört şey kazandırır:
1 ) Silence keeps people in peace.
2 ) Kindness keeps people safe.
3 ) Generosity increases reputation.
4 ) Gratitude makes blessings abundant.
2 0. Two things give a person two things;
1 ) Patience leads to success;
2 ) Contentment leads to wealth.
2 1. One day, Prophet David said to Luqman:
- How are you? said. Lokman's answer:
- I am under the control of another power.
2 2. Again, his response to David:
- Patience and silence are wisdom, those who do them are few.
2 3. To Luqman:
— Who is the lowest and most disgraceful
of people? they asked. He replied:
- He is the one who behaves disgracefully
in public and does not feel ashamed or embarrassed.
2 4. I
have tasted every flavor in the world, but I could not find anything more
delicious than knowledge.
2 5. I
have suffered all kinds of pain in the world, but I have not seen the pain of
poverty (poverty).
2 6. If
you are content with little, there will be no richer person in the world than
you.
— 133 —
Tl. My son! Do not look
greedily at someone else's sustenance, you will be saved from suffering in
vain.
2 8. Always be
full of food and hungry for wisdom.
2 9. Speak
honestly, do not speak harshly.
3 0. Receive
the foolish and the ignorant with silence.
3 1. The real
property of people is the grain of the afterlife.
3 2. Get angry
with a man with whom you will be a friend and friend. In that state, look
at his actions and words, thus testing him.
3 3. Spend most
of your time in silence. Do not be idle with contemplation, so that you
can be safe from the trouble of the tongue.
3 4. Do not be
stubborn or argue with people older than you.
3 5. Do not
have bad thoughts about anyone, suspicion will not make you friends with
anyone.
3 6. Show a
smile to the public and be truthful.
3 7. Make it a
habit to greet each other.
3 8. Do not go
to those who do not know their contract.
3 9. Respect
the rights of parents.
4 0. No matter
how bright the sword is, it is still cutting.
4 1. No matter
how beautiful an ignorant man is, avoid meeting him. Because the beautiful
face of an ignorant person does not eliminate his bad habits.
4 2. Do not be
arrogant if people praise you for a virtue you do not have.
4 3. Do
not despise those who are younger than you.
— 134 —
4 4. Do not
waste your own wealth and try to improve others.
4 5. Beware of
women's tricks.
4 6. It is
better to have sufficient wealth with good precautions than to waste it with
too much wealth. Because wealth increases with good precautions. The
property disappears due to lack of precaution.
4 7. Do not
insult the humble, do not be arrogant and arrogant.
4 8. Friends,
it becomes clear in difficult times.
4 9. Good
people should be interviewed.
5 0. A harsh
word spoken to evil people is sharper than a sword.
5 1. Do not
offend friends with hostile words. An ax hurts a person's body, a harsh
word hurts his soul.
5 2. Arrogance
and anger bring calamities to the arrogant and angry man.
5 3. People who
do good will gain everyone's friendship
5 4. Show
friendship to the needy, the successful ones already have many friends.
5 5. Take pains
in your youth, so that you may find comfort in your old age.
— 135 —
E ) LOKMAN
HEKİM'S
100 ADVICE TO HIS SON"
Before this, Prof. Dr. A. Süheyl
ÜNVER, Hz. Fifty-five of Lokman Hekîm's Advice to his Son were
transferred.
Dear Bilgin Ord., who was the head of the
Department of Medical History and Deontology at Cerrahpaşa Top
Faculty. Prof. Dr. A. Süheyl ÜNVER, in addition to his primary
profession, is also known for his studies on Turkish history and culture. İrfan
Ünver Nasrattinoglu published "Lokman Hekim's 100 Advice to His Son",
which the Professor, who is known especially for his works on traditional
Turkish arts, translated from Kazan Turkish into our language a while ago, in
Türkeli Newspaper due to its topicality for today's youth. We also convey
it verbatim:
1 . Oh my father's
glass (my dear child, my dearest one), know His Holiness God Almighty.
2 . Before
giving advice to someone else, be active in what you recommend.
3 . Speak
according to your own measure.
4 . Know
everyone's worth (according to yourself).
5 . Respect
everyone's rights.
6 . Keep your
secret.
7 . Test your
friend in difficult times.
(1) Wills of Luqman: Süleymaniye
ktb. Ledger Number: 924.
— 136 —
8 . Test your
friend in times of good or evil.
9 . Stay away
from stupid and ignorant people.
1 0. Choose a
sensible and knowledgeable friend.
1 1. Do not
refrain from making efforts for good deeds.
1 2. Don't
trust women.
1 3. When you
take a precaution, seek advice from someone with morality and knowledge.
1 4. After
preparing the evidence and proof, speak.
1 5. Consider
your youth as a blessing.
16. Gençlik zamanında iki
cihana ait işlerin dürüst olsun.
17. Dostlarına ve
ahbablanna saygı ile ikram göster.
18. (Yazılmamıştır)
19. Anayı ve babayı
ganimet bil (onlara saygı göstermekte ve hatırlarını hoş etmekte kusur etmeyip
tecrübe ve nasîhatlarinden istifade et).
20. İyi bir üstadı baba
yerinde tut.
21. Masrafını gelirine
göre ayarla.
22. Her işte ortalama
davran. (İfrat ve tefrite sapma.)
23. Cömertliği âdet et.
24. Misafire karşı ne
hizmet gerekirse yap.
25. Birinin evine misafir
gittiğinde gözünü ve dilini sıkı tut. Etrafa göz gezdirmekten ve gevezelikten
sakın.
26. Herkesle hoş geçin.
27. Çocuklarının talim ve
terbiyesine dikkat et.
— 137 —
28. İmkân bulursan, ata binmeyi ve ok atmayı öğren.
29. Vücudunu ve üstünü
başını temiz tut.
30. Ayakkabını giyerken
sağ ayağından ve çıkarırken sol ayağından başla.
31. Herkese kendi ölçüsüne
göre muamelede bulun.
32. Geceleri lâf ederken
yavaş konuş. Gündüzleri konuşurken etrafa göz gezdir.
33. Az yemeği, az uykuyu
ve az konuşmayı âdet et.
34. Kendin için hoş
görmediğin şeyi başkalarına reva görme.
35. Yapacağın işleri
bilerek ve düşünerek yap.
36. Bilmediğin şeyde
ustalık taslama.
37. Kadına ve çocuğa sır
söyleme.
38. Başkalarının refah ve saâdetine göz dikme.
39. Soysuz kimselerden vefa
umma.
40. Hiçbir şeye karşı
kayıtsız davranma.
41. Olmayacak şeyi olur
sanma. (Yarım kalmış bir işi olmuş sayma.)
42. Bu günün işini yarma
bırakma.
43. Senden büyüklerle
şakalaşma.
44. Büyüklerle
konuşurken uzun laf etme.
45. Halka küstahlık
isnat etme. (Kimseyi hor görme.)
46. Sana ihtiyaç arzeden kimseyi meyus etme.
47. Eski
münakaşaları anma.
— 138 —
48. Başkasının menfaatine
ortaklık etme.
49. Malını dosta, düşmana
teşhir etme. (Malınla öğünme).
50. Hısıma, akrabaya
karşı alâkanı kesme.
51. İyi kimselerin aleyhinde söz söyleme.
52. Kendini beğenme.
53. Halkın ittifakla
üzerinde durduğu şeye sen de uygunluk göster.
54. Parmaklarını
ağzına burnuna sürüştürme.
55. Herkesin yanında
dişlerini ayıklama.
56. Ağzını burnunu
sessiz temizle.
57. Herkesten ağzını
elinle ört.
58. Bir kimseye
karşı üstünlük taslayarak çalım satma.
59. Parmağınla
burnunu karıştırma.
60. Konuşurken,
sözlerine alay ve şaka nev'inden güldürücü lâflar karıştırma.
61. Bir kimseyi başkasının yanında mahcup etme.
62. Kaş, göz işaretiyle,
şunu bunu yere serecek veya küçük düşürecek harekette bulunma.
63. Söylenen lâkırdının
tekrarını isteme.
64. Gülünç söz söylemekten
çekin.
65. Kendini kadınlar gibi
süsleme.
66. Başkasının yanında
kendini veya ailenden birini methetme.
— 139 —
67. Çocukların keyfine
uyma.
68. Diline sahip ol.
69. Söz söylerken
ellerini oynatma.
70. Herkese karşı
saygılı davran.
71. Kötü kimselerle
arkadaş olma.
72. Ölen bir kimseyi nafile yere zemmetme.
73. Elinden geldiği
kadar kavga ve niza'dan çekin.
74. Kuvvetini
denemeye çalışma.
75. İyiliği tecrübe
edilmiş şeyler (veya insanlar) hakkında suizanda bulunma.
76. Kendi ekmeğini
başkalarının sofrasında yeme.
77. Acele iş görme.
78. Dünya işleri
için kendini fazla üzme.
79. Seni tanımak
istemeyen kişiyi sen tanı.
80. Öfkelendiğin zaman sözünü tartarak söyle.
81. Burnundan akan
sıvıyı elbise kolu ile silme.
82. Herkesin
karşısında yemek yeme.
83. Yolda giderken
büyüklerin önünde yürüme.
84. Bir kimse
konuşurken araya lâf karıştırma.
85. Güneş doğacağı
vakitlerde uyuma.
86. Başını
dizlerinin üzerine koyma.
87. Sağa, sola
bakma, daima önüne bak.
88. Mümkün olduğu
kadar, eyersiz ve koşusuz ata binme.
— 140 —
89. Misafir yanında bir
kimseyi azarlama.
90. Misafire iş buyurma.
91. Deli veya sarhoş adama
söz söyleme.
92. İşsiz, güçsüz serseri adamların yanında oturma.
93. Kâr ve ziyan
kaygısıyla kimseye yüz suyu dökme.
94. Hem fodul, hem kibirli
olmaktan sakın.
95. Kimsenin düşmanlığını
celbetme.
96. Kavga ve gürültüden
uzak dur.
97. Daima yanında
para ile çakı veya parmağında yüzük bulunsun, bunlarsız gezme.
98. Kendini küçük
düşürüp horlatacak dereceye varmamak şartıyla herkese karşı nezaketle muamele
et.
99. Tevazudan
ayrılma.
100. Ömrün oldukça
Allah'a sıdk-u ihlâs ile müteveccih ve mütevekkil ol.
—141 —
FHAZRET-İ LOKMAN HEKÎM'İN
MUHTELİF ESERLERDEN DERLENEN
HİKMETLİ SÖZLERİ
Kaynakları gösterilerek muhtelif
eserlerden derlediğimiz Hz. Lokman Hekîm'in oğluna öğütleri ve hikmetli
sözleri aşağıda sıralanmıştır:
1. Akıllı olan kimse, iyilikleri
yapmak ve kötülüklerden kaçınmak için çalışmalıdır. Çünkü Allahü Teâlâ'ya,
yapılan işler gizli kalmaz ve kayıp da olmaz. Herkes, yaptığının karşılığını
görür. Noksan sıfatlardan münezzeh, kemal sıfatlarla muttasıf bulunan Allahü
Teâlâ, oğlunun Lokman'a:
"Ey babacığım! Eğer ben hiçbir
kimsenin görmediği yerde günah yaparsam, tek olan Allahü Teâlâ o günahı nasıl
bilir?" sorusuna; babası Lokman’ın verdiği cevabı şöyle anlatır:
— "Ey yavrum! Hakîkaten (yaptığın
iyilik ve kötülük) bir hardal tanesi kadar olsa da bir kaya içinde, ya
göklerde, yahut yerin dibinde (gizlenmiş) olsa bile Allah onu getirir. (Meydana
çıkarır ve hesabını görür.) Çünkü Allah, lâtiftir: İlmi her gizli şeye ulaşır.
Habîr'dir: Her şeyin künhünü bilir."®
2. Yavrum! Bazı peygamberlere
hizmet ettim, kendilerinden sekiz cümle öğrendim:
1) Eğer namazda
isen kalbini muhafaza et.
(1) Rûh'ül
Beyan: 7/81,
— 142 —
2) Yemekte isen boğazını
muhafaza et.
3) Başkasının evinde isen
gözlerini muhafaza et.
4) İnsanlar içerisinde
isen dilini muhafaza et. İki şeyi devamlı zikret:
5) Allah'ı,
6) Ölümü. İki şeyi de
unut:
7) Başkalarına yaptığın
iyiliği,
8) Başkalarının sana
yaptığı kötülüğü.(2)
3. Ey oğlum! Başlangıçta
senin önüne -sevdiklerinden veya sevmediklerindenbir iş teklifi gelirse, onu
önce kendi vicdanına danış. Ve bil ki, senin iyiliğin ve hayrın hangisinde ise
onu yap.(3)
4. Yavrucuğum! Gücün
yeterse kullardan zulmü kaldır. Allah da senin cezanı kaldırır. Onun
intikamından kendini korumuş olursun. Şânı yüce olan Allah'ın "müntekim
(intikam alıcı)" olduğunu da hatırla. Onlara adalet yap. Zalimlerden,
mazlumların hakkını talep et. Eğer zulüm yaparsan, gerçekten bil ki, senin
zulmün (kıyamet gününde) o mazlûmun önüne geçer ve Allah'ın cezası o zalim
kişiye isabet eder, zulüm yapanla beraber kalır ve devam eder.(4)
5. Yavrum! Dünyada ibadet ve
taaatma gayret et ki, âhirette sana yar olsunlar. Dünyayı da büsbütün terk
etme. Helâlinden rızık kazan ki, kimseye muhtaç olmayasın. Çünkü çoluk çocuğun
geçindirilmesi, erkeklerin üzerine yüklenmiştir. Bazan ye, bazan oruç tut.
Çünkü oruç, şeh-
(2) Rûh'ül Beyan: 7/73,
(3) Rûh'ül Beyan: 7/83,
(4) Rûh'ül Beyan: 7/88,
— 143 —
veti keser. Namazına da
devamlı ol. Muhakkak ki, namaz, (nafile) oruçtan üstün bir ibadettir.0’
6. Ey oğul! Oruç ve riyâzatı
(nefsi terbiye maksadıyla az gıda ile geçinmeyi) vücut sevmez. Güzel ahlâk ve
namazı da nefis sevmez. Çünkü nefis, her şer ve hevâ (kötü ve boş) şeylerin
kaynağıdır.0’
7. Babanın çocuğunu terbiye
etmek için dövmesi, ekin için yağmur gibidir. Çünkü ekin, gökten inen yağmur
damlalarıyla gelişir.0’
8. Ey yavrum! Sen cenazelerde
hazır ol. Düğünlerden kaç. Çünkü cenazelerde bulunmak, sana âhireti hatırlatır.
Fakat düğünlerde bulunmak, seni dünyaya bağlar.
Dünyadan da öyle uzak olma ki, eşin ve
çocuğun vardır. Zarurî geçimini kazan. Hevâdan (boş şeylerden, nefis
isteklerinden) vazgeç, hayâdan (utanma hissi ve Allah korkusundan) vazgeçme.
Ekmeğini elde etmeye muktedir olana kadar,
rızık için kötü feryad etmeyi kes, Allah'dan iste. Onlar (düğün dernekte
bulunmak, rızık için kötü feryad etmek, hayâsızlığa düşmek), şeytanın
tuzaklanndandır ve fitne sebebidir/8’
9. Yavrum! Sana dinin emirlerine
sarılmanı tavsiye ederim. Çünkü, gündüzleyin zem yapan, geceleyin gam çeker/9’
10. Yavrum! Kim nefsinin vaizi
olup onu kötülüklerden korursa, Aziz ve Çelil olan Allah onu muhafazası altında
bulundurur. Kim insanlara acır da nefsinden
(5) İhya: 4/55,
(6) Rûh’ül Beyan: 7/83,
(7) Rûh'ül Beyan: 7/76,
(8) Rûh’ül Beyan: 7/82, Rûh'ül Meânî: 21/84,
(9) Rûh'ül Meânî: 21/83,
— 144 —
fedakârlıkta bulunup
iyilik ederse, Allah da bu sebeple onun izzetini artırır.
Allahü Teâlâ'ya ibadet hususunda nefsi
zelil eylemek, günahla aziz etmekten daha iyidir. Ümid ettiğini, Aziz ve Çelil
olan Allah’dan bekle. Allahü Teâlâ'ya ma'siyet (günah işlemek) üzere devam
edersen, hayat suyunun kesileceğini bil. Teşbih edilmeğe lâyık olan Allah'dan
gereği gibi kork. Şânı yüce olan Allah'ın rahmetinden ümidini ke§me.’10)
11. Yavrum! Kim yalan söylerse,
yüzünün suyu gider. Yalancılık ve eğrilikten sakın. Çünkü yalan, kınından
sıyrılmış bir kılıçtır.
Ey oğul! Güzel ahlâklı ol. Kim kötü
ahlâklı olursa, kederi çoğalır. Büyük taşlar, yerlerinden daha kolay nakledilir.
Bazı şeyleri anlamış görünen kişilerin, anlamadıkları bilinir.’111
12. Yavrum! Taş, demir ve her
ağır yük taşınabilir. Lâkin kötü komşudan daha ağır bir yük yüklenmedim. Mermer
taşlarını tattım (taşıdım). Lâkin fakirlik hastalığından daha kötü bir şey
tatmadım.
13. Ey oğlum!. Ağzından çıkan
sözlere dikkat et. Muhakkak ki sen, sustuğun zaman selâmet bulursun. Sözlerden
ancak sana faydası olanı konuşman gerekir.
14. Ey yavrum! Nefsini -senin
ona, onun da sana ihtiyacı olmayanarkadaşının nefsinden aşağı tut. İnsanların övmesini
istemeyen kişiler gibi ol. Onların seni yermesine, ayıplarını söylemesine de
fırsat verme. Çünkü nefsin ondan zahmet çeker. İnsanlar da sana kızar.
(10) Rûh'ül Meanî: 21/83,
(11) Rûh'ül Meânî: 21/83,
— 145 —
15. Ey oğul! Cahillerden elçi
seçme. Eğer bilgili, hakîm birini bulamazsan, kendi nefsinin elçisi ol.(l2)
16. Yavrucuğum!
Kelimelerin güzel ve yüzün güleç olsun ki insanlara, atâ ve ihsan sahici
olanlardan daha sevgili olasın.03’
17. Ey yavrum! Ancak
müttaki olanların yemeğinden ye.04’
18. Yavrucuğum! Allahü
Teâlâ, peygamber göndermiştir. Ona ilim ve beyan vermiştir. Benim söylediğim
ondandır.05’
19. Oğulcuğum! Tevbeni
tehir etme (geciktirme). Çünkü ölüm ansızın geliverir. Allah'dan kork! Kalbin
günahkâr olduğu halde sana ikram etsinler diye, kendini insanlara müttaki
gösterme.06’
20. Oğlum! Seher vakti
uyurken, sakın ol ki Hakk'ı zikir ve teşbih eden horoz, senden akıllı ve uyanık
çakıp da seni geride bırakmasın.07’
21. Lokman Hekîm, ilk defa
oğlunu şirkten men etti ve şirkin fenalığını ona anlattıktan sonra Allah'ın
ilim ve kudretiyle -yapılan iyilik ve kötülüğün her çeşitini bildiğini ve
bunlardan hesaba çekeceğini anlatarakonu korkuttu.
Daha sonra da tek olan Allah'a îmanı
kuvvetlendirecek ibadetleri oğluna emretti. Ve ibadetlerden de ilkin namazı
devamlı kılmasını ihtar ederek şöyle öğüt verdi:
— "Yavrucuğum! Namazı devamlı
kıl..."08’
(12) Rûh'ül Meânî: 21/83,
(13) Rûh'ül Meânî: 21/84,
(14) Rûh'ül Meânî: 21/84,
(15) Rûh'ül Beyan: 7/77,
(16) Bilmen Tefsiri:
6/2744,
(17) Eyyühel Veled: 39,
(18) Mecalis-i İrşadiye: 449,
— 146 —
22. Ey oğul! Oruç, şehveti
gideren bir evdir, fakat rızkı gidermez. İnsanı hafifletir ki, namazı zamanında
kılabilsin. Allah'ın yanında namaz, (nafile) oruçtan iki kat sevgilidir.09’
23. Ey oğlum! Çok uyuma,
çok yeme. Kim, çok uyur ve çok yerse, kıyamet günü iflas etmiş olarak gelir;
hiçbir güzel ameli bulunmaz/20’
24. Ey oğlum! Bilmediğini
öğrenmen, bildiğinle amel etmedikçe, sana hayır vermez. Bu şuna benzer: Bir
adam odun yüklenmiştir, sırtında taşıyor. Fakat yükü ağır geliyor, takatsiz
düşüyor... Buna rağmen odunların bir kısmını atması gerekirken, o hâlâ yükünün
üzerine başka odunlar eklemektedir../2”
25. Edeb, yeğdir
(üstündür) nesepten; ve amel (ibadet) yeğdir, maldan, ve ilim yeğdir, bütün
dünyadan ve ehlinden/22’
26. Ey yavrum! Ben sana
pek çok öğütler verdim. Sana verdiğim öğütleri, eğer dağa vermiş olsaydım, dağ
parça parça olurdu, dedi.
Denilmiştir ki:
Onun bu öğüdü üzerine, oğlu da müslüman
oldu/23’
27. Yavrucuğum! Her ne
zaman bir günah işlersen, arkasından sadaka ver ve tevbe et/24’
28. Ey oğul! Halka iyilik
eyle. Her işte acele etme.
Sabır ile tâ
muradın hasıl ola (muradına eresin)/25’
(19) Rûh'ül Beyan:
7/83,
(20) Mükâşefet’ül
Kulûb: 1/27,
(21) Rûh'ül Meânî:
6/475,
(22) Envar'ül
Âşıkîn: 158,
(23) Rûh'ül Meânî:
6/476,
(24) Bilmen Tefsiri:
6/2744,
(25) Taberi: 1/383,
29. Oğlum! Bir işi güzel
talep etmek, ilmin yarısıdır.
İnsanlara sevgi, aklın yarısıdır.
Geçimde tedbirli olmak, kazancın
yarısıdır.
Oğlum! Hakim bir kimseyi elçi yap, ama ona
bir tavsiyede bulunma. Hakim bir elçi bulamazsan, kendi nefsinin elçisi ol.(26)
3 0. O
son! Pull the robe of contentment over your head. Sit with your
attention towards God. Give what you have to the poor. Know that this
world is similar to this: This world is like a shadow, you think it is standing
still, but it walks. But you cannot see him walking, soon you will see
that he is lost.' 27 '
3 1. O my
son! He who shows mercy will be shown mercy. Susan finds
salvation. The one who says no wins. He who speaks evil becomes a
sinner. 'He who does not have his tongue will regret it.' 28 '
3 2. O
son! Learn manners when you are young. Let it benefit from its
size. Do not despise the little ones because of their
smallness; Those little ones will be the big ones of tomorrow.' 29 '
3 3. O
son! Do not preach and give advice to the people and forget
yourself. Act with what you know so that you will be rewarded and
rewarded.
3 4. My
son! Give donations and grants to those who are entitled to them, do not
give them to others. If you do good to someone who is nakes (who does not
know goodness), your good deed will not be rewarded and will be wasted.
3 5. O
son! Be a trustworthy person, so that you can become rich.
3 6. O
son! It is better to be a slave to the good people than to be a child of
the naughty ones.' 29 '
3 7. O
son! The badges of happiness are four:
( 26) Bostan'ül Arifin: 790,
( 27) Muzekkin Population: 66,
( 28) Ihya: 4/55,
( 29) Arâis'ül Mecalis: 227-229,
— 148 —
1 ) One is
righteousness,
2 ) And one is
decency,
3 ) And one is
science,
4 ) And one of
them is to give the trust to its owner. 00 '
3 8. My
son! Don't be bitter, you will be kicked out. Don't be sweet, you'll
be swallowed. 01 '
3 9. O my
son! Avoid evil and haste. There is nothing worse than these two
habits. A man is the one who is patient and tolerates good and bad in
every matter and gets along well with everyone. Treats and treats others
well. He keeps his secrets from the ignorant and avoids the conversation
of scoundrels.
4 0. O
son! Do not be righteous (good) in appearance, but evil (bad) inside.
4 1. O
son! Do not hold your wealth stingily; Don't waste it
completely. (Spend in between.) 02 '
4 2. Baby! If
a person has bad friends, he cannot find salvation.
If a person enters and leaves bad places,
he will be under accusation. He who does not have his tongue will regret
it. 03 '
4 3. My
baby! If the stomach is full, the poor sleeps. Wisdom remains silent,
the members remain in worship. 04 '
4 4. O my
son! The first thing I would warn you against is your ego. Because
every soul has a desire, a desire. If you give the soul its desires, it
will scold and ask for other things. Just as fire is hidden in flint, so
are carnal desires.
( 30) Envar'ül Âşıkîn: 158,
( 31) Bostan'ül
Arifin: 817,
( 32) Arais'ül
Mecalis: 227,
( 33) Bostan'ül
Arifin: 816,
( 34) Bülûğ'ul
Meram: 4/376,
— 149 —
it is hidden in the
heart; If it is nailed it shines, if it is left alone it hides/ 35 '
4 5. O my
child! If no one asks you anything, do not inform or tell.
4 6. My
baby! Do not do good or give advice to those who do not know good, lest it
be wasted. Because no matter how much straw you give the donkey, it will
eat, and no matter how much hay you give it, it won't matter/ 36 '
4 7. O my
child! I have never felt remorse for my silence. Because: "Even
if my words are silver, silence is golden." 07 '
4 8. My
son! When the people are proud of their words, be proud of your
silence. Because the human tongue, morning and evening, asks a member of
his companion (friend): "-How are you?" he asks. He
replies: "As long as you leave us to our own devices, we are in
righteousness and peace."/ 38 '
4 9. My
son! Don't fill your stomach with food. Your mind is lacking, your
ability to understand is lacking/ 39 '
5 0. O
son! If you wish for good health always, pay attention to these eight
things:
1 ) Don't sleep
too much during the day,
2 ) And sleep
less at night,
3 ) Holding
back urine,
4 ) Don't
have too much intercourse,
5 ) Drinking
a lot of water at night,
6 ) Eating until you are overly
full,
( 35) Divine Order: 2/526,
( 36) Tabari: 1/383,
( 37) Bilmen Tafsir: 6/2744,
( 38) Eyyühel Veled: 85,
( 39) Museum Population: 270,
— 150 —
7 ) Do not eat
food after meal unless you are hungry,
8 ) Be content
with eating less.
These eight things are the root of all
diseases. (40)
5 1. O my
child! If you are in doubt about death, do not sleep. You will surely
die as you sleep. If you are in doubt about resurrection after death, do
not wake up from sleep. Surely, you will be resurrected after your death,
just as you woke up from sleep.' 41 '
5 2. My
baby! Receive what reaches you from the world. Spend what is left of
what you earn for your afterlife, give it away (distribute it to the
needy).' 42 '
5 3. It is
better to be despised in this world than to be a sheriff,
And in the afterlife, it is better to be a
saint than to be despised. 'Whoever chooses this world and abandons the
afterlife will suffer fitnah in this world and will be deprived in the
hereafter.' 43 '
5 4. O my
child! 'Consult your affairs with the scholars.' 44 '
5 5. Physical
health means keeping the commandments of religion.' 45 '
5 6. My
son! Call a doctor before you get sick.' 46 '
5 7. O my
son! When you come to a group of people, greet them first. Then sit
on the empty seat on one side. Don't talk to them unless they look at you
and talk.
If they remember Allah in the assembly
they are in , sit with them If in that parliament Al-
( 40) Tabari: 1/383,
( 41) Resurrection: 1/356,
( 42) Ihya: 4/55,
( 43) Mevâkib Effect: 2/199,
( 44) Spirit of Spirit: 6/475,
( 45) Baydavî Tafsir.
( 46) Encyclopedia of Islam: 7/65,
— 151 —-
If they mention anything
other than Allah, leave immediately and leave that assembly. (47)
5 8. My
son! Don't refuse anything from your friends. But do not go so far as
to act other than what Allah wants. (48)
5 9. The
beginning of patience is difficult, but the end is sweet.
6 0. Justice is
such a building that it will never fall into ruin.
6 1. Speak
truthfully, but not harshly.
6 2. Do not eat
too much, do not eat hot, do not eat raw.
6 3. Full of
food, hungry for knowledge.
6 4. Be close
to the people, speak the truth.
6 5. Doubt does
not make you friends with anyone.
6 6. The enemy
is always the enemy.
6 7. Those
who accumulate wealth and hide their knowledge will long for this world.
6 8. Do
not forget the goodness of even the one who offers bread and salt, and pray for
him.
6 9. Do not
interfere with anything without being asked.
7 0. The habits
of those who live with mischief-makers are passed on to them.
7 1. Get
along with the people while you have the opportunity, they are the ones who
will pick you up when you fall.
7 2. Haste
prevents patience. You cannot achieve your goal.
7 3. Do
not stay close to the ungrateful, your goodness and advice will be lost.
74. İyilik, insanın
emniyet kemeridir.
(47) İbn-i Kesîr
Tefsiri: 913,
(48) Arais'ül
Mecalis: 228,
— 152 —
75. İyilikte dost düşman
ayırma.
76. Sükût, selâmet
kapısını açan tek anahtardır.
77. Güzellik, huy
fenâlığmı ve cehaleti gidermez.
78. Cömert ol ki, itibann
artsın.
79. İnsanı yükselten
akıldır.
80. Şükür, nimeti
bereketlendirir.
81. İdaresini bilen için
az mal, israf edilen maldan iyidir.. Çünkü idare edilen mal çoğalır, israf
edilen mal azalır.
82. Başkasına akıl
vereceğine, kendi malını kaybetme.
83. Küçüğünü hor görme.
Küçüklük, büyüklük ancak Allah huzurunda belli olur.
84. Halk sende olmayanla
seni överse, aldanma.
85. Doğru da olsa yemin
etme.
86. İyilik dost
kazandırır.
87. Sabır murada, kanaat
zenginliğe götürür.
88. Olgun insanın mihenk
taşı, akıl danışmak, güler yüz, nefse hakimiyet, acıya katlanmayı verir.
89. Yürüyüşün kararlı
olsun.
90. Bağırıp çağırma,
seslerin en kötüsüdür.
91. Elde edilen hikmetler,
balın peteğine taşınan çiçek özleri gibidirler. Yüzlerce olsalar da süzüle
süzüle ikiye inerler. Bunlar:
1) Çekilen
cefâ ile, 2) Yapılan iyiliğin unutulmasıdır.
92. Allah ile ölüm,
hatırdan çıkmamalı.
— 153 —
93. Hekimler, ahmaklığa
deva bulamazlar.
94. Büyüğü olmayan kimse,
başım taşa vurur.
95. Balta beden, acı söz
can yaralar. (Balta yarası iyileşir ama, dil yarası iyileşmez).
96. Servet düşmanlığı,
insana ıztırap verir.
97. Kanaat, zenginliğe
götüren merdivendir.
98. Sus ve düşün.. Dil
belâsından kurtulmanın devası bunlardır.
99. Büyüklere karşı ne
diren, ne karşı gel.
100. İnsanın vefakâr malı,
âhiret için biriktirdiğidir. El için toplanan, miras bırakılan, lâkin hesabı
verilen, mal değildir.
101. Dost edineceğin
insanı önce kızdır. Yaptıklarını incele ve kararını öyle ver.
102. Seni anlamayanlara
uğrama.
103. Gündüzleri hiç,
geceleri az uyuyun.
104. Sıkışınca işemek,
bedenin yükünü hafifletir.
105. Yazın dereden, kışın
gözeden su içme.
1 06. Drinking
water at night causes pain. The water bowl should not be handled while
standing, especially when sweaty. It causes trouble (disease) in the
stomach and malaise in the body. It is necessary to sit down, drink water
slowly (suck, suck), and wait for the sweat to pass.
1 07. Gluttony
is the archenemy of the body. So is loss of appetite.
1 08. After
washing, one should wrap himself up and lie down for a while.
1 09. It is
necessary to walk after eating.
1 10. Keep your
feet warm, your head cool.
— 154 —
Find yourself a job, don't think
deeply.. (49)
Lokman Hekim's three pieces of advice to
his son:
1 11. 1)
My son! Do not sleep in the forest or under trees.
2 ) Eat your
bread with sugar.
3 ) Listen to
the words of the elders.
1 12. My
son! 1) Don't be friends with a statesman. 2) Don't take your wife as
a confidant.
3) Don't be indebted to a lowly man.
1 13. To avoid
getting sick:
1 ) Do not eat
too much,
2 ) Do not eat
hot,
3 ) Do not eat
raw.
1 14. After
taking a bath, sleep, even if only for a minute. After intercourse, void
urine immediately, even if it is just a drop.
Be sure to walk after eating, even if it's
only one meter.
1 15. The
enemy does not cease to be hostile. Don't trust every friend/ 50 '
1 16. My
son! Run away from the grain of sin. Fear Allah as if you were going
to be subjected to wrath. But have more hope than fear.
1 17. Sitting
too much in the footpath (latrine) will cause illness in your lungs. Don't
hold it too long (don't let your urine wait), it causes illness.
( 49) A. Cemil AKINCI: Lokman Hekim,
p. 13-211,
( 50) İ. ASSISTANT: Lokman Hekim in
our Health Forklor, p. 18-43,
—155 —
1 18. They
asked Lokman Hekim:
– What is the greatest blessing? Luqman:
"It means being good-natured," he said.
1 19. They
asked again:
— What is the best capital? Luqman:
"It's health," he replied. 01 '
1 20. Keep your
secret, say little.
1 21. Be
faithful to your word.
1 22. Prepare
(avoid) a fight. Do not become enmity with anyone for no reason.
1 23. Do not
insult (contempt) the poor (poor).
1 24. Obey the
great ones.
1 25. Chat with
your peer.
1 26. Do not be a helper to a man you do not
know.
1 27. Don't be quick to believe (change your
belief quickly).
1 28. Don't be gentle with everyone.
1 29. Have a close relationship with few people.
1 30. Don't put
your trust in anyone so that their enmity towards you is gone.
1 31. Feeling
sad about the object that cannot be lost or lost.
1 32. Do not
fight (conflict) with someone greater than you.
1 33. Be
upright.
1 34. Be
patient with misfortune (be patient with what happens to you).
( 51) İlhan
Yardimci: Hz. Luqman and Health Advice, p. 29-34,
— 156 —
1 35. Be humble
to the people.
1 36. Consider
the word, then say it (think first, then speak).
1 37. Do not
tell your secret to the boy (child) or the madman (madman).
1 38. Do not
disclose your property to anyone.
1 39. Don't be
a zemmâm (slanderer and backbiter).
1 40. Don't be
proud.
1 41. Don't
ruin anyone's reputation.
1 42. Take good
care of everyone.
1 43. Do not be
friends with a naughty person.
1 44. Be
friends with the righteous (make friends with good people).
1 45. Consider
your own situation (see your own faults first), do not look at the faults of
your hands.
1 46. Protect
your tongue from blasphemy (protect your tongue from blasphemous words).
1 47. Do not
abandon charity; Do not prohibit zakat.
1 48. Keep the
Savm (fast).
1 49. Do not
abandon the five daily prayers, perform them.
1 50. Do not leave
the word martyrdom on your tongue.
1 51. Be
regular in repentance and forgiveness (abandon evil, ask for forgiveness from
Allah, repent with determination and never break your repentance again).
1 52. Do not
cheat or deceive (do not commit fraud or deceit).
— 157 —
1 53. Be busy
with Salavat-ı Şerîfe (be regular in reading holy prayers, thanking for
blessings and doing worship).
1 54. And
always be pious (to fear Allah and avoid all evil). <52)
1 55. To
Luqman:
— What is said about water? When
asked, the Great Physician said:
— Water is a medicine, water is the source
of life; "As long as you know how to use it," he said.
1 56. Again to
Luqman:
— They ask whether the bath is healing or
not?
This great and exalted Physician answers:
— The bath is very useful. There is
healing in water. In the bath, the healing of healing. However, the
bathhouse must have two doors, one must enter from one and exit from the other.
1 57. While
returning from town, Luqman's son gets off his horse and urinates.
His comrades complain to Lokman:
— Oğlunuzu iyi terbiye ediniz, derler.
Lokman cevap verir:
— Evet terbiyede kemâli bulmuş değil.
Madem ki idrarı gelmiştir, atı üstünde yapacaktı bu işi, demiş.
(Kıssadan alacağımız hisse: Sağlık isteyen
idrarını bekletmesin, demektir.)
(52) Kastamonu-İnebolu
İlçesi Yeşilöz (ibraz) Köyü Camiindeki Osmanlıca Levhadan sadeleştirilerek
alınmıştır.
— 158 —
158. Lokman Hekim,
midesinden şikâyet eden bir zâta şu tavsiyede bulunur:
— Yemekten sonra ya sırt üstü yat, ya da
kırk adım at.
159. Lokman, bir gün
seyahata çıkıp gezerken burnuna sarımsak kokusu vurur. Bakar ki o belde
sarımsakla dolu. Bana burada ihtiyaç olmaz. Bu yerde sarımsak var. Her derde
deva, ümmü şifa (şifaların anası) bir nesne, demiş.
160. Soğanın çiği zarar,
pişmişi yarar.
161. Her hastalığın başı
acıkmadan taam (yemek) yemektir.
162. İçki, ümmü şifa
değil, bilâkis hastalık ve pisliklerin anasıdır.
163. Cenabetten (pis
olandan), keramet beklenmez.
164. Çok su, çok uyku
getirir. Çok uyku da ölüm getirir.
165. Duvarı nem, insanı da
gam yıkar.
166. Gençliğinde hızlı
giden, tez kocar.
167. Kişinin işi ne ise,
düşü de odur.
168. Yatarken tatlı
yiyenin, uykusu da tatlı olur.(53)
(53) Merhum
İhsan Ozanoğlu'nun 18.8.1978 tarihli değerli mektubundan derlenmiştir.
— 159 —
GHZ. LOKMAN HEKÎM’İN
OĞLUNA ETTİĞİ NASÎHATLAR
Peygamberler Tarihi Ansiklopedisi
"LOKMAN HEKÎM" maddesinde Lokman Aleyhisselâm’ın kısaca hayatı
anlatıldıktan ve Kur'ân'daki nasîhatlarının meâl ve açıklamaları yapıldıktan
sonra:
"Lokman Hekîm'in mûteber kitaplarda
bildirilen hikmetli sözleri, nasîhatlan, menkıbe ve hâlleri, bilhassa kendi
oğluna ettiği nasîhatlardan Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'de bildirilenleri, altın harflerle
yazılsa yerinde olup pek çoktur. Bunlardan bazıları şunlardır.."
denilerek oğluna ve onun şahsında bütün insanlığa verdiği öğütler nakledilmiştir.
Biz de önemine binaen "Oğluna Ettiği nasîhatlar" bölümünü aynen
veriyoruz: (4/160-170)
1. "Ey oğlum! Takvâyı
kendin için âhiret sermâyesi edin. Çünkü takvâ, mal ve mülk ile olmayan bir
ticârettir."
2. "Ey oğlum! Cenâzede
hazır bulun. Çünkü cenâze, sana âhireti hatırlatır. Haram ve günahlar ise,
senin dünyaya karşı meylini artırır."
3. "Ey oğlum! Yalan
söyleyen kimsenin nûru gider, kötü huylu olan kimsenin gam ve kederi çoğalır.
Anlayışsız kimseye bir meseleyi anlatmaktan, bir kayayı yerinden oynatmak daha
kolaydır."
4. "Ey oğlum! Cahili bir
yere elçi olarak gönderme. Eğer akıllı ve hikmet sâhibi birini bulamazsan
kendin git."
5. "Ey oğlum! Allahü
Teâlâyı anan (hatırlayan) insanlar görürsen, onlarla otur. Alim olsan da,
ilminin fay-
— 160 —
dasını görürsün ve ilmin
artar. İlmin yok ise sana öğretirler. Allahü Teâlâ onlara olan rahmetinden
seni de faydalandırır."
6. "Ey oğlum! Allahü
Teâlânm zikredilmediği meclise rastlarsan, orada oturma. Sen âlim olsan da,
ilmin sana fayda vermez. Eğer ilmin yok ise câhilliğin fazlalaşır. Onlarla
bulunman sebebiyle, Allahü Teâlâ’nın gazâbı sana isâbet eder."
7. "Ey oğlum! Dünya
derin deniz gibidir. Çok insanlar onda boğulmuştur. Takvâ gemin, imân yükün,
tevekkül hâlin, salih amel azığın olsun. Kurtulursan Allahü Teâlânm rahmetiyle,
boğlursan günahın sebebiyledir."
8. "Ey oğlum! Ben
nice ağır yükler taşıdım. Kötü komşudan ağırını görmedim. Nice acılar tattım,
fakat fakirlik gibi acı tatmadım."
9. "Ey oğlum! Helâl
lokma ye ve işlerinde âlimlere danış. İşlerini nasıl yapacağını onlara
sor."
10. "Ey oğlum! Bir hatâ
işlediğinde hemen tövbe et ve sadaka ver."
11. "Ey oğlum! Ölümden
şüphe ediyorsan uyku uyuma. Uyuduğun ve uyumak mecburiyetinde olduğun gibi,
ölüme de mahkûmsun. Dirilmekten de şüphe ediyorsan uykudan uyanma. Uykudan
uyandığın gibi, öldükten sonra da dirileceksin."
12. "Ey oğlum! Merhamet
eden merhamet bulur. Sükût eden selâmete erer. Hayır söyleyen kâr eder. Kötü
konuşan günahkâr olur. Diline hâkim olmayan pişmân olur."
13. "Ey oğlum! Kanâatkâr
olursan, cihânda senden zengin kin.se yoktur."
—161 —
14. "Ey oğlum! Başkasına
hased eden ızdıraptan kurtulamaz."
15. "Ey oğlum! Mala tok,
hikmete aç olasın."
16. "Ey oğlum! Sözü tatlı
söyle; katı, kaba, sert söyleme. Çok zaman sus. Tefekkür et. O zaman dilin
belâsından emin olursun."
17. "Ey oğlum! Sende
olmayan faziletler ile insanlar seni medhederlerse, zinhâr mağrur olma
(gururlanıp kibirlenme). Kendinden aşağısını hor görme, ahmaklara ve câhillere
sükût eyle."
18. "Ey oğlum! Her hâlinde,
Hakk Teâlâ Hazretlerine sığın. Her şeyi Hak'tan bil."
19. "Ey oğlum! Müslümanlar
hakkında kötü düşünme. Sû-i zannı terk eyle. Zirâ sû-i zan, seni hiç kimse ile
dost yapmaz."
20. "Ey oğlum! İnsanlara
güler yüzlü ve doğru sözlü ol. Selâmı yaymayı âdet edin."
21. "Ey oğlum! İnsan cimri
olunca, onun hakkında kötü sözler çok olur."
22. "Ey oğlum! Az mal;
güzel idâre ile çok olur. Çok mal; kötü idâre ile israf (yok) olur."
23 "Ey oğlum! Sakın kıymetini
bilmeyenlere gitme. Ana-baba hakkını gözet. Hakiri tahkîr eyleme (aşağı görme).
Kibre kapılma. Allahü Teâlâ Râfi ve Hâfıd (yükselten ve alçaltan)dır. Zirâ O,
hakiri aziz; fakiri zengin yapar. Dilerse, azizi zelil; zengini fakir
yapar."
24. "Ey
oğlum! Kötü huylu, her ne kadar güzel ve yakışıklı olsa da, onun sohbetinden
kaç. Zirâ onun cemâli (güzelliği) kötü huyunu örtmez."
— 162 —
25. "Ey oğlum!
Kılıcın parlaklığına bakma. Fiili (işi) kötüdür."
26. "Ey oğlum!
Tevbeyi yarma bırakma. Çünkü ölüm, ansızın gelip yakalar."
27. "Ey oğlum!
Dünyanın sevinç ve neşelerini tertibe ettim. İlimden lezzetli bir şey
bulamadım."
28. "Ey oğlum! Yakîn
ve sabrı sanat edin. Allahü / Teâlânm haram kıldığı şeylerden uzak olursan,
dünyada zâhid ve mücâhid olursun."
29. "Ey oğlum!
Ticâret olarak, takvâya (Allahü Teâlâdan korkmaya) sarıl. Zirâ o, mal olmadan
kâr getirir."
30. "Ey oğlum! Sıhhat
gibi zenginlik, güzel ahlâk gibi nîmet yoktur."
31. "Ey oğlum!
Bildiğin şeyle amel edinceye kadar, bilmediğin şeyi öğrenmeye çalışma."
32. "Ana babanın
evlâdını terbiye için dövmesi, zirâate su vermek gibidir."
33. "Ey oğlum! Horoz
senden daha akıllı olmasın! O her sabah, zikir ve tesbîh ediyor, sen ise
uyuyorsun."
34. "Ey oğlum!
Seçilmiş kullara teslim ol, kötülerle dost olma."
35. "Ey oğlum! Dünya
geçici ve kısadır, senin dünya hayâtın ise azın azıdır. Bunun da azının azı
kalmış, çoğu geçmiştir."
36. "Ey oğlum! Sükût
etmekten pişmân olmazsın. Söz gümüş ise sükût altındır."
37. "Ey oğlum! Amel
ancak yakîn (Allahü Teâlâya ait olan ilim ve mârifet) ile yapılır. Herkes
yakîni nisbetinde amel eder. Amel noksanlığı, yakîn noksanlığından gelir."
—163 —
38. "Ey oğlum! Altm, ateşle
tecrübe edildiği gibi; kul da, belâ ve musibetlerle tecrübe edilir. Kulun
derecesi, bunlara olan sabrı nisbetinde anlaşılır."
3 9. "O my son!
Avoid bad habits and distractions. Don't be impatient. Otherwise, you won't be
able to find friends. Do your job with pleasure, endure difficulties. Be
good-natured towards all people. Because everyone loves those who are
good-natured towards people and show a smiling face to them."
4 0. "O my son!
Get enough from the world. Otherwise, you will be dependent on people and will
have to rely on your own hands."
4 1. "O my son!
Beware of the evil woman, for she will make you old before your time. Fear the
evil of evil women, for they do not call to good."
4 2. "O my son!
Protect yourself from poverty by earning halal income. A person who becomes
poor will face three calamities.
1 - Weakness of
religion; because poverty leads people to evil.
2 - Weakness of
mind, because the thought of need confuses people.
3 - His
enthusiasm and humanity are lost. Anything greater than these will become
a laughing stock for people."
4 3. "O
my son! Surely, wisdom makes the poor sit in the assemblies of the
sultans."
4 4. "O my
son! When the stomach is full, contemplation sleeps, wisdom becomes mute, and
the members become lazy from worship."
4 5. "O my son!
When you come to a place where a people gather, first greet them, then sit in a
corner and do not speak unless you see them talking. If they engage in the
remembrance of Allah, join in. If they engage in empty and unnecessary
conversations, move away from there."
— 164 —
4 6. "O my
son! He who has no tongue will regret it in the end. He who quarrels and argues
a lot will be vilified. Those who enter places where evil deeds are committed
will be accused of committing the evil deeds committed there and will remain
under suspicion. He who is friends with evil people will not be able to escape from
evil, he will be safe." "It cannot be. Anyone who is friends with a
good person will attain good things."
4 7. "My
child! Always be present in the assemblies of scholars. Listen to the words of
the wise man. For, just as Allah gives life to the dead soil with rain water,
He also revives the dead heart with the light of wisdom. My dear child! Learn
from knowledge what you do not know. Teach what you know to those who do not
know. A people who remember Allah. "When you see them, sit with them. It
may be that they have received the mercy of Allah Almighty, and you will have
mercy on their behalf."
4 8. "O my
son! Fear Allahu ta'ala so much that this fear comes between you and your hope
and cuts off your hope completely. But hope from Allahu ta'ala so much that it
comes between you and your fear and leaves nothing of fear in
you." Thereupon his son; "Oh my father! I have a heart. If
I fill my heart with fear, it will hinder my hope. If I fill my heart with
hope, this hope will not allow any fear in my heart," he said. Luqman
Hakim; "O son! The believer has such a heart that it is like two
hearts. With one he hopes for the mercy of Allah Almighty, with the other he
fears the torment of Allah Almighty. (That is, the believer will be between
hope and fear. He cannot just hope and avoid torment. "He will be safe;
nor will he fall into fear and despair of the mercy of Allah."
4 9. One day, while
Dawud (peace be upon him) was knitting a vest from iron wire, Lokman Hekim
would come and ask, "What are you going to do with this?" But he
kept silent to avoid useless words. Dawud (peace be upon him) finished the
vest and put it on: "What a beautiful war!
— 165 —
Lokman Hekîm was very
happy to be patient and receive the answer and said: "Silence is
wisdom; But it is not for everyone's benefit." Hazrat Dawud knew the
situation with insight and said, "They call you Physician because you
deserve it."
5 0. One day, David
(peace be upon him) said to Hazrat Luqman; He said, "Slaughter a
sheep and bring two pieces of meat, the best of its whole body." So he
went and brought the heart with the tongue. Another time, he said, "Bring
the lowest parts." Again, he brought the heart with the tongue. When we
asked him why, he said: "The heart with the tongue. "If it is good,
it becomes the best of all good things; when it is bad, it becomes the worst of
all bad things," he said, pointing out that a person's goodness and evil
depend on his tongue and heart.
5 1. "My son!
Beware of lies, for it is as sweet as the flesh of a sparrow. Few can be saved
from it."
5 2. "My son! I
will recommend some qualities to you. If you fulfill these, you will be the
master of the community you belong to: "Be nice to everyone, no matter how
close or distant they are. Hide your ignorance from both good and
evil. Protect your friends. Visit your relatives and assure them that
you will not value snitching and will not listen to the words of rebellious
people who will disrupt the relationship. Choose such friends that when
you leave, neither you nor they will talk about you."
5 3. "O my son!
Three things are known by three things: Modesty in the moment of anger, bravery
in the battlefield, brotherhood in the hour of need."
5 4. "O my son!
Do not reject anything from your friends. But do not go so far as to act
differently than what Allah Almighty wants."
5 5. "O my son!
Sell this world and buy the hereafter. In this way, you will profit from both
aspects of your transaction. Do not sell your afterlife and
— 166 —
Don't take the
world. Because in this way, you will suffer losses from both sides."
5 6. "My son!
Although your heart is hard, do not try to show yourself as afraid of Allah so
that people will respect you."
5 7. "My
son! Be included in the assembly of knowledge, but do not argue with the
scholars and upset them. Take what is enough from this world and spend the rest
for the hereafter. Do not leave the world behind when you get into trouble and
become a burden on someone else. Fast, but let your fasting dampen your lust.
Fast in a way that breaks your fast. Do not join the assembly of mean people,
do not join the hypocrites."
5 8. "O my son!
When you go on a journey, keep your needle, thread, comb, mirror, and enough
medicine to meet your needs and the needs of those with you. Be good to your
friends, except for sins!"
5 9. "O my
son! Be generous in the middle, do not be extravagant."
6 0. "O my son!
Call a doctor before you get sick. Show respect to the doctor before you get
sick."
6 1. To Lokman Hekîm,
his son; "Oh my father! What is the best trait for a
person?" said. Lokman Hekîm; "It is religion," he
said. "What if there were two
traits?" said. "Religion and property," he
replied. "What if there were three
traits?" said. "Religion is wealth and modesty," he
said. "What if four?" said. "Religion, wealth,
modesty and good morals," he said. "What if there were five
traits?" When you say; "Religion, wealth, modesty, good
morals and lust (generosity)," he said. "What if
six?" When you say; He said, "O my son! If these five
qualities are collected in a person, that person will be pious, saintly, one of
the servants whom Allah has made close to Him, and will stay away from the
devil." Lokman Hekîm's son continued;
— 167 —
6 2. "Oh my
father! What is the worst longing?" said. Lokman
Hekîm; "The worst trait is blasphemy," he said. Son:
"And what are the two worst traits?" When you
say; "Blasphemy and arrogance," he said. "What if
three?" When you say; He said, "Blasphemy, arrogance, lack
of gratitude, that is, giving little thanks." "What if it's
four?" When you say; "It is blasphemy, arrogance, lack of
gratitude and stinginess," he said. When you say "if
five"; "It is blasphemy, arrogance, lack of gratitude,
stinginess and bad morals," he said. "Oh daddy, what if it's
six?" When you say; He said, "O my son, when these five bad
traits come together in one person, that person is a slayer. He is far from
Allahu Teala."
6 3. "My son! Do
not laugh at unnecessary things that are not surprising, do not travel in
unnecessary places, do not ask from people for whom it is not your duty. Do not
destroy your own wealth just to protect someone else's wealth. Your property is
what you spend and present for yourself. Someone else's property is what you
abandon on credit."
64. "Oğlum merhamet eden
merhamet bulur, sükût eden selâmete erer, hayır söyleyen kâr eder, kötü konuşan
günahkâr olur, diline hâkim olmayan pişmân olur."
65. "Oğlum! Sakın kesesi
eskidir (fakirdir) diye kimseye hakâret etme. Çünkü her ikinizin de Rabbi
birdir."
66. "Oğlum! Sonunu
gören pişmânlıktan emin olur."
67. Hekim'in oğluna devamla;
"Küçük şeylere küçük diye bakma, yarın büyük olur."
68. Hekim'in oğluna devamla;
"Küçükken terbiye edersen, büyüyünce faydasını görürsün."
69. "Ey oğlum!
Bilmediğin şeyi îaffi öğren. Bir kişiyle kardeşlik (dostluk) kurmak istediğin
zaman, önce onu gazaptandır. Eğer kızgınlığı ânında sana adâletle davranırsa,
yaklaş; yoksa ondan sakın!"
70. "Ey oğlum! Borçlu
olmaktan sakın. Çünkü gündüz zillet gece gam ve keder içinde olursun."
— 168 —
71. "Ey oğlum! Allahü
Teâlâ günâhımdan dolayı beni cezâlandırmaz diye ümitli olmadığın gibi,
rahmetinden de ümidini kesici olma."
72. "Ey oğlum!
Âlimlere karşı övünmek, akılsızlarla inatlaşmak, meclislerde ve toplantılarda
gösteriş yapmak için ilim öğrenme. İhtiyacım yok diyerek ilmi de terk etme.
73. "Ey oğlum!
Yalandan çok sakın. Çünkü dinini bozar ve insanlar yanında mürüvvetini azaltır.
Bununla hayânı, değerini ve makâmını kaybedersin."
74. "Ey oğlum! Hep
üzüntülü olma, kalbini dertli kılma. İnsanların elinde olana tamah etmekten
sakın. Kazâya râzı ol ve Allahü Teâlânın sana verdiği rızka kanâat et."
75. Beyhâkî, Süleyman
Temimi'den şöyle rivâyet etti: "Lokman Hekîm oğluna; "Ey oğlum!
Rabbigfirlî (Yâ Rabbî beni affet) duasını çok oku. Zirâ öyle bir an vardır ki,
Allahü Teâlâ o anda duâ edenin dileğini geri çevirmez" buyurdu."
76. Lokman Hekîm'e;
"Bize peygamberlerden öğrendiğiniz ilimleri özetleyerek, nefis
terbiyesine dâir, en derli koplu bir nasihat verir misiniz?" dediler.
Lokman Hekîm; "Evet, peygamberlerin ilimlerinden kendim için özetleyip
dünya ve âhiret işlerini üzerine kurduğum kısa bir sözü size de söyleyeyim.
Sekiz şeye dikkat eden, öncekilerin ve sonrakilerin ilimleriyle amel etmiş
olur. Bunlar dört zamanda dört şeyi korumak, iki şeyi hâtırdan çıkarmamak, iki
şeyi de tarnâmen unutmaktır. Korunacak şeyler; namazda gönül, halk arasında
dil, yiyip içme ânında boğaz, bir kimsenin evine girilince de öteye beriye
bakmamaktır. Hiç hatırdan çıkmaması gereken şeyler; Allahü Teâlâ'nın büyüklüğü
ile ölüm hâlidir. Unutulması gereken şeyler de;
— 169 —
bir kimseye yapılan
iyilik ve kendine yapılan kötülüklerdir" buyurdu.
77. "Yavrucuğum! Kötü
insanlardan Allahü Teâlâ'ya sığın böylece insanların en hayırlısı
olursun."
78. "Yavrucuğum! Dünyaya
gönül bağlama! Ona itimâd etme! Zirâ sen bunun için yaratılmadın. Allahü Teâlâ,
dünya nimetlerini, itâat edenlere yani müminlere sevâp, âsilere cezâ
kılmadı."
79. "Yavrucuğum!
Sakınılması lâzım olan bir husustan çok sakın! O da şudur. İnsanlar seni
Allah'dan korkuyor gördükleri hâlde, kalbin fâcirdir yâni günahla doludur."
Bu hususda Resûlullah efendimiz hadîs-i
şerîfde buyurdular ki: "Bâtınını (içini) ıslâh
eden eden kimsenin, dışını da Allahü Teâlâ ıslâh eder."
80. "Yavrucuğum! Sana
iki şey tavsiye ederim. Bunlara dikkat edersen dâimâ hayır üzere bulunursun.
Bunlar; geçineceğin para ve ödeyeceğin borcundur."
81. Lokman Hekîm oğluna:
"İnsanlara muhtaç olduğunu gösterme. Çünkü senin böyle yapman
zenginliktir. Tamahtan sakın. Çünkü tamah hazır bir fakirliktir. Namazını
dünyaya vedâ eden kimse gibi kıl. Özür dilemeyi gerektirecek şeylerden
sakın" buyurdu.
82. "Ey oğlum!
Hakk Teâlâya tâbi ol! Nasîhati önce kendine yap! Başkasına tavsiye
edeceğin şeylerle önce kendin amel et! Sözünü, bilgine, hâline göre
söyle!"
83. "Yavrucuğum! Sana
dost olanları, sıkıntılı zamanlarda dene!"
84. "Oğlum! Gençlik zamânmı
ganîmet bil! Bir işte akıllı ve ilim sâhibi kimselere danış!"
— 170 —
85. "Yavrucuğum! Dostlarına
da düşmanlarına da güler yüzlü ol! Dostlarına hürmet ve ikrâmda bulun!"
86. "Oğlum! Masraflarını
gelirine göre ayarla! İktisâd et! Aşırı gitme! Her işte îtidâl sâhibi ol yâni
orta yolu tercih et! Cömertliği âdet et!"
87. "Ey Oğlum! Büyüklerle
konuşurken sözü uzatma! Akrabaya karşı alâkanı kesme! Üzerinde ittifak olunmuş
şeye muhalefet etme! Hiç kimseye üstünlük taslama!"
88. "Oğlum! Kaş göz
işâretleri ile, hiç kimseyi küçük düşürecek hareketlerde bulunma! Başkasının
yanında kendini veya âileni medhetme!"
89. "Oğlum! Elinden-geldiği
kadar kavgadan, münakaşadan sakın! Dünya işleri için kendini fazla üzme! Kızdığın
zaman sözlerine dikkat et, ölçülü olmaya çalış! Büyüklerin önünden yürüme! Bir
kimse konuşurken araya laf karıştırma!"
90. Abdullah bin Vehb bildirdi
ki: "Birisi Lokman Hekîm'e; "İnsanların sana gelip, sözünü
dinlemelerine şaşıyorum" dedi. Lokman Hekim, ona; "Ey kardeşim! Sana
söyleyeceğime kulak verirsen, sen de böyle olursun" dedi ve şöyle ilâve
etti: "Beni, gördüğün duruma getiren şeyler; gözümü haramdan korumam,
dilimi tutmam, yemede iffetli ve ölçülü olmam, nâmusumu korumam, doğruyu söylemem,
ahdime vefâ etmem, misâfirime ikrâmda bulunmam, komşumu korumam ve beni
ilgilendirmeyen şeyleri terk etmenidir."
91. Lokman Hekîm'e;
"Terbiyeyi kimden öğrendin?" dediler. O da; "Terbiyesizlerden,
onların beğenilmeyen her şeyinden sakınmak sûretiyle" buyurdu.
"HiKmeti kimden öğrendin?" dediler. Basacakları yeri görür gibi,
bilmeden ayağını yere koymayan âmâlardan (körlerden)" buyurdu.
— 171 —
92. Resûl-i Ekrem
(salla’llâhü aleyhi ve sellem) Lokman Hekîm'den haber vererek; "Lokman,
oğluna; "Allahü Teâlâ kendisine emânet edilen şeyi korur. Ben de seni,
malını, dînini ve amelinin sonunu, Allahü Teâlâya emânet ediyorum"
dedi” buyurdu.
93. Lokman Hekîm'in
yüzük taşında; "Gördüğünü gizlemen, şüphe ettiğini açıklamandan daha
güzeldir" yazılı idi.
1) Tefsîr-i Mazharî, cild
7, sh.252
2) Tefsîr-i Kebîr, cild
25, sh.142
3) Tefsîr-i Kurtubî, cild
14, sh.57
4) Dürr’ül-Mensûr; cild 5,
sh.,162
5) Tefsîr-i Hâzin cild 5,
sh.214
6) Şeyhzâde Haşiyesi
7) Zâd'ülMesîr,cild6,sh.316
8) Rûh'ül Beyân; cild 7,
sh.66
9) Garâib'ül Kur'ân; cild
21, sh.45
10) Şihâb Hâşiyesi; cild
7, sh.133
11) Tefsîr-i Taberî; cild
21, sh.64
12) Ravdat'ül ebrâr; cild
1, sh.74
13) Mürûc'üz Zeheb; cild
1, sh.54
14) Feth’ül Bârî; cild 6,
sh.325
15) Sahîh-i Buhârî
16) Fusûs'ül Hikem, sh.206
17) El-Maârif, sh. 25
18) Muhâdarat'ül ebrâr;
cild 1, sh.139
19) Müzekk'in Nüfûs, sh.66
20) Ravdat'üs Sefâ;
sh.331-335
21) Lügât-i Târih ve
Coğrafya; cild 6, sh.141
22) Ahsen'ül Enbâ’ı, sh.
39
23) Mir'ât-ı Kâinât, sh.
193
24) Ramûz’ül-Ehâdis 332
— 172 —
İ) HZ. LOKMAN HEKÎM'İN İLK VE
SON NASÎHATLARI
Lokman Hekîm'in oğluna verdiği nasîhatlan
içinde Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'de zikredilen ilk nasihati, onun şirkten kaçınması
hakkındaki öğüdüdür:’0
"Yavrucuğum! Allah'a şirk koşma.
Rabbini tanı. Çünkü şirk, çok büyük bir zulümdür."’2’
Lokman Hekîm'in kendisinde görülen ve akla
delalet eden ilk hikmetinin "Kalb ve Dil Hikmeti" olduğu da bildirilmiştir.’3’
B) Son Nasîhatlan:
1. Lokman Hekîm'in son
tavsiyeleri arasında aşağıdaki öğütleri zikredilmiştir: "Yavrum! Avradı
sırdaş edinme. Avam ile dostluk eyleme. Alçak kişiden borç edinme..."’4’
2. Hz. Lokman Hekîm
insanın en sağlıklı bir biçimde yaşaması için adeta tıp ilmini özetlemiş ve şu
tavsiyede bulunmuştur:
"Ayağını sıcak tut, başını serin
Kendine bir işi bul da düşünme
derin."[5>
(1) l.H. Bursali: Rûh'ül Beyan: UT],
(2) Lokman Sûresi: 31/13,
(3) Rûh'ül Beyan: 7/76
(4) Taberî Tarihi: 1/381,
(5) Sıhhat Hazînesi, s. 113
— 173 —
3. Hz.
Lokman Hekîm’in, ölüm hastalığında iken son olarak oğluna aşağıdaki öğütleri
verdiği bildirilmiştir:
"Ey Oğlum! Ben sana çok vasiyet
ettim. Öğüt verdim. Bu hayat fanidir. Ben sana altı şeyi daha vasiyet ediyorum
ki, bunda evvelkilerin ve sonrakilerin ilmi vardır:
1. Dünyada ömründen kalanı
kadar uğraş.
2. Rabbine, ihtiyacın
kadannca ibadet et.
3. Âhiretin için, orada
kalacağın kadar çalış.
4. Kölenin kölelikten
kurtulmaya çalıştığı gibi, sen de cehennemden kurtulmaya gayret et. Çünkü ondan
kurtulduğun açık değildir.
5. Allah'a isyan edeceğin
zaman, Allah ve meleklerinin göremeyeceği bir yer ara.
6. Cehennemde Allah'ın
azâbına sabredebileceğin kadar, günah işlemeğe cüret et."(6)
(6) Mecalis-i
Sinaniyye, s. 450
— 174 —
K) PENDNAME VE EMSAL-I
LOKMAN HEKÎM
(Hz. LOKMAN HEKİM’İN
ÖĞÜT VE HİKMETLERİ)
— 175 —
— 176 —
Yer yüzü halkı arasında âlim, Maden içindeki altın gibidir.
Alim, câhili bilir: Çünkü o önce câhildi.
Câhil, âlimi bilmez: Çünkü o âlim olmadı.
Alimin bir tek günü,
Câhilin hayatının tamamından daha hayırlıdır.
F: 12
(Emsâl-i Lokman Hekîm ve Bazı Akvâli'l Arap: 2, 14, 95)
— 177 —
— 178 —
PENDNÂME-İ LOKMAN HEKÎM
MANZÛM TERCÜMESİ
ESER
Medîne-i Münevvere Sabık Kadısı
It was issued with the license numbered 503 and dated 5 Muharram year 324
and 15 February year 321 of the Ministry of Education.
Dersaâdet Mahmud Bey Printing House
1324
The book is registered in the Hüdai
section of Üsküdar Hacı Selim Library, number 3/679.
— 179 —
— 180 —
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
INTRODUCTION
As it is not secret among the people of
science, perfect scholars - may God have mercy on them - do not confine the
honor of knowledge, perfect knowledge and good morals that they have acquired
through the blessings of Fahr-i Murselîn Aleyhisselam to themselves, but the
good habits they have acquired are, according to the ruler of Mr. Ahmedî,
selfish desires and He never sees it as appropriate to leave those who are
carried away by their desires in their debauchery and debauchery, and always
says:
"Ud'u ila sabil-i Rabbike bil hikmeti
vel mav'izetil haseneh..."®
(O Prophet! Call to the way of your Lord
with wisdom and good advice and fight with them in the best way...) When they
invite them to the path of wisdom, the companionship of prosperity and
happiness by saying soft words that are the bond of the hearts according to the
glorious concept of grace, they are one of them. partial:
Şem' if the invitation was coned in
vakî-ifurûz
Can pervâne ni perhized zi suz
(If one is invited to the illuminating
light in due time,
The soul becomes a butterfly circling
around the light, why should it be afraid of fire?)
( 1) Holy
Quran, Surah Nahl: 16/125.
— 181 —
He accepts the invitation in the verse and therefore joins the scientific
assembly in the Garden of Reyhan. The assembly of knowledge is, for him,
gardens of tulips and roses, and although the people of advice know that some
people heard the invitation that attracts this salvation and did not accept it,
and they were aware that some useless people objected to them because of this
invitation, they continued to give their advice and advice with care. They do
not hear objections and do not take them into account.
And with perseverance in this profession
of righteousness:
"Baz perran kon hamam ruh kir
Der reh-i davet tarek-i Nuh kir
Even though the customer is a helper
"Dâvet-i din kon ki davet-i var
dast"
(A falcon flying into the bath gets dirty.
He who follows Noah's path is on the path
of invitation.
Although the person who buys a mansion has
a burden on his hands;
Invite them to the religion; you also have
the wealth of invitation in your hands.)
They cannot help but constantly give
advice to those who have fallen into the valley of debauchery. Like that
just doctor who takes precautions to treat the patient for a month and arranges
the medicines, the patient says to the doctor because of the illness he is
suffering from:
- Because of the undesirable treatments he
gave to the doctor with various manipulations on the grounds that "I am
tired of these drugs. It is impossible for me to drink them anymore..."
— 182 —
The physician will never
be upset. He continues the treatment by using appropriate words, loosening
his reins a little and not leaving him unattended; However, by putting the
necessary medicines in the form of lemonade or syrup, he finds a way to make
the patient drink and use the necessary medicines in a controlled
manner. As a result, that disease will gain health and well-being day by
day, with the doctor's wise actions and attitudes in the manner described and
using the necessary medicines, and the patient will regret the hostile
treatment he received from the doctor.
Here, the wise and perfect people who are
useful with their existence, just like the good doctors, read the provisions of
the Great Qur'an, the honorary of the worlds, Hz. By writing the hadiths
of Muhammad (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam), some funny stories, and
astonishing stories, they are determined to make the language patients and
those who are not well-off drink, and those who are not on the path of
prosperity, to prevent them from debauchery and to purify them, on the path of
dignity and happiness. It has been proven by the useful works of many authors
that his friends have commanded to gain value.
The main purpose of this
"Preface" is to find many valuable advices and testaments from the
companions of knowledge, knowledge, perfection and truth to the human race day
by day, in authoritative books and treatises that are the summary of the Quran
and the Sunnah, and especially by some religious mujtahids. The writing
and classification of Siyer-i Kebîr, İhyâ-yı Ulûm, Fütûhât-ı Mekkiyye,
Mesnevî-i Ma'nevl 2 and similar popular books, which are
the useful authors of the sheikhs and the people of certainty, in terms of the
deeds and beliefs of the deceased ummah. of bright sharia
( 2) Owners of
the valuable works listed above: Siyer-i Kebîr: İmam Muhammed (132-189 Hijri),
İhyâ-ı Ulûm: İmam Gazâlî (452-505 Hijri), Fütûhat-ı Mekkiyye: Muhyiddîn-i Arabî
(560-638). Hijrî), Mesnevî-i Ma'nevî: They were written by Mevlâna
Celaaleddîn-i Rûmî (Born: 672 Hijrî-Belh).
— 183 —
Even if they properly
visit the main street and seriously consider the valuable works mentioned for
charitable purposes, they will attain moral beauty.
The capital of this poor servant is Ahmed Rashid from Asitâne (Istanbul) -
May Almighty Allah forgive him and his parents. He was the judge of Medina-i
Münevvere in the years of one thousand three hundred nineteen and twenty Hijri
and accompanied the Belde-i Tahir to Harem-i Şerif Hz. Seyyidü'l-Anbiyâ
Aleyhi Ekmelü's Salavât ve Etemmi't Tahâya, the umdetü'l ulemâi's-sâlihîn
Şeyhül-İslâm-ı Esbak Arif Hikmet Bey Efendi, who is located in the vicinity of
happiness, can visit and study during holidays in their very well-organized and
charming beautiful libraries. Among the exquisite books and distinguished
treatises that I have reviewed, there is a season called (Pend-nâme-i Lokman
Hekîm Cihet-i Ferzend) written with beautiful calligraphy, written in the
exquisite calligraphy of Hodja Imadüddîn, one of the famous Iranian
calligraphers, and with Persian phrases, among the Arabic and Persian works of
past writers. I had considered a (marked) pendenname.
As the sentence is known, Hz. There was a disagreement among the
scholars in Luqman's Prophethood: Hz. He is the son of Ayyub's sister or
his aunt's son and his namesake is Ebû'l-En'um. It is written in the
commentary that he was born in the tenth year of the reign of David (peace be
upon him), that he did not speak without a reason, that he was in silence and
silence, that he acted with caution, that he was given wisdom as a divine
blessing, that all his words and deeds were accurate, and that he constantly
gave advice and advice to his son. Those who want to know the poet's
states and attitudes in detail should consult tafsir books.
This humble servant wrote the above-mentioned brilliant book, a treasure
trove of guiding advice, in the Persian language.
— 184 —
Each of the
aforementioned Pendnâme, which is truly a "Treasury of Wisdom" as it
consists of thirty-four pieces of advice with good intentions and is beneficial
to the younger brethren (brothers) and especially to children, is easy to
understand, to be advised with the mentioned advices, to attain the blessings
of Allah Almighty, and has collected many benefits. I transferred and
translated it clearly into the Turkish language (Ottoman) with five couplets.
The few words of this "Pendnâme"
indicate many meanings and benefits. As a matter of fact, the word
"language" consists of 34 letters and two (d-1) letters, 0 ':
"Câm-ı cem raki şenîdî dil Âdem based"
According to the verse (The language of
Cem-şîd that you heard was the language of Prophet Adam), the tongue, which is a
small piece of flesh in appearance, is capable of being used by truth-loving
people, as a perfect person possesses many knowledge and wisdom, and perhaps
even the secrets of the world. It is a wise man's work that will benefit them
and be enlightened.
If the Brotherhood, which has condescended
to consider the translation of this poem, has found some mistakes and
inappropriate expressions, it is hoped that they will correct the writing and
cover up my mistakes.
( 3) In Abjad calculation, it represents the
numbers (d): 4 and (L): 30, the sum of both of which equals (34).
( 4) Glass:
(f) glass, goblet, mug, ke's: Câm-ı mey: Wine glass,
Câm-ı Cem: The magic cup of Cem, also known as "Cem-şîd", who is
considered the inventor and mistress of wine in the Persian Empire, and is one
of the poetic mysteries of Alexander. (Şemseddin Sami: Kamus-ı Türkî, p.
465)
In my opinion, what is meant in the above verse is this: The origin of
people is Hz. Just like Adam, the origin of languages is Arabic. The
language has been integrated through the line from Adam to his sons: Sid,
Idris, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad AJeyhimussalam. Allah
knows best.
— 185 —
A concise Pendnâme, liki meaning interpreted
Nush u wisdom, there are many nefi
manend-i Nîl.
Surely every foundation is devoted to the
Book and the Sunnah,
Evidence for the safe path, both worldly
and otherworldly.
Make the evil eye look, every paragraph is
pure evil,
Kulzüm-i dürr-i nesayih is the word though
kalîl,
It is unworthy to see
this gem by seeing the words of the word, Even though a diamond is small, its
value is very low.
I translated every verse
with five couplets, Let everyone understand your meaning, so that only one word
remains.
My goal is to have
mansions like myself, my aim is to give advice in the literal sense.
Especially, let it be a
pure memory, He takes pleasure in this beauty and beauty.
If he saw it in my poetry, he would say
shame, mistake-pûşân nihan
This is the wisdom of wisdom.
I translated this pendi
for the sake of the people, Make the glass nushi nuş, Rashid, Selsebîl if you
wish.
— 186 —
1 . It is a short
pendname, but it has a long meaning and contains advice and wisdom. It has
many benefits, it is almost like the Nile.
2 . Undoubtedly,
every advice is in accordance with the Quran and Hadith. It has been
evidence of the right path in this world and the hereafter.
3 . Look carefully,
every joke is a ship of salvation. Although his words are few, his advice
is the pearl of the Red Sea.
4 . Even though the
diamond is small, its value is very high. Do not despise this jewel
because you see the scarcity of words.
5 . I translated each
advice in verse with five couplets. Everyone should understand the
meaning, and there should be gossip like "he said, it was said..."
that is not understood.
6 . "Nasîhatnâme"
is unique in its wording and meaning. My aim is for those who are
deficient like myself to have a share in it.
7 . Give plenty of
fruits as gifts, especially to children. People were created beautifully,
let them enjoy their fruits and scents.
8 . If those who
conceal mistakes see faults in my poetry, they hide them. This is the
custom of great men in the assembly of wisdom.
9 . I translated this
pendi to the people so that they could drink it. Rashid, if you wish to
drink Selsabil (delicious water) from the fountain of Heaven, drink also the
wine of advice (keep the advice given).
__ 187 _
Irham bihâl-ı abdike yâ
vâhibe'l atâ Venzur biâyn-i lutfike yâmazhara's sehâ Leysel Hakim'u gayruke yâ
mâlike'l property Yâ vâcibe'l vücudveyâ sâhibe'l bekâ
Open your flower of wisdom, let your tongue be in peace, may it be from the
record of the heavens, O noble freedom, open the mirror of my heart, so that I
can see the things properly.
Karîn and mercy be to the clear truth
until the manifestation of guidance
Ve minallahi't tevfik ve hüve ni'ıne'r-refik.
O my forgiving God! Have mercy on the situation of your servant.
O my generous God! Look at me with your gracious look.
Oh my God, the sultan of sultans! There is no Judge other than You.
Oh my God, the owner of eternity! O whose existence is from himself
My God!...
O my generous God! Unveil the rosebud of wisdom, make the garden of
the heart happy, the nightingales are free from the shadow of darkness.
let it be.
Let the eyes of my heart
be opened, so that I can see things properly. Make me close to the people
of truth, so that I may be guided.
Guidance comes from Allah and what a wonderful Protector He is.
— 188 —
TRANSLATION-İ MANZÜME-İ PENDNAME-İ
LOKMAN HEKİM CİHET İ FERZEND
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
1 . Hey
bastard! God bless God.
Know God Almighty, O intelligent One, He is the One
Genius is present and omnipotent and majestic.
His essence existed while the worlds were always non-existent.
While there are no sunrises of heaven, there are no angels, no
Then he performed these with the command of ī'cad.
The people of peace realize that your existence is different from things.
Don't forget Allah in any situation, zinhar
O my beloved, do all your deeds with the consent of God.
Târik-ı râh-ı Hudâ's will be the mahur states
Isn't it possible to deviate from the path of Meh, giriftâr-ı hüsûf?
— 189 —
POETRY TRANSLATION OF LOKMAN HEKİM'S ADVICE TO HIS SON
In the name of Allah
(cc), the Most Merciful and Merciful...
1 . O
Son! Get to know Allah Almighty. (one)
1 . Know God Almighty, O intelligent child, He is the
One. And the being is rich, powerful and noble.
2 . While the worlds, the sun and the sky, humans and
angels, the moon and stars did not exist, his essence existed.
3 . Then He created them out of nothing with the
command "kun". (2) A wise person clearly understands
His existence from the things He creates and believes in Him.
4 . O Son! Do not forget Allah in all
situations. Do everything in accordance with God's consent.
5 . The situation of those who abandon the path of
Allah becomes fearful. O you caught in the lunar eclipse! Isn't it
possible to stray from the path of the moon?
Note: 1. In the Tafsir of Rûhü'l Beyân, it is said that Hz. The first
advice that Luqman Hekîm gave to his son is the advice given in the thirteenth
verse of Luqman Surah, about avoiding polytheism: "My child! Do not
associate partners with Allah (know your Lord). Because polytheism is a great
injustice." (Same work: 7/77)
2. "Kün" means "be". In the Holy Quran, this word
"kün", which is mentioned in eleven verses, is derived from the same
root as "teku" and "tekün". Both of them are mentioned
together in the sixteenth verse of Luqman Surah. Almighty Allah says in the
eighty-second verse of Yasin Surah: "If Allah says to something "kun
(be)", it becomes "fayekun" (that thing immediately).
— 190 —
2. No matter where I
am pend u nasihat nuhust every or work
if.
Whatever advice you give, remember it
first and act on it.
See that judgment is fulfilled within
yourself.
Come to your senses, oh nice dirty person,
first tehzîb
Make the people a blessing and bless the
mercy of peace.
You don't take advantage of nushile nasi
at any time
Don't act against your ego so that you stay
giryan
Ru-siyeh heats up the furnace and bath
It regulates the pure and the pure.
In short, do the profit with the pend I
said.
Don't be like a furnace maker, you
unnazîf, you a'kal
2 . Whatever
you give advice or advice, do it yourself first. (one)
1 . Whatever advice you give, do it
first. Then, continue to apply the judgment of that advice within
yourself.
2 . O good son! First, adorn your mind and
soul with good morals. And encourage the people to the path of goodness
with good advice.
3 . Even though you help people benefit with
your good advice at every moment, do not forget your self so that you do not
cry.
4 . Even though the bath keeper has a black
face, since he lights the bath and heats the water, his service makes the
common people and the air pure and clean.
5 . Oh my clever child! Finally, correct
your work and deeds with the advice I gave you, and do not be black-faced like
the furnace owner!
Note: 1. Let's point out the forty-fourth verse of Surah
Al-Baqara. This verse says: "Do you command people to do good and
forget yourselves?"
— 191 —
3 . Suhan
biendâze-i hish güy.
Think about your own
place and do not exceed the amount of words and do not interrupt the speech.
Don't tell the people, whatever you hear,
keep it in memory
Those who want to misjudge you, the people
of appeal
Don't you dare to talk too much.
Then don't regret it by making a
pilgrimage
Present how to perform etnâb-ı kalam
Even if the words "Tell Hazmile"
come, it's time for sunset.
Don't say anything, you are a mellow
person
Always wise in digestion and silence
3 . Consider
the word, then say it.
1 . Think about your own level and start
speaking accordingly, do not exceed your limits, and do not extend your speech.
2 . Whatever you hear, do not tell the people,
hold your tongue, say little; lest the distinguished people put you to
shame.
3 . Don't dare to start speaking without
thinking carefully, and then stay silent and regret it in shame.
4 . Even if it's time to speak, say it with
swallowing. Don't prolong the word; Don't go so far as to tell people
your secret.
5 . Especially do not speak useless words that
will bore people. Intelligent people are always determined and silent.
— 192 —
Appreciate my love, show love
Especially if the people of knowledge are
knowledgeable, remember
He who respects the skill of the people of
the Ummah becomes Hurrem.
His speeches and precautions are a balm
for the tongue.
Merd-i safâ ayn-ı güher, which is
difficult to choose
Such self-sacrificing sacrifices are made
by the people of the world
May you always show respect according to the circumstances of your soul, so
that they may serve you.
Knowing that you are in good command and
not complying with it is a flaw
So that you may find a flaw in your
dignity
1 . Appreciate people and show them
love. Keep him dear, especially if he is one of those with wisdom.
2 . He who respects those with knowledge and
skill becomes happy; Their kind words and kind measures will be a cure for
heartache.
3 . Like the jewel, the honorable person is
difficult to choose; Those with insight would sacrifice their lives for
such a patriotic person.
4 . Respect the creatures according to their
condition at all times; so that they can serve you by sacrificing their
lives.
! 5.
Do not fail to appreciate and respect people,
F: 13
May you find adorned and high mansions prepared in the clear garden.
— 193 —
Reveal to no one your secret of action, O beloved. Even if it were, the
beloved one would not reveal your secret of telling.
Whoever you tell it to,
don't think that your secret will remain. In the end, it will be a secret that
comes from two people, of course it is obvious.
If there is anyone who can make a secret,
it is the phoenix in the world.
Put your consent in the cellar and destroy
it
Oh my God, how does the evil eye keep the secret? What will run into the
secret and lose its luster?
May it please you, mother Nezid, and also a begayet letter.
Dehen u lebs seem to be the sad ones of that group
S . O
son! Keep your own secret: Do not tell your secret to your friend.
1 . O friend! Do not reveal your secrets to
anyone; Even if you are a faithful lover, do not tell your secret.
2 . Don't assume that your secret will remain
secret no matter who you tell it to. A secret that comes out of two lips
will of course become known and spread.
3 . If there is anyone in the world who
can keep a secret, it is the "phoenix". Put your secret in the cellar
and destroy the key.
4 . Look in the mirror how it keeps its secret; What
can you say, the one who reveals the secret will not have any grace left.
5 . The secrets of those whose mouths and lips
are sealed are kept secret.
— 194 —
6 . Merdüm-ra
be-vakt-ı hışm azmây.
Experience Adam in his time of wrath.
Take care of your surroundings for a long time.
Is it in line with the wisdom of the Sharia or not?
It is known that a person's thoughts in his anger
If he overdoes it, consider that defeated desire as rape.
It is subject to the soul, whatever you say, it does not reject it.
If a carcass of wrath attacks a perfect man,
The soldier is at peace with the memory of mehzûm
Whoever recognizes the nature of man in pity, regards the moment as the
secret of anger as an animal
6 . Experience
the person when he is angry.
1 . Try a person when he is angry, take a
good look at that person's behavior and actions, and how he does his job.
2 . Is what he did in accordance with the Sharia
law or not? A person's ideas are known when he is angry.
3 . Know that you are defeated by the
desires of the one who violates your place, he will not listen to whatever you
say; because he followed his ego.
4 . If a soldier of anger attacks a mature
person, the meek soldier will repel him and defeat him with his patience and
endurance.
5 . The wine of anger reveals the true
nature of man. Whoever gets drunk with anger, consider him an animal.
— 195 —
7 . Dost-ra
beseved and suffered a test.
Whoever gives you pure desire in this
moment of grace
All in all, do not think that it is a
faithful moment.
In the future, whoever does so will show
brotherhood.
Don't trust that if there is a question,
digest it a little.
Tell me with those kinds of stories and
smooth words
He shows his sincerity and humility and
continues in unity.
Become a friend of trial, even though you
may suffer losses.
Hypocritical lovers appear with our
faithful friends.
If you ask for cash, they will show you a
waste of money.
If so, know the right moment, my faithful
friend.
7 . Try
the person you will make a friend, what benefit or harm can it do to you?
1 . Whoever comes to you in your wealthy time
pretending to be a friend, do not assume that he is your sincere friend and
loyal friend.
2 . Do not believe anyone who shows brotherhood
in his time of happiness, but remember and examine him a little.
3 . He speaks bravely by telling various
stories. He continues to get along well by appearing correct and modest.
4 . Try the person you make as a friend, what
benefit or harm can it bring to you? So that your hypocrite, your dear
friend, may be revealed.
5 . Ask him for wealth and property, explain to
him that you are damaged. If he consoles you, consider him your best
friend.
— 196 —
8 . Dost
zeyrek and dana old man.
Be a friend, hold Adam, who is wise and
wise
Nush u tārāyayyle tâ bulasın râh-ı selim
Without it, there would be no friend, no
intelligence, no effectiveness.
The wise man becomes the enemy of the child
If there is no difference between Fârık-ı
nîk, it is muhih.
Because he cannot know what is good, he
spoils every benefit with his ignorance.
Chemistry is that gift, whoever is that
muhib?
Whatever your problem is, tell me and get
the news about it.
Man always needs such a wise friend.
With good judgment, the fruit of the
purpose is attained.
8 . Make
friends with knowledgeable and wise people.
1 . Make a knowledgeable and wise person your
friend so that you can find the path to salvation with his advice and
precaution.
2 . If a friend is not intelligent, he will be
of no use to him, his actions will be faulty, a smart enemy is better than a
stupid friend.
3 . If a friend does not notice good and bad,
stay away. Because the one who does every flawed act out of ignorance
cannot know what is good.
4 . A friend who has knowledge and skill is like
chemistry; Tell him about your difficult affairs and get news from him.
5 . Such an intelligent friend is always necessary
for man. As a result, with a good idea, the desired fruit is obtained.
— 197 —
9 . I'm
not sure if I'll be able to do it.
He will see you, the foolish one, and make
your escape immediately.
The word tightens the flesh, makes Adam
weak
An ignorant person with a defective mind
and bad manners
The pine trees fall down wherever they
may,
It is not possible, this foolish friend of ours, Gülşene cannot enter the
tongues of the people like a crow, but cannot fly with a nightingale.
If he convinces me, won't the stone cause harm to the bottle?
The arrogant council will never forget
His words give the
effect of grief to the soul, but there is no difference between a scoundrel and
an ill-mannered person.
9 . Run
away from the stupid and ignorant man, run away,
1 . When you see a stupid and ignorant person,
run away immediately; Their behavior bores people, their words bore them.
2 . A person who is lacking in intelligence,
ill-spoken, ill-mannered, and very ignorant will topple trees wherever his
body's lightning strikes.
3 . A fool cannot be a true friend to the people
of the heart. A crow cannot enter the rose garden but cannot fly with the
nightingale.
4 . Wouldn't the bottle be damaged if a stone
was thrown nearby? Intelligent people often avoid ignorant people.
5 . The words and actions of the ignorant cause
grief to the soul; A rude person is no different from a scoundrel.
— 198 —
1 0. Dost
ve aşna-ra be vakt-ı rene ve shtî azmây.
Make it an experience, a loving companion
in the moment of misfortune
Sufeha deceives many people with her
elegance.
He hypocrites in time, all kinds of hulûs
Because seeing you is the source of
happiness,
Those things that will disappear will not
come to your neighborhood
Maybe he would despise you, otherwise your
situation
Do not think that every loving earth is a
lover.
Give it a try and experience will become
apparent.
The mother is the most loyal companion, she comes at the right time and at
the right time, and gives her help.
1 0. A
friend is evident on a dark day.
1 . Make your loyal friends experience in times
of trouble and calamity; Dissolute people deceive people by showing many
kinds of love.
2 . The hypocrite shows all kinds of sincerity
in times of blessing, because he wants to benefit from your wealth.
3 . When you no longer have your goods, he won't
come to your neighborhood. Maybe he will criticize you when your
respectable state is gone.
4 . Don't think that everyone who seems friendly
is your soulmate, keep experiencing; He is a close friend and is known for
his ideas.
5 . The people of loyalty, who are constant and
faithful in their friendship, first of all become his dear friends and come to
him in times of dishonesty, trouble and trouble, and support him.
— 199 —
1 1. The
profit of goodness is serious.
All in all, make your money rich in good
deeds, oh sir.
In short, with his help and effort, the
nef-i katir
May you do good deeds, crush your tongue
and soul hezl-i himem
No, because your work will be fulfilled,
my nef-i umem
Be serious about doing good, both
physically and physically.
Remembering the name of the people with
good deeds
God commanded with devotion to piety
May you make a blessing in every place of
work.
Do good deeds in the world as much as you
can.
May you find glory and exalted degrees
1 1. Be
steadfast and continue in good deeds with your life and property.
1 . Hey old man! Spend all your efforts and
money on good works, many useful things will be done with your efforts and
work.
2 . May you wholeheartedly give your services to
the cause of good; Because doing good deeds will benefit the ummah.
3 . Persevere and continue with wealth, body,
and good deeds seriously; People will remember his name with goodness
until the day of judgment.
4 . Allah commanded: "Help each other in
goodness and piety" (al-Maidah: 5/2); May you always work for
goodness and goodness.
5 . As long as you have power in the world, do
good and you will be honored with high degrees in this world and the hereafter.
— 200 —
1 2. Tadbir
ba mardüm-i muslih ü dânâkon.
İdegör âlim-i muslih ile târ-i umûr
It shows the mercy of the savior, the
people of skill, the mercy of the Quran
Those who are perfect are guided by
contemplating a profit.
There is no doubt that the work of the
beautiful form is
completed. /
The wisdom and war of the swords made
everything work together
He who seeks guidance will be guided to
the right path. Encouragement
1 2. O
son! Do your work in consultation with learned and knowledgeable people
who reform.
1 . Continue
to turn things around with the scholar who corrects; A blind person with
skill shows the right path.
2 . If a
person of perfection begins every task by contemplating, there is no doubt that
he will finish the task beautifully.
3 . A
scholar does everything in accordance with wisdom and sharia; It also
encourages those who ask for advice to the right path.
— 201 —
1 5. Dear
friends and benefactors.
Hold your lover and lover with dignity
Make the moments nuvazîş with generosity
and respect
Friends are worthy of honor and blessings,
lâ-rayb
It is a shame to raise Himem-i lutfı.
We read "innemel insane abîdü'l
ihsan"
Take care of your companions, O dear soul.
If a foreigner sees him, he will become a
servant and serve.
If you don't have the grace to abde,
sometimes he goes to the abdomen.
Be careful, if you know the companions,
the faithful ones.
Friendly doctor is for the person's
troubles
1 5. O
son! Cherish all your friends and loved ones.
1 . Cherish all
your friends and lovers and reward them with generosity and respect.
2 . There is no
doubt that friends are worthy of respect and kindness. It is a shame to
withhold effort and grace from them.
3 . We read:
"Man is the slave of goodness." 0 ' O son! Make
the memories of your friends pleasant with your grace.
4. Yabancı görse insanlık
gösterir, hizmet eder; kula lütfetmez isen dağ ve çöle gider.
5. Sâdık bildiğin dostlara
hürmet eyle, saygı göster, mahâretli doktor (hekim), kişinin derdine dost olur.
Not: 1. "İnnemel insan abîdü'l ihsan
(insan iyiliğin kölesidir)" ve "Bil birri yiista' bedül hür (iyilikle
hür kişi köle kılınır)" sözlerinin her ikisi de Hz. Ali Kerremallahü
Vechehü Hazretlerinin vecîzeleridir.
— 204 —
16. Ba
dost ve düşman pîşanî kuşade dar.
Düşman ve dosta et lutfu beşaşet izhar
Kılma a'dâyı bed-endîşe hakaret izhar
Münhasır kalmaya lütf-u
nazarın ihvâna iltifat eyle hem a'dâ-yı bed-endişâna
Kıl tecâhül sana
düşmandan erer cevr-u eza
Edegör sabr u tahammül
bulur âhir o belâ
Anı zâhirde muhibbin
gibi tut kıl taltif Tâ ki düşmanlığını etmeye hasid taz'îf
16. Dost
ve düşmana lütuf ve güler yüz göster.
1. Dost ve düşmana
güleryüz göster ve lütüfkâr davran; düşmanı kötü endişeli kılma, ona hakaret
etme,
2. Lütüfkâr bakışın,
yalnız kardeşlere münhasır kalmasın; hem kötü düşünen düşmanlara da iltifat
eyle.
3. Sana düşmandan
zulüm ve eziyet ererse, bilmemezlikten gel; Sabır ve tahammül göster, sen
ecrini alırsın, o neticede belâsını bulur.
4. Düşmanı,
görünüşte dostun imiş gibi tut, onu taltif eyle, tâ ki hasedçi düşman,
düşmanlığını artırmasın.
— 205 —
17. Mader
ü peder-ra azîz dar.
Peder ve maderi i'zaz ile kıl şâd-ü karîr
Etme hürmette kusûr onları lâzım tevgîr
ister evlâdını âlî ola dâim ebeveyn
Bulunur onları tatyîb ile izz-i dâreyn
Valideynin olur evlâdda hakk-ı bisyâr
Emreder onlara ihsan ile Rabb-ı Settâr
Sana hizmetleri çok vakt-i tufûliyette
Siyyema vakt-i şedâidde dem-i kedrette
Her dem evlâda garazsız hizmet etmişler
Bâb-ı eşfak ü mürüvvette sebat etmişler
17. Ey
oğul! Ana ve babayı aziz tut, haklarına riayet eyle.
1. Ana ve babaya
hürmet etmekle memnun ve mesrûr kıl, hürmette kusûr etme, onlara tazîm
lâzımdır.
2. Ebeveyn, dâimâ
evlâdının yükselmesini ister. Dünya ve âhiret şerefi, ancak ana ve babaya hoş
muâmele etmekle kazanılır.
3. Valideynin, evlâd
üzerinde pek çok hakkı vardır; günahları örten Allahü Teâlâ:"Ana ve babaya
ihsan ile" emreder.0’
4. Çocukluk vaktinde
sana çok hizmetleri olmuştur, hele hastalık ve keder zamanında daha ziyade
hizmet etmişlerdir.
5. Her zaman evlâda
karşılıksız hizmette bulunmuşlar, şefkat ve insanlık hususunda sebat
etmişlerdir.
Note: 1. Parental rights are explained in
the fourteenth and fifteenth verses of Luqman Surah. In summary, these
verses say: "We advised man to his parents (We commanded him to obey
them)... Be grateful to Allah and your parents... Get along well with them in
this world..."
— 206 —
1 8. Ustad
gave the best fathers.
Obey the master, know the moment as ayn-i
güher
He teaches the knowledge of literature and
helps his horse.
Always drawing you to the work of good
manners and righteousness
He longed for Rifat-i Kadrîn's idea and
body
Vesh-i ignorance will not leave you, they
will make you pure, edîh
He practices his morals by teaching them
good manners.
Know such a master as your father and
mother.
May you receive education from that gifted
person.
The Jewel of Heaven embellishes you with
skill,
I'll make it, I'll make it clear, here's
the explanation ■
1 8. Keep a
good master in the place of a parent.
1 . Respect
your master's rights, consider it a precious jewel; He tries to elevate
you by teaching you knowledge and good manners.
2 . It
always draws you to good morals and the path of righteousness; He devoted
his material and spiritual existence to the value of advancement.
3 . Edib
does not leave the dirt of ignorance and makes you pure; By teaching good
manners, he improves his morals.
4 . Consider
such a master superior to your parents. Learn from that talented tutor.
5 . It
adorns you with the jewel of knowledge and skill and pleases you. In
conclusion, I give you strong good news.
— 207 —
1 9. Ferzend-ra
ilim ve adeb bayamuz
Make your son beautiful with the tricks of
knowledge
Olafaide-yâb with honorable knowledge and
knowledge
Commit to a master mother beaker of
education
By teaching and showing knowledge and good
manners, both the Prophet and the people
One must be a guardian of knowledge of
morality and be very careful.
Good morals give a person great capacity.
May the child stay away from the father,
not from the sufeha
These have made so many children miserable
and miserable
Let your son stay and study with his
master
With knowledge and good manners, he is
honored with glory
1 9. Adorn
your child with knowledge and good morals.
1 . Hasten
to adorn your son with the adornment of knowledge; May it be useful with
the honor of knowledge and wisdom.
2 . Choose
a teacher to teach him every knowledge; Let him teach knowledge and good
manners and show the right path.
3 . However,
one should be very careful about the science of good morality; Good moral
conduct gives a person great competence.
4 . Let
not only children, but even fathers stay away from evil people; They left
many children in misery and made them cry.
5 . Let
your son not leave his master and continue his education; It makes
knowledge, good manners and good morals worthy of respect and admiration.
— 208 —
2 0. Din ra
ez beher art cihan ve direm ra ez beray in cihan nigah dar.
It is religion, it is necessary to pay
attention to the divine mother
With religion, one can find rifat in every
work.
Keep your religion for the sake of ukba,
keep it safe and secure
He will ask about the commandment of
religion first in that world.
Save the maple, it is essential money for
this world
Don't stay there until you're helpless in
leveling your affairs.
In this world, any work can be
accomplished immediately with cash.
Bîtab brings you to the ultimate
destination
zer u sîm, oh yar, with memory according
to need
Don't be grateful for the world
2 0. Religion
is the substance sent from that world to protect this world. 0 '
1 . Religion is
a divine law that must be observed, and a person attains a high and great rank
by being religious in every work.
2 . Preserve
and protect the religion for the afterlife, because in that world, Allah will
first ask about the command of the religion.
3 . Save the
maple for this world, money is necessary. So that you don't feel helpless
in arranging your affairs.
4 . Money takes
care of everything in this world immediately and gets you to your destination
without getting tired.
5 . O
son! Preserve gold and silver according to need; Don't be grateful to
strangers for the sake of the world, and don't be ashamed.
F: 14
Note: 1. The words "religion" in
the thirty-second verse of Luqman Surah, "afterlife" meaning
"that world" in the fifth verse, and "world" meaning
"this world" are used in the fifteenth and thirty-third verses of the
same sura.
— 209 —
2 1. Hare
be endaze-i dahi kon.
Whatever you spend,
mother, set a limit. Don't go outside, and if you want to be in your place, you
will be safe.
Whatever is necessary,
take it and move it as much as you need, and move it to that level with careful
savings.
Don't do a futile effort, don't look at the sufeha.
Then you fall into a lot of debt and don't burn the house
Be careful to handle the administrative work well.
Bezl-i Himmet in the wise works by doing
Whoever stretches his
feet beyond his quilt will make himself cold and extinguish the final hearth.
1 . Whatever
your expense is, set a measure for it. If you want to be sure of the measure,
don't go out.
2 . Spend
whatever is necessary to meet the need, and import it with care and economy.
3 . Do
not spend in vain, do not look after dissolute people; Don't fall into a
lot of debt and then burn down your house.
4 . Manage
your earning and spending carefully, and try to spend your wealth abundantly in
the path of wisdom.
5 . Don't
go too far; whoever puts his foot forward from his quilt will catch himself
cold and eventually extinguish his stove.
—210—
Do not neglect or go overboard in every matter, O light, and take
precautions by commanding the Old Ones.
It is good, every snow has its work, it is bisyar, with a moderate soul, it
makes a pleasant view of the bihar.
The breath of the rain is dürr-ibî-pâyân
to the people of the world
If it rains, a lot of floods will flood
the human animal -
Act moderately in every profit and deed, and be blessed with God, and you
will attain abundance in every deed.
You should do everything moderately, my soul.
So that you can be beneficial to the
medium,
2 2. O
son! Follow the middle path in all your affairs.®
1 . Do not go
to extremes or shortcomings in everything; Be cautious in your affairs by
choosing the middle path.
2 . There are
many signs that the middle of everything is auspicious: Even a ship sails
pleasantly on the seas with a moderate wind.
3 . The benefit
of rain to the nations of the world is like an inexhaustible pearl. If it
rains too much, it will flood and people and animals will drown.
4 . Act
moderately in every work and deed. With God's help, abundance occurs in
every work.
5 . O
son! You should walk mediocrely in every job so that you know that
mediocre means the best of things.
Note: 1. In the nineteenth and
thirty-second verses of Luqman Surah, the "middle path" is referred
to as follows:
— "Be moderate in your walking (Don't
walk too fast or too slow)."
"When the waves surround them like
mountains, they call on Allah as sincere people, dedicating the religion to
Allah alone. Then, when Allah brings them to the land in safety, some of them
take the middle path (on the middle path, which consists of Tawhid).
perseveres)."
—■ 211 —
Attribution of evil eye to action
Nâgeh will make you fall into a wasteland
of encouragement
Whoever obeys the soul and makes evil come
true?
The creation of hatred is created and it
is remembered with la'n
Mufsidan wanders around the valley of
disgrace with his lair.
He can't see the dream easily, he burns in
the pit of misfortune
It is harmful, it is harmful, it is
harmful.
Dragon is true to human meaning
Always stay away from such erazil, sad mîl
It always brings trouble and trouble
2 3. O
son! Stay away from the troublemakers.
1 . Don't
lean towards someone who is abusive or has bad thoughts; he will suddenly find
you in a dump.
2 . Whoever
follows his own desires has set himself on fire of corruption. Such people
are hated and their morality is cursed.
3 . The
corrupt wander around in the dens of evil day and night; He cannot see
peace, he burns in the crucible of misfortune.
4 . Owners
of evil manifest their evil with friendship. In its form (appearance), it
is like a human, but in its form (meaning), it is like a dragon.
5 . Always
stay a hundred miles away from such scoundrels! They always bring
trouble; Their job is to seduce people by making the ugly look beautiful.
— 212 —
2 4. The
young man is a professional.
Hey piser cûd u sehâ, may it always be
your habit
It happens that Merd-i Sehâ cûd and
Mergûb-i Umem
He loves the connoisseurs of the heavens
with his tongue and heart.
By reciting the dhikr of rûz u seb,
It attracts hatred of truth wherever it
goes
He makes people love civanmerdi. Rahb-i
cemîl
He lives and finds peace and harmony in
every place.
So that the mercy of the heavens is worthy
of the glory and respect
My power is always human beings.
Everyone is willing to serve those in need
2 4. O son! Let
generosity always be your habit.
1 . O
son! Let generosity and openness always be your habit. A person who
has grace and generosity becomes popular with everyone with his generosity.
2 . People
love those who have seha wholeheartedly and wholeheartedly; He recites it
beautifully day and night.
3 . The
miser attracts the hatred of the people wherever he goes. The beautiful
Lord loves the owner of lust both himself and makes the people love him.
4 . A
generous person is worthy of respect and respect, finds comfort and glory
wherever he lives.
5 . One
should always be as generous as one can; Everyone should not forget those
in need.
— 213 —
2 5. Be
that as it may, the dreams of the evil spirits are dark.
Whoever's house you are
devoted to, O dear friend, be a protector of every bar. Enter the house through
the door with gentleness and good intentions. See and ask permission of your
landlord in a nice manner. Do not put your hands on the property of your
landlord.
It is not permissible to touch someone, even in the public square.
A man who is reluctant
to speak with prudence and memorize the words without the need for good
manners. Do not act as a reference point everywhere. Your eye of memory. Like a
loving lover, everyone puts their eyes and soul into words.
2 5. O
son! If you enter anyone's house, guard your hands, tongue and eyes.®
1 . O
son! If you enter anyone's house, always guard your hands, tongue and
eyes.
2 . Enter the
house through the door with good intentions; See the owner of the house
and ask for permission in a nice manner.
3 . It is not
permissible to extend your hand to the property of the owner of the house, even
if it is in the public square.
4 . Guard your
tongue and speak cautiously about words that touch decency and reputation, do
not offend anyone; There are many people who place the word in their heart
and never forget it.
5 . Don't look
everywhere randomly, protect your eyes. If you follow my advice, everyone
will love your eyes (sight) and your essence (good manners and morals) like a
lover.
Note: 1. In the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth verses of Luqman
Surah:
- "My dear child!.. Enjoin good, try
to discourage evil. Do not be arrogant and turn your face away from people. Do
not walk spoiled on earth. Be moderate in your walk, lower your voice..."
good moral rules such as Hz. It is stated that it was reported by Lokman
Hekîm to his son.
— 214 —
2 6. Evil
spirit* and evil head.
Don't fall, don't be a victim of evil
Don't be miserable and humiliated.
He cannot see his glory in peace, he is
full of greed,
Always rest in peace
Makiyan was miserable for dane
The dog finds the perfect sustenance in
the desert in the gahgah.
Never scold the creature of God
Whoever harms people will certainly see
that punishment.
2 6. O
son! Don't be greedy and stay disappointed. 0 '
1 . Do
not fall into the trap of greed and turn to deprivation and remain
disappointed; Don't suffer grief and humiliation and end up miserable.
2 . A greedy
person who groans with ambition cannot find dignity and comfort. A
contented person always lives comfortably with dignity.
3 . The
chicken became miserable living in the coop for grain. The dog finds good
food in the desert and gahgaha.
4 . Never
scold God's creatures. Whoever oppresses the people will certainly be
punished.
Note: 1. We have an old saying about bad
ambition: "A bird with its eye on the can, its foot cannot escape the
trap."
— 215 —
2 7. Whatever
they say, I answer or say,
When you want to say words, think and
know.
Then you will not be forgiven for saying
utter your will.
Answer the evil thought before you do it,
because
Don't say that the people of the righteous
are wrong when their speech is equal.
Prepare your answer without cursing the
word
Let it be done and then, with eloquence,
you will lead the way
The speech should be given to the candan
tahsin
Here I made the law of speech for you,
Speak words in this style, do not be a
guide, shitâb <
Until it happens, your words will be in
vain, you will be saved
2 7. Whenever
you want to speak, have your answer ready before you start speaking.
1 . When you
want to speak, think carefully and then speak. No one should say
"oh".
2 . Before you
start speaking, first think about what to answer; Because those who listen
to your speech should not say, "He said something wrong."
3 . Before you
start speaking, prepare your answer and then start speaking with eloquence.
4 . Those who
listen to your speech should find it beautiful and appreciate it
wholeheartedly. Here I have clearly stated and declared to you the law of
the word.
5 . Speak with
this method, but do not rush, lest your words be as empty as the voice of a
fly.
— 216 —
2 8. In the
fruit, the amazement and skill are the head.
Do the knowledge and skills to learn
seriously.
Praise be to the scholars in the Quran,
Lord Al-Basir
Whoever provokes people with their talents
It is possible to praise his morality and
praise him.
As for Zülcenaheyn, you are the elixir of
the moment.
Nef-i fraction visible from the worldly,
otherworldly moment
Give thanks to the command of perfect
education.
The complete Mahd belongs to Hal lahd and
the complete manifestation
May you be able to provide fiqh, tafsir
and hadith.
Keep these people of knowledge, my beloved
ones,
2 8. Always
be one of those who learn science and art.
1 . Strive
hard to learn science and art. Allah, who has the power of seeing, praised the
scholars in the Quran.®
2 . Whoever
wants to rise in knowledge and skill should move his wing and start working
immediately. By improving his morals, he becomes one of the men worthy of
praise.
3 . If the
scholar knows the two wings (the knowledge of the outer and the inner),
consider it as an elixir, many benefits will be obtained from it in this world
and the hereafter.
4 . Obtain
knowledge completely, submit to its command, be persistent and persistent, and
be fully blessed "From the cradle to the grave..."®.
5 . You
should spend your efforts in science, especially fiqh, tafsir and
hadith; Keep the people of these sciences compassionate, friends and
companions.
Note: 1. What is meant by "Allah
praised the scholars in the Quran" is a reference to the twenty-eighth
verse of the Fatir Surah, which reads: "Only scholars fear Allah."
2. The words "From the cradle to the
grave.." refer to the following hadith regarding knowledge: "Utlübû'l
ilme minel mehdi ila'-l-lahd (Learn knowledge from the cradle to the
grave.)"
— 217 —
Pirs, pay due respect
Hey civan, protect the old musin person.
As soon as you see it, make it manifest
itself.
He takes his memories seriously and uses
them
It's okay to do it to the old man
Especially the people of love or the
people of loyalty
May it be many more years for me to serve
my lord.
Memories don't last anymore, like me, my
God, of course
Yapagör hatır-ı pîrâni immediately et
ta'zîm
Masters do not demolish the old building,
they finish it
2 9. O
son! Show respect and respect to the old man.
1 . O
son! Old men deserve honor and respect. Obey them and protect the old
man.
2 . Show
every kind of kindness when you are gone; Seriously ask about their
feelings and memories.
3 . Those
with good manners respect the old man. Especially for them, they should be
the people of affection or the people of loyalty.
4 . Even
if a slave serves and serves his owner for many years, his owner will certainly
not treat him like a new slave.
5 . Take
care of the old man and show respect immediately; Masters do not demolish
the old building, they repair it.
— 218 —
3 0. Merdum
ra benâm nikü han.
Make man remember with a good name
Do not exaggerate the fasl or criticize
anyone, my dear.
Tell the goodness of the person to see and
sleep
Are those who see their own shame and
embarrass themselves?
Do not reproach someone with bad reproach.
Don't fall into temptation and prefer your
self to the public
Fasl has become exorbitant, don't make it
haram, don't you dare to sin.
My place of longing remembers a person
with goodness
Remember my name with the name of nîkû
everywhere
Make good by removing bad behavior
3 0. O
son! Remember the person with a good name.
1 . O
son! Remember and commemorate the person with his good name. Do not
criticize or backbite anyone; Don't even see ugly.
2 . Say
your good deeds, do not see the person's faults. Does a person who sees
his own shame embarrass other people?
3 . Do
not mention or criticize anyone with a bad name. Do not go forward and put
yourself above the people.
4 . Don't
dare to commit sins and gossip or gossip, it is haram to commit them. A
person who remembers with goodness will have good morals.
5 . Remember
the people with a good name every time; Make those who are in a bad
situation prudent by giving advice.
— 219 —
3 1. Ez
Merdum-i Mütekebirü Bahil is the head
Kibriya is only a praise to Allah.
Who is that foolish person who is
arrogant?
Be grateful to the person who will see
you.
Don't go to your neighborhood, don't be
arrogant to your mother, be arrogant
Mütekehbirlere kibir et dedi sir-i ezdan
Foundation-ı secret-ı hafi sahr-ı Rasûl-i
zî-şân
Stay away from the one who is arrogant in
the garden, don't make the night
May God not let His people be in need of
those wretches.
Disgrace will be their right, their glory
will be
Look, the bahîl maple always passes with
sorrow.
3 1. O
son! Stay away from the stingy and arrogant man. (one)
1 . Greatness
befits only Allah. The one who is arrogant is that low, foolish person.
2 . When
you see a stingy and arrogant person, stay away from him and do not visit his
neighborhood. If you have to and come by, be arrogant and be a light
against his arrogance.
3 . The
lion of Allah said, "Be arrogant to the arrogant." The Supreme
Messenger of Damascus would cover up the secret secrets of the person he was
privy to.
4 . Do
not cast evil eye on those who are stingy and arrogant. May God not make
the people dependent on evil-tempered people.
5 . Their
residence eventually becomes the land of disgrace. See, the miser has a
lot of money, but he spends all his time in misery.
Note: 1. In the eighteenth verse of Luqman
Surah, it is stated that arrogant people are among the wretched ones who cannot
attain the love of Allah, as it is stated: "... Do not turn your face away
from people with arrogance. Do not walk on the earth in a spoiled way. For
Allah does not like every arrogant person, arrogant and boastful person."
— 220 —
3 2. Tüvangeri
der kanâat dan.
Whatever he gave, make it a blessing,
because contentment
A person makes money with this kind of
contentment.
Eder ınşı tüvanger bu hazîne-i mamduh
If it doesn't come to fruition, this
becomes a kenze, a person is makdûh
Even the brave man can't reveal his
situation
Tami goes to Pîş-i nâ-mer and tells about
her poverty.
To resort to the means of sustenance if
necessary
Is it worthy to humiliate the people with
iz'ac?
Know with certainty that there is nothing
in the realm of contentment.
He grasps and asks for its causes and
makes obedience to God
3 2. O
son! Know true wealth as contentment.
1 . Be
content with whatever God has given you; Because a person becomes rich
with this treasure of contentment.
2 . This
treasure makes a person rich with good morals and praised. If a person
does not have this treasure of contentment, he becomes miserable.
3 . A man
of opinion cannot explain his situation even to a virtuous man. The greedy
one goes to the honorable person and tells his needs and begs.
4 . Even
though it is necessary to cling to the causes of sustenance, is it worthy to
humiliate people and humiliate them?
5 . Know
with certainty that there is wealth in the treasury of contentment. Hold
on to your reasons and ask for sustenance from God, the Almighty God gives it
to those who ask for it.
— 221 —
3 3. Smart
hands.
3 4. Crush
enemy dostrev hazer kon.
Hamd bi-pâyân an Hûda'yı müstean ra azze
ve celle ki in tercüme-i manzûme-i pendnâme bihadd-i hitâm resîde ez kaariân
ayıp-pushan omedar ki
Islah-ı mistake and nevakıs koned
See Pendname, translated
Bî-güman every paragraph
habl-i text He said Rashid güher-i history Dil küşâ is in verse mîrem bihîn
1322
3 3. O
son! May you love and hold on to the following epic (the advice and
stories told).
3 4. O
son! An enemy cannot become a friend, even if he appears to be a
friend; Beware of such a temporary friend.
Praise be to Allah Almighty, from whom
eternal help is sought, that the verse translation of this pendname has reached
the point of completion. I hope the readers will cover up the shame:
Let them correct the mistakes and, if
there are any deficiencies, let them inform you of the things that need to be
added to make it complete and perfect.
See Pendnâme, translated,
Undoubtedly, every part of it is a means of salvation.
Rashid told the history of jewelry
Sir, this is a heartwarming and good poem.
1322
— 222 —
1 . It is necessary to get along as
brothers and sisters in the world. Live in the world like a dervish, abandon
your hatred and idvan.
2 . It is necessary to study the knowledge
of morality well and to study it. This is the blessing, O you, the mercy of wisdom.
3 . The people of the truth have made a
simile and made the world not the residence of a particle, and then everyone
said,
4 . It passes in a very short time, the
human animal is happy to enter, the residence is not on the bridge, it does not
accept that mihman.
A
5 . Think about the prideful people of wealth who have passed
away before, is it worth it to get along with your companions in this short
time?
6 . Sebükmağzân looks at it and begins to
search for it, while knowing how many souls have been committed with sorrow.
7 . If you see the obvious fire of the
throat, it is not due to hair inflammation, the word is pinhânî.
8 . Whoever drinks it makes the world feel
miserable and intoxicated. It won't be long before he wakes up and becomes no
different than the inn shop.
9 . The one who consults knows the words
of the learned man and the person understands the murg-i gulistan with the zâğ.
10.
There is no biddan,
don't sue with the hard work, it will come out, stay patient, be patient for a
while, it will happen.
— 223 —
1 1. All the time passes, he lives comfortably,
with dignity and happiness.
Bir ahkar kul ursa mazhar-ı tevfik-i
Rabbani
1 2. The saints always rejoice in the mansion of
the God of Allah
Does desire create the possessions of the
world and the pleasure of gardens?
1 3. The heart is blessed with hope from the
spring of bliss
It is not a shame if he wants to eltâf-ı
Süleyman.
1 4. Those who leave will reach the mercy of
love and the depths of the soul in the end.
If you want prosperity, be determined,
this is the way, Rah-i Subhani.
1 5. God bless you, I understand.
Come and drink this cure, PEND-I LOKMAN.
1 6. Traveler Rashid made the planet a wanderer
Tongues hope for a solution to their
troubles, to the Most Merciful Almighty.
1 . It is necessary to get along brotherly
with the people in the world. Live like dervishes in the world, abandon
grudges and hostility.
2 . It is necessary to learn science and
morality well. What a beautiful evidence this is that shows people the path of
wisdom.
3 . The people of truth have compared the
world to a bridge. The person who built it did not build it for residence,
but for everyone to pass through.
4 . People and animals spend very little time
rejoicing and crying; Residence is not on the bridge, it does not accept
guests.
5 . Is it worth fighting with your companion
at this time? Think of the rich person who was once proud of his wealth
and left.
— 224 —
6 . While fools
know that many heartbroken people are crying with the sword of sorrow, they
become happy by looking at the beauty of the world.
7 . If you see
clearly the fire of the sufferings of the world, be careful that it does not
infect you, for the word does not remain secret.
8 . Whoever
drinks from the cup of this world gets so drunk that he does not wake up for a
long time. He cannot distinguish between inn and shop.
9 . Scholars
know the learned and the ignorant from their words. Just as one recognizes
the crow and the nightingale of the rose garden by their voices.
10. You have no capital, do not claim
superiority by stating issues. Be patient, the heart of
money will appear soon.
1 1. Whoever is a
humble servant who receives the grace of Allah Almighty, spends all his time
comfortably; he lives with dignity and honor.
1 2. Those who
reach and get used to God's paradise are always full of joy. Do they
desire worldly possessions and the pleasure of gardening?
1 3. The heart hopes
for blessings from the spring of the sea of blessings. It is not a shame
if the ant asks for Solomon's favor.
1 4. Those who follow
the path of love eventually reach the neighborhood of the one they
love. If you want peace, be firm. This is the path of Allah, who is
sublime.
1 5. You are a
skillful doctor with pleasant urination, I understand, come and drink, this Lokman
Hekim's "BOOK OF ADVICE", which is a cure for troubles, is the cure
itself.
16. Rashid wanders like a
planet, fate has made him a wanderer . He wishes for a solution to
his heart troubles and hopes for the blessings of the Most Merciful.
— 225 —
This neighborhood has been made a stream
and abandoned because it is a refreshing spring that can be noticed (it has
been included and written here as a very refreshing spring that is worthy of
looking at and contemplating).
1 . It's time for the new spring to be a
"rose" like the smiling face of the nigar.
2 . Dumû-ı âşık-âsâ carî enhâr Sadâsın subh-dem gûş et bihârın
3 . The language of the world and the
things of the world
The eternal sebha-hâni of Kirdgâr
4 . Spring is a bounty, will we make
waste? Finding happiness is the act of the kind.
5 . Your eyes are opened to contemplate
the "narcissus" of Rabi's knowing adoration.
6 . Opened "verd-i hamra"
sâgar-âsâ Ferahbahşâ, this moment of pleasure of mesâr
7 . The "daisy" laughed, its skin appeared, Let the
"judas tree" drink the fruit, let the humar drink
8 . "Benefşe", with your head
bowed, every prostration presents itself in the share of the rose.
9 . Now he threw the ball from a fruitful
place, from the old man's hand "honey father"
— 226 —
1 0. Sitting
"jasmine" with white face Eder hıfz "linden"
"fulye" vekârmT
1 1. When
it happens, the zülf-i "hyacinth" nefha-bahsha Does not let go of the
lover's patience
1 2. "Carnation"
has become "zaymirâne" They come out on the head of every rose-izar
1 3. The
"weasel" from her hijab is very red. Your izar covered with a veil
1 4. Today,
shabbû came and published the hosbû "Hezarân" made the expression of
iftarân
1 5. "Sadef
wanted "basil", I said "lily": What is this ictisâr?
1 6. The
pomegranate stands on its feet, because the pomegranate burns its riches in
every water.
1 7. The
hair is "lilac" with a penchant for Ferah-nakdi hosbuy vicinity
1 8. This
season has bloomed, look, bazaar sad-berk, this all-colored shikar has caught
on
1 9. How
pleasant it is when you are intoxicated. You give away sim-tens and tomorrow
with a glass of "zerrin".
2 0. In
this rose garden, if you wish, give pleasure to your soul, whatever you want,
you can have it.
— 227 —
2 1. Laughing, laughing, rose, happy sunbul, Zebûn is
the state of the hezar from the efgan
2 2. It is the
end when the light of love awakens the tongue.
The halo is like that of tulips.
2 3. He
does not hear the nightingale's cry of the dice
2 4. In
contact with the beautiful body Opens the gays of every chic
2 5. Your
rose blooms, your marriage is a muhabâ, The nightingale saw this, your dice
increased
2 6. What
a pity, there is a cry to pray, If the land abandons the truth
2 7. Evil eye
cluster chandelier-wand
Which shows that the
vision of falsehood
28. Alır
üftadegân bu şeb-i safâdan Ferahbahşâsıdır her dilfikârın
29. Müneccim
vakt-ı sa'd ü nahsi gözler Değil âşık bilen leyi ü nehârın
30. Isırgan mürûre etmektedir nâz
İşi aks üzre olmuş
rüzgârın
31. Gerekdir cevr-i ağyâra tahammül Seven rûy-ı gülü hoş gördü
hârın
— 228 —
32. Acûl ü ahar çeker zahm-ı nedâmet
Teenni de’bîd-i hikmet-şiârın(t>
33. Eriştir ey sabâ bu ehl-i dilden
Ola rehber bana bu yâdgârın
34. Eder şiddet.ki yoktur rahmi çarkın
Buka-ı sabır ola cây-ı kararın
35. Zarîfâne gerek inşâd-ı eş'âr
Sükût et yoksa Raşid iktidârın
1. İşte ilkbahar zamanı
geldi. Sevgilinin yüzünün güldüğü gibi "gül" açar.
2. Âşığın göz yaşlan akan
ırmak gibidir. Sabah akşam, denizlerin sesini de dinle.
3. Kâinatta bulunan bütün
eşya, hâl lisanıyla hep yaratan Allah'ı zikrediyor.
4. Büyüklerin arzulan safâ
bulmaktır, onlar bahan ganîmet bilirler, aslâ zâyi etmezler.
5. Nergis gözünü açmış,
ibret almak maksadiyle etrafı seyreder. Çiçekler, ilkbaharın ehemmiyetini
bilmişlerdir.
6. "Kırmızı gül"
kadeh gibi açıldı. İşte bu an, ferahlık bahşeden zevk zamanıdır.
7. "Papatya"
gülünce dişleri göründü. Şarap için "erguvan" da baş ağrısı çeksin.
8. "Menekşe" her
secdede başını eğmiş, gülün ayağında ihsanını arz eyler.
9. "Ballı baba",
sarhoşluk topunu şimdi bir gencin elinden alıp ihtiyarın üzerine attı.
10. "Yasemin"
çiçeği, yüz aklığıyla oturmuş. "Ihlamur" ve "fulya"
vakarını korur.
Not: (2) Fülye'nin aslı "fülürye"dir. Fülürye, yeşilli sarih ve
güzel sesli bir cins kuş anlamına geldiği gibi bir nevi "sarı çiçek”
manasına da gelir. (Kamûs-ı Türkî, s. 1005)
— 229 —
11. ”Sünbül"ün saçları
etrafa güzel koku üfürünce, âşığın sabır ve kararını bırakmaz.
12. "Karanfil",
"fesleğen" çiçeğine arkadaş olmuş, her gül yanaklının başına
çıkarlar.
13. Utancından
"gelincik" çok kizirmiş. Tülden yapılmış telli, süslü duvak'ını
yanağına örtünmüş.
14. Bu gün "öd ağacı"
yakılıp güzel kokuları civara yaydı. Bülbüller ayrılıklarını izhar ettiler.
15. "İnci kabuğu",
"reyhan" çiçeğini geçmek isterdi. "Zambak" ona: — "Sen
bu cesareti nereden buldun?" dedi.
16. "Erkek
nar"ın çiçeği nar gibidir, ağaç üzerinde durur. Gam ve kederleri giderir,
her yanı hazmettirir.
17. "Leylak"
güler yüzlülükle bir tarafa meyleder. Civarını güzel kokularla sevinçli ve
mesrûr kılar.
18. "Bak, yüz yapraklı gül
bu mevsim pazar yerini açtı. Bu zamanda tek renkte olan, avını yakaladı.
19. Gümüş tenliler,
keyiflenince güzeldir. Sevgiliye hoş kokulu "zerrin" çiçeğinden bir
kadeh verilince sarhoş olur.
20. Bu gül bahçesinde eğer
ebedî zevk dilersen, her neyin varsa sevgiliye bağışla.
21. Gül bahçesinde gül
güler, sümbül sevinir. Bülbülün ise ağlamaktan hâli perişandır.
22. Aşk âteşi gizlidir, kalbi
yakar. Lâle bahçesinin şekli de o hâle benzer.
23. Sabah rüzgârı daima
nimet içinde yaşar; bülbülün ağlayıp inlediğini işitmez.
— 230 —
24. Saba rüzgârı
dilberlerin vücuduna temas eder, her nazlı güzelin giysilerini açar.
25. Gül yüzlü sevgili
yaşmağını pervasızca açmış; bülbül bunu görünce ağlayıp inlemesini artırdı.
26. Yazık, yüreği kanlı
olup âh ü figan kılmaktadır. Bu sebepten yurdunu terk etse hakkı vardır.
27. Âvize gibi duran
"salkım çiçeği"ne dikkatlice bak ki iftihâr edilecek yüzünü
göstermektedir.
28. Bu gönlü delik ve
yaralı olan her bîçare (sevgiliye), gece açılıp gündüz kapanan "gece
safâsı" ferahlık verir.
29. Müneccim, uğurlu ve
uğursuz vakti gözler. Âşık ise gece ve gündüzün farkında bile değildir.
30. Isırgan otu, murûre
(hiç bir bitki yetiştirmeyen yere karşı) nâz etmektedir. Zamanın işi de tersine
olmaktadır.
31. Yabancıların zulmüne
tahammül gerektir. Çünkü gülünü seven onun tikenine katlanır.
32. Acele eden kişi,
pişmanlık darbesinin acısını çeker. Sen hikmet sahibi olarak teennî ile
(yavaş) hareket et.
33. Ey sabâ rüzgârı! Bana
bu gönül ehlinden haber eriştir. Bu hediyen bana rehber olsun.
34. Feleğin merhameti
yoktur, sertlik gösterir. Buna senin vereceğin karar, sabır kösteği olmaldır.
35. Şiir yazmak, zarâfet
ile olmalıdır. Eğer buna gücün yetmiyorsa Raşid, sükût et (daha iyi edersin).
(*) Not: "de'bîd" kelimesinin aslı, ”de'bi-dîrîn”dir. Âdet, usûl
ve kaide mânâlarına gelir. (Ş. Sârnî: Kamûs-ı Türkî, s. 596)
— 231 —
— 232 —
L) EMSAL İ LOKMAN I HEKÎM
VE BAZI AKVAL-İL ARAB
FAB ÜLEŞ
LOKMANI SAPIENTIS
ET QUDDAM DICTA
ARABUM
WITH THE INTERPRETATION
OF THOMAS ERPEENII
AND THE NOTES AND STRICTURES
OF JACOBIGOLIUS
A handwritten addition:
Lugduni in Batavis
1748
Another addition with another pen:
(Netherlands)
Book to Beyazıt State Library:
Registration Number: 107143/892.7
Registration Date: 3.5.1927
— 233 —
— 234 —
1 - A LION AND
TWO OXES
Once, Arslan came to the place where two
oxen were. The oxen helped each other and gored the lion. So the lion
could not come between them.
He cheated so he could catch one of the
oxen by himself and promised them both that he would not attack them when he
left his friend. As soon as they separated from each other, the oxen
captured them one by one...
What this means, the lesson to be learned
from this story:
If the people of two cities agree on
something, the enemy cannot get them. If they do not agree and fall apart,
they will all be destroyed.
2 - Fawn
A fawn once felt thirsty. He came to
the source of the water. While drinking water, he saw his dream in the
water. He was upset because he was careful about his feet. He was
also happy and arrogant at the size and beauty of his horns. While he was
in this state, the hunters came against him. The fawn was defeated by the
hunters. But he was in a place where he could easily hide, but he couldn't
think of that. When she entered the mountain and hid among the
trees. The hunters reached him and killed him...
As he was dying he said:
— Shame on me! I am a poor person who
despises the one who saved me and hopes that he will save the one who will
destroy me!..
— 235 —
3 - DEER
A deer once fell ill. His friends
were wild animals. They came to visit him sick. They ate the insects
and grass around them. When the deer woke up from his sickness and looked
for something to eat, he found nothing. So he perished from hunger...
Lesson to be learned from this:
He who has many people will also have many
sorrows.
4 - THE
LION AND THE FOX
Once a lion was so overwhelmed by the heat
of the sun that he entered someone else's place. It was shaded
there. While he was in the place of having fun, a small monster (skeleton)
was walking towards the lion's back. Arslan immediately jumped up and
stood up. He was very scared when he saw the goats on his right and
left...
The fox looked at him and laughed a lot too. The
lion said to the fox:
"I'm not afraid of cats, I only get
angry when I'm despised," he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
The fear of a wise person is more severe
than death.
— 236 —
5 - THE
LION AND THE OX
A lion once wanted to tear an ox to pieces
and eat it. He didn't dare because of his size (body). He took the
time to trick her and said:
- Know that I am a fat lamb to add to
bread? I cut it. Be with me tonight, let's eat together...
The ox responded to him. When he
reached that place, he looked at it meaningfully! Arslan had prepared a
lot of wood for the big creatures... When the ox saw them, he ran away and
turned back. Arslan said to him:
- Why did you return after coming
here? Ox:
"I knew that this preparation was for
the one greater than the lamb," he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
A wise person should not trust his enemy
and should not make friends with him.
6 - THE
LION AND THE FOX
The lion grew old and weak, and could no
longer control any of the wild animals. He wanted to cheat to earn his own
living. He faked getting sick and left himself in front of one of the
caves. When any of the wild animals came to visit him, he lured him into
the cave and ate him...
The fox also came, and after greeting the
lion at the door of the cave, he stood and said:
— 237 —
- O lord of wild animals, how are
you? said.
Arslan said to him:
- O father of beauty, why don't you come
in? he replied.
Fox:
- Oh my lord, I cried so much for your
situation. "However, I saw that many footprints had entered your
area, but not even one of them had come out," he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
A person should not attack suddenly until
he has carefully selected a task.
Once Arslan came across a person on the
road. The man claimed that he could climb two trees with strength and
violence.
Arslan was more skilled in his strength
and violence.
One saw a picture of a man on a
wall. People started laughing as he moved faster than the
lion. Arslan said to him:
— If predatory animals had made the like
of this human being, no human could surpass the predatory creatures, but
predatory animals surpass humans in terms of speed.
Lesson to be learned from this:
A person should not be purified by the
testimony of his own relatives.
— 238 —
8 - DEER
AND LION
Once a deer was afraid of hunters and ran
into a cave. Arslan followed him, entered the cave and tore the deer to
pieces...
Then the deer said to himself:
— Shame on me! I'm a naughty
person. Because I ran away from people and fell into the hands of those
who were tougher and more dangerous than them...
Lesson to be learned from this:
Those who run away from their fears will
suffer greater trouble.
9 - DEER
AND FOX
Once a deer was thirsty and came to a
waterside to drink water. The water was in a deep well. Then, when he
rushed to drink water, he could not drink it. When the fox saw this, he
said to him:
- Oh my brother! I regret why you
didn't inspect this place before coming...
Lesson to be learned from this:
A person who enters a shallow sea cannot
learn to swim until the water is above his head.
— 239 —-
1 0- RABBITS
AND FOXES
Once a war broke out between eagles and
rabbits. The rabbits turned to the foxes and asked for their help to
defeat the eagles and get rid of their mischief.
The foxes said to them:
- If we didn't know you, we would know who
to fight with and do what was necessary...
Lesson to be learned from this:
Man does not want to fight with those who
are superior to him in terms of violence and strength.
1 1- RABBIT AND
LION
Once a rabbit shed tears and said to the
lioness:
— I give birth to many children every
year. You, on the other hand, give birth to one or two in your entire
life...
The lioness answered him as follows:
- You were right. He said, "Even
if there is only one of us, it means seven, that is, it is worth all
seven."
Lesson to be learned from this:
A single strong child is better than many
weak children.
— 240 —
1 2- THE
WOMAN AND THE CHICKEN
A woman had a hen that laid silver eggs
every day. The woman said to herself:
- If I feed this chicken too much, it will
lay two eggs a day... When she feeds too much, the chicken's crop splits and
the chicken dies.
Lesson to be learned from this:
There are many people who destroy their
capital (principal money) because of making too much profit.
1 3- THE
MOSQUITO AND THE OX
A mosquito landed on the horn of an
ox. And thinking that he was giving weight to her, he said:
- If I've weighed you down, let me know so
I can fly away from you... Ox:
"O mosquito, for whom did you come
and to whom did you give zakar, I don't understand, I don't know," he
said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
Whoever wants to be remembered and considered
great is a contemptible and weak person.
F: 16
— 241 —
1 4- HUMAN
AND DEATH
A man was once loaded with a bundle of
wood on his back. The wood was too heavy for him. When he got tired
and felt bored because of his burden. He threw the bundle of wood from his
shoulder and prayed that Azrael would take his soul with death. At that
moment, a person appeared before him:
- Here I am the person you are looking
for, why did you call me? said.
Person:
"I called you to put this bundle of
wood on my back," he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
A person loves the life of this world even
if he is a slave of the world; Even if he is ill-fated and weak, he is not
offended by the world.
1 5- BOSTANCI
One day the gardener was growing broad
beans. It was said to him:
- Why do the broad beans in this soil look
beautiful? Even though it was served...
Bostancı gave the following answer:
— His mother disciplined him. This is
how his mother and father disciplined him, he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
It is more virtuous for a mother to
educate her child than for a father to tutor the mother.
— 242 —
1 6- MAN
AND IDOLS
The man had an idol in his house. The
man worshiped him and sacrificed a sacrifice for him every day. He spent
and consumed all his wealth on this idol.
The man showed indecision and muttered,
staring at the idol and saying:
- The property I gave you did not benefit
me at all.
He said, "You are denigrating me
because he did not sacrifice another sacrifice for the idol after this."
Lesson to be learned from this:
Whoever spends his wealth on high places
(luxury) will surely be in need and Allah will make him poor.
1 7- BLACK
MAN
A person once saw a black man. He was
standing in the water and washing.
That person called out to the black man:
- Oh brother! Don't try to change the
original in the river. Because you cannot be able to become white, and you
cannot be able to eternalize time.
Lesson to be learned from this:
The mark placed on a person's origin
cannot be changed.
— 243 —
1 8- MAN AND
HORSE
The man was riding a horse, and the horse
was pregnant and gave birth to a baby when she reached a part of the
road. He too followed his mother, except for the long distance
journey. Then he stopped and said to his owner:
- Oh sir! As you can see, I'm still
small. I can't afford to walk. You passed me by and abandoned me
here... If you had not brought me with you and trained me until I grew stronger
and bigger, I would have almost perished...
From now on, I will carry you on my back
and take you quickly wherever you want...
Lesson to be learned from this:
Good deeds done to those who are worthy
and worthy are found and known.
— 244 —
1 9- MAN
AND PIG
A man once carried a ram, a goat and a
pig, four-legged animals. He came to town to sell it all. The ram and
the goat were well-behaved and did not hit other animals. The pig was
always attacking and not standing properly.
The man said to him:
- O worst of wild animals! Why don't
you stand upright and remain calm while the ram and the goat are calm and do
not butt?
Pig:
— Every being knows its own nature. I
also know that the ram is kept for its wool and the goat is kept for its
milk. I am a naughty person. I have neither wool nor
milk. "As soon as I reached the city, they sent me to the
'meshala'," he said. (I)
Lesson to be learned from this:
What will be the afterlife of those who
are known to have made mistakes and sins with their own hands - even though
they know their evil?
(1) Mashlah: Mashlah is a kind of dress that is the same from bottom to top
and has slits instead of sleeves. (Ottoman-Turkish New Dictionary: p. 420)
— 245 —
2 0- TURTLE
AND RABBIT
The tortoise and the hare once competed
with each other. The rabbit, due to its beautiful creation, its newness,
and its scabies disease, became tired on the road and fell asleep.
The tortoise, on the other hand, reached
the mountain without waking up from the rabbit's sleep and won the race, due to
his knowledge, his slow nature, his lack of indecision and his lack of
weariness in his walk.
When the rabbit woke up from his sleep, he
saw that the tortoise had won the race. In the end, he regretted it with
regret that would not gain anything.
Lesson to be learned from this:
If two states, one strong and the other
weak, go to war with each other, the weak state does not sleep because of the
fear of defeat, and is alert during the war. Because of being so alert,
the weak state won victory over the strong state. The state that trusts in
its power and is not alert will eventually regret it with regret that will not
gain anything for itself.
2 1- WOLF
The wolf once grabbed a small
piglet. As he was taking her away, the lion followed and took the pig's
whelp from the wolf's hand. The wolf said to himself:
- Why should I be surprised at something I
have usurped that does not stay with me forever?
Lesson to be learned from this:
What is gained from oppression does not
last forever with its owner.
Even if he stays with his owner, it is not
worth being happy about him.
— 246 —
2 2- BLACKBERRY
The blackberry once said to the gardener:
- Whoever cares about me, plants in the
middle of the garden, waters it and serves me, will be one of the
rulers. They desire me and look at my flowers and fruits. They liked
me and bought me and planted me in the middle of the garden in the most
beautiful place on earth. When water is given twice a day, it covers the
ground, its thorns become stronger, and it spreads branches. Its branches
spread over all the trees around it. Veins are added to the
ground. The garden becomes full because of the abundance of its
thorns. No one can surpass him...
Lesson to be learned from this:
If you show closeness to a bad person and
do good to him, his evil deeds will increase and he will insist on not
obeying. If you continue to do good to him, he will continue to do evil to
you.
2 3- BLACK
A black man took off his clothes one
day. He came to a snowy place. He took it from the snow. He
rubbed his body with it. Him:
- Why do you rub your body with
snow? It was said.
The black man replied:
"I hope I will be a white man," he
said.
At this time a dominant man
came. Him!
- O black man! "Don't blame
yourself, it is certainly possible for your body to be whiter than snow, and
being black is not an apostate," he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
Bad people have the power to corrupt good
people, but good people cannot fix bad people.
— 247 —
2 4- BEETLE AND
BEE
The bug once said to the honey bee:
"If you take me with you, I will make
honey just like you and even more," he said.
An accepted his idea and brought it
along. But the bug was not strong enough to make honey like the
bee. Thereupon, the bee beat him with the burden he was carrying on his
back.
While the bug is about to die, he says to
himself:
I made it obligatory for me to reach
myself through togetherness. But rural work (collecting honey from
flowers) does not seem possible to me. Why did I desire the job of making
honey? said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
There are many people who find pleasure in
doing many things. Then they leave those who know the job. Their lies
are exposed when they are seen as business people but it turns out that they
are not really doing business. Those who truly do the job properly will be
rewarded.
— 248 —
2 5- CHILD
A child once threw himself into the water
of the river. But he didn't know how to swim either. Just as he was
about to drown, he asked for help from a man passing by. The man came
towards him and began to reprimand the boy for entering the river.
The boy said to him:
- Oh man! First save me from
death. Then condemn me, he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
When something terrible happens to your
friend that needs to be saved, save him first. Then condemn
him. Because this condemnation would be a great favor to him.
2 6-CHILD AND SCORPIO
A boy was once hunting for grasshoppers. Meanwhile,
he saw a scorpion. He thought it was a big grasshopper. He stretched
out his hand to catch her. Then the scorpion moved away from him and said
to the boy:
- If you had kept me, you wouldn't be able
to hunt grasshoppers.
Lesson to be learned from this:
A person must distinguish good from
bad; One must act cautiously and knowing one's place in everything.
— 249 —
2 7- PIGEON
Once a pigeon was thirsty. He started
walking, circling over a wall looking for water. He saw a small bowl filled
with water on the wall. He flew too quickly and crashed into the
bowl. His crop was immediately split open. The pigeon said to
himself:
— Shame on me! I'm a naughty
person. Because when I asked for water, I hurried and my soul was gone.
Lesson to be learned from this:
It is better to do everything one by one,
without showing any weariness, than to rush and show speed.
2 8- CAT
A cat once entered the blacksmith
shop. It touched the thrown file iron. He licked it with his
tongue. Blood flowed from the cat's tongue and he swallowed it, thinking
it was flowing from the file. By the time he got home, his tongue bled and
the cat died.
Lesson to be learned from this:
Whoever gives his property for maintenance
without it being obligatory and then does not maintain it well until he becomes
bankrupt, he will go bankrupt, but he will not know that he is
bankrupt. The mistake returns, it is sweet and its owner finds pleasure in
it. He does not know that sin shortens his life and this is the greatest
sentence of ignorance.
— 250 —
2 9- THE
BLACKsmith AND THE DOG
A blacksmith had a dog. He was
constantly sleeping while the blacksmith continued to work. When the
blacksmith finished his work and sat down to eat bread with his friends, the
dog also woke up from sleep.
Blacksmith:
- Hey naughty dog! For what reason
did the sound of the wind that moves the earth not wake you up, but you woke up
when you heard the secret sound of this place? said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
When a person performs prayer and does
charity, he gets sleepy and sleeps. If he hears the sound of drums, zuma
or singing, he runs after them. These are among the greatest acts of
ignorance. A person does things that do not suit him, things that are
harmful; He is heedless of useful things and does not do them.
3 0- DOGS AND
FOX
Dogs once came across a predator's
skin. They went to him and grabbed him as if biting the skin with their
teeth. When the fox saw them doing this:
"If it were a living thing, you would
see its nails as well as one of you would have seen its long and pointed
teeth," he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
Those who curse a society will not be able
to respond to it within themselves when they die.
— 251 —
3 1- THE DOG
AND THE RABBIT
The dog once chased a rabbit
away. When he caught up with him, he grabbed him and bit him with his
teeth until blood flowed. He licked the blood with his tongue.
Rabbit:
— I see you, you bit me as if you were my
enemy!
Then he said, "You kiss me as if you
were my sincere friend."
Lesson to be learned from this:
Whoever thinks of enmity and deceit in his
heart and outwardly shows mercy and love should not be deceived.
3 2- ABDOMEN
AND BOTH FEET
The abdomen and the two legs fought among
themselves as to which one was carrying the object. Feet:
"We carry the body with our
strength," they said. Your wife:
"If I hadn't given you some food,
neither of you would have been able to walk and you wouldn't have been able to
carry anything extra," he said.
Lesson to be learned from this:
Whoever appoints someone as his deputy and
does not dismiss him will think that he is greater and stronger than the one
who does not dismiss him. However, he does not have the power to serve and
benefit his soul.
— 252 —
3 3- MICE
AND CHICKENS
When it reached the mice that the chickens
were sick, they put on peacock feathers and came to visit the chickens. To
chickens:
- O chickens, peace be upon you! How
are you? How are you? they said.
Chickens also:
"We have been doing good since the
day we did not see your faces," they replied.
Lesson to be learned from this:
A person who shows love on the outside as
hypocrisy but has deceit in his heart is a corrupt person.
3 4- SUN
AND WIND
The sun and the wind quarreled among
themselves over which of them had the power to strip man of his
clothes. The wind was really strong and harsh. When the wind blew
strong and harsh, the man put on his clothes and complimented him in every way.
When the sun rose and the heat became
intense, the man took off his clothes and carried them on his shoulders...
Lesson to be learned from this:
Whoever has humility and good morals will
make the owner achieve what he wants.
— 253 —
3 5-TWO COCKS
Two roosters fought each other over
food. One prevailed over the other. He was also spending his time in
some places. As for the dominant rooster, he landed on a high, flat
place. He spread his two wings and began to sing and boast.
The tall hawk, the bird of prey, spotted
him. It soared from the air, landed on him and quickly caught him...
Lesson to be learned from this:
Man should not boast of his
strength. By doing so, one would run into inevitable danger.
3 6- WOLVES
Wolves came across cow skins near a
flowing water. There was no one else with them. They all agreed to
eat and agreed to drink all the water that reached the skins and eat the
skins. Because of the amount of water they drank, their bellies split open
and they died, they could not reach their skin...
Lesson to be learned from this:
A powerful person with little opinion does
even the work that is not necessary.
— 254 —
3 7- DUCK
AND SWALLOW BIRD
The duck and the swallow acted jointly
when it came to food. They came to a place with many plants. They saw
hunters coming from the right path during the day.
The swallow bird flew away and was saved
because it was calm and sang secretly...
When it came to the duck, the hunters saw
it and slaughtered it...
Lesson to be learned from this:
Whoever mixes with people who are unlike
him and eats, drinks and associates with him is not a son of his own
race. So everyone should make friends with their peers.
3 8- THE
LIGHT OF THE GOOSE AND THE STAR
This is the last story in the book
"Emsâl-i Lokman Hakim" by Nükabül Mülâh:
"A goose saw the light of a star in
the water. It thought it was a fish and attacked it strongly to hunt it. It
repeated its attack several times. Ultimately, it realized that it was nothing
to hunt and abandoned it.
The next day he saw a fish in the water
again. He stopped hunting it, thinking it was the light of the star he saw
yesterday, but did not hunt it...
Lesson to be learned from this:
A person must be able to choose between
truth and falsehood. Because, let one of them not claim the place of the
other: Let not falsehood replace the truth...
— 255 —
M) BAZI AKVAL'İL ARAB
SENTENTI QU E DAM ARABIC
1 . The
beginning of wisdom is the fear of Allah.
2 . Among the
people of the earth, a scholar is like gold in a mine.
3 . Whoever
keeps himself in the range of the wise, Allah will keep him in the range of the
ignorant among people.
4 . Whoever
loves to strengthen wisdom should not let women control himself.
5 . It is
easier to transfer evil from bad people than to transfer sadness from a hard
place.
6 . In terms of
self-control, be like people you don't know.
7 . Whoever's
mount is greedy, its owner will be poverty.
8 . He who
hides his secret achieves his wish.
9 . Cruelty is
learned at the beginning of an orphan's life.
1 0. What you
sow in the morning will benefit you. You reap what you sow, son of Adam.
1 1. Your
secret is under your protection, easier to keep than someone else's secret.
1 2. He who
praises you is as if he had cursed you.
1 3. He who
brings words to you will take them from you to someone else.
1 4. The learned knows the ignorant; because
he was ignorant at first.
The ignorant does not know the
scholar; because he did not become a scholar.
1 5. The
ignorant is the enemy of his own self; How can he be a friend to someone
else?
— 256 —
(He who rides on a horse with ambitions will
naturally fall. Hazrat Ali)
17. He who does things with initiative,
effort and consultation will own even the seas.
1 8. Having a
lot of experience develops and matures the mind.
1 9. If all
people were smart, the world would be ruined.
2 0. Mischief
destroys much of the wealth.
2 1. A lazy
person is someone who sleeps a lot, is estranged from God, and inherits
poverty.
2 2. Make
neighbors before the house and friends before the road.
2 3. If you
want to be treated well, do good to others.
2 4. See your
own flaws just as you see the flaws of others.
2 5. The beginning of anger is madness, and the
end is regret.
2 6. Whatever
is destined for a person is completed; Ambition is invalid.
2 7. He
whose desires (the desires of his soul) prevail will destroy his mind.
2 8. Worship
kills lust.
2 9. An
intelligent enemy is better than an ignorant friend.
3 0. Giving
up on the desires of the soul and not doing evil is wealth.
3 1. There
is no wisdom like being cautious,
There is no piety like refraining from
what is haram.
There is no goodness
like good morals, there is no wealth like contentment.
3 2. Poverty
that is contented with is better than wealth that is earned through illicit
means and cruelty.
F: 17
— 257 —
3 3. The tongue
of Ahras (the mute) is better than the tongue of the liar.
3 4. The worst
of people is the scholar whose knowledge does not benefit him.
3 5. These two
things cannot be satisfied: One is the one who wants knowledge; The other
one is the one who wants goods.
3 6. A person
without manners is like a corpse without a soul.
3 7. A small
amount of goods that do not cause harm is better than a lot of goods that are
harmful.
3 8. The
ignorant person is satisfied with his soul, that is, he likes himself and
fulfills his soul's desires.
3 9. He who
speaks many words will be humiliated.
4 0. The few
possessions that are appreciated are the source of wealth.
4 1. The
intelligent person who is deprived of sustenance (because of his praise) is
better than the ignorant person who is given abundant sustenance (because he
does not know the value of sustenance).
4 2. Listen,
learn... Be silent, be safe...
4 3. There is
remorse in haste, and there is salvation in being content.
4 4. People are
of two types:
First, someone who has received blessings
but is not satisfied with them.
The second is the person who cannot find
the blessing and wants it.
4 5. The reform
(correction and improvement) of the Raiyya (people) is more beneficial than the
correction (correction and improvement) of most of the junud (soldiers). w
4 6. Patience
is the key to joy; Haste is also the key to regret.
(*) Cünd: Its plural is "cünud". It means private, soldier,
army, someone's assistants, city, etc. (Yeni Lügat, p. 89)
— 258 —
4 7. There is
no brotherhood of kings (administrators),
There is no rest for the envious,
Liars also have no humanity.
4 8. A sinless,
just person considers himself a sinner.
4 9. Protect
yourself from the honorable (good) man you consider light, the foolish person
you take as a joke, the intelligent person you make angry, and the evil (bad)
people you live with...
5 0. Three
things do not provide any benefit together with three other things:
a ) Humility
along with greatness,
b ) Evil along
with goodness,
c ) Ignorance
along with wisdom does not provide any benefit.
5 1. There
is no knowledge other than what you hide in your chest, which you can reveal
whenever you wish.
5 2. The most
understanding of people are those who see (calculate) the end of things.
5 3. Three
things become evident only in three places:
a ) Valor in
war,
b ) The judge
is in anger
c ) Friendship
also becomes evident when it is needed.
5 4. Include
among the animals the one who cannot distinguish good from evil, good from evil
(count among them).
5 5. The best
of brothers are those who prevent their brothers from evil and direct them to
good deeds.
5 6. A person
who does not overcome all the desires of his soul cannot be a wise
"Wise" person.
— 259 —
5 7. Whoever
experiences, his knowledge increases; Whoever believes, his faith
increases.
5 8. A wise
person is better than a dumb person, a speaker is better than an ignorant
person.
5 9. When you
speak a word, it owns you; Even when you don't talk, you own it.
6 0. If the
ignorant person did not act ignorant, it would not be known that the intelligent
person is intelligent.
6 1. From the
cradle-Seek (learn) knowledge until you meet Huda (Allah).
6 2. The thing that is difficult for a
person is to know his own self.
6 3. People
follow the religion of their rulers.
6 4. Whoever
sees the ugly (bad) as beautiful, acts accordingly (does it).
6 5. Take from
what is on Ridfe/*'
6 6. Love of the world and possessions is
the root of all mistakes.
6 7. Unfounded
modesty hinders sustenance.
6 8. The best
friendship is the lack of opposition.
6 9. Everything
that the servant has is for his Mevla.
7 0. Six habits
tell us about the fool:
1 ) Getting
angry for no reason,
2 ) Useless
speech,
3 ) Trusting
each person,
4 ) Knowing the
aches and pains in hands and feet and other organs,
(*) Rıdfe: A stone heated by fire or sun. To leave the angry stone in
the milk and give it peace. The meat they cook on a hot stone, which they
call "merdûf" (Ahterî Lügati, p. 437)
— 260 —
5 ) Asking
unnecessary questions,
6 ) He
cannot distinguish his friend from his enemy.
7 1. The
world is carrion, those who want it are dogs.
7 2. Wealth is
contentment. The root of poverty is to show humility.
7 3. The two
situations that cause people to perish are:
One of them is unnecessary spending and
wasting of goods.
The other is speaking useless words.
7 4. As long as
anger continues against you, do not consider yourself among the people.
7 5. Be content
with what God has given you so that you can become rich.
7 6. Vera'
(avoiding the haram) is such a tree that its trunk is contentment and its fruit
is comfort (peace).
7 7. The
visitor is in the grip (in the hands, at the command) of the one being visited.
7 8. A person
who sets a trap for others and then falls into it himself (caught) is not
intelligent.
7 9. The
camel kneels in the camel's place.
8 0. The world
is not the place of virtues; It is a place to reunite with your loved one.
8 1. Fool
is from ricle (the grass of folly).
8 2. Being near
the big mountain brings evil to people.
8 3. Visit as
much as you can, without getting bored, so that love will increase.
8 4. Whatever
a person loves most, he mentions it a lot.
— 261 —
8 5. Humility
increases honor. With this, the blessing is completed.
8 6. Perfection
(maturity) lies in three things:
a ) Being
chaste in religion,
b ) To be
patient in times of disaster,
c ) In
life, the good thing is to be cautious.
8 7. An unjust
sultan (ruler) is like a river without water.
8 8. When
the body is sick, just as food does not benefit; When the mind closes the
door to the love of the world, advice will not benefit it.
8 9. A scholar
without action is like a cloud without rain.
9 0. Whoever
treats his father with dignity (cautiousness), his days will be fruitful.
9 1. The rich
who are not generous are like a fruitless tree.
9 2. An
impatient poor person is like a lamp without oil.
9 3. Youth
without repentance is like a house without a roof.
9 4. A woman
without shame is like food without salt.
9 5. A
single day of the scholar is better than the entire life of the ignorant.
9 6. The
oppressor is dead, even if he lives in the worldly life.
Muhsin is alive, even if he has gone to
the afterlife.
9 7. My
heart is on my son's heart.
My son's heart is also on a stone.
9 8. Do
not show hostility to those who are hostile and envious of you.
9 9. Do
not rush into work due to difficulties unless you think carefully.
1 00. Do
not address the stupid person and do not join him. Because he is
shameless.
— 262 —
We gave wisdom to Luqman. (Luqman: 31112)
Whoever has been given wisdom has been
given plenty of goodness. (Baccarat: 2/269)
WISDOM OF HAZRET-I LOQMAN ALEYHİSSELAM
— 263 —
— 264 —
A) HZ. LOKMAN
HEKIM'İN HİKMETLERİ
Allah Almighty said:
"For the sake of my glory, we gave wisdom to Luqman, saying, 'Give
thanks to Allah.
And whoever is thankful will benefit himself;
Whoever is ungrateful, surely
Allah (CC) is all-forgiving, all-praising.
Remember when Luqman said to his son:
He preached to him:
- Baby! Do not associate partners with Allah.
Because polytheism is a great oppression." (Lokman
Surah, verse: 12-13)
(*) The dictionary meaning of Hikmet is:
Mind, knowledge, acting with knowledge, success in deeds. Wisdom in the
tradition of scholars: It means elevating one's soul to the level of full
angelhood by acquiring as much theoretical knowledge as one can and doing
virtuous deeds.
Wisdom, Quran, Prophethood, book,
religion, sound sunnah, sound knowledge, good morals, useful arts, preventing evil,
spreading good deeds, useful and exemplary good words, the custom of Allah, our
Prophet (salla'llāhu aleyhi wa sallam). It is the Sunnah of God, religious
advice, awe, obedience, divine sign, turning everything to the truth... It is
understanding the truth and meaning of things.
Wisdom: It is all of the things listed
above and every kind of wisdom is the gift of Allah. (True Religion Quran
Language: 2/913)
— 265 —
2 - THE GREAT
WISDOM
The reason why this person, who is famous
as "Luqman al-Hakim" and who is reported to have been endowed with
wisdom, is known as "judge", which suits him very well, is probably
because he gave many and meaningful "advice".
The following examples of advice, which
are from his language but are actually the words of God Almighty, also give us
an idea about what "wisdom" consists of:
- Oh my son! Do not associate others
with Allah; undoubtedly, polytheism is the greatest oppression.
- Even if what you do is the size of a
mustard seed, Allah is aware of it.
- Perform the prayer, enjoin what is in
accordance with the religion, and prevent what is contrary to the religion...
And be patient with whatever happens to
you...
- Do not walk on the earth
boastfully! ... (Surah Luqman: verses 13, 16, 17, 18)
So, the results of the wisdom God gave him
appear to be these meaningful advices. These valuable warnings are
reflected to people as a result of their wisdom and knowledge...
(Ekrem SAGIROGLU: From Knowledge to
Science and Real Life p. 120, Bayrak Publishing-Matbaacılık Koll.Şti. İst.
1986)
— 266 —
B) HIS WISDOM
PREVENTED HIM FROM ASKING HIM
Just as David was the first to make a
shirt of armor, he was also the first to wear it.
David (peace be upon him) started to make
a shirt of armor^
Lokman Hekîm had never seen a shirt of
armor. He was amazed when he saw David making a shirt of armor.
Since she did not know what it was, she
wanted to ask David Aleyhisselam to find out, but she preferred to remain
silent until David Aleyhisselam knitted her and ejaculated. His wisdom
prevented him from asking her...
(Salebi, p.278, Zamahsheri: 3/282, Hâkim
Müstedrek: 2/422)
3 - ARE
YOU NOT THE ABESHENI LOKMAN?
A man came to Lokman Hekim and said:
— Aren't you Abyssinian Lokman? said.
Lokman Hekim:
"Yes," he said.
Man:
"Weren't you a shepherd who grazes
the sheep?" said.
Lokman Hekim:
"Yes," he said and continued his
advice to the man:
Be friendly to people. Treat them
nicely. Please them with your sweet words...
— 267 —
- O my brother's son! If you do what
I say (and I do the same), let me give you these advice:
I protect my eyes from evil. I hold
my tongue. I eat it halal. I protect my chastity and honor. I
fulfill my promise. I offer treats to my guests. I respect neighborly
rights. I abandon trivial (useless) things. For these reasons, I
became as you see (I reached wisdom), he said. (Tafsir of İbn Kesîr,
p.911)
Hz. of the Umayyad Caliphs. Omar
b. Abd'ül-Azîz wrote a letter to Hasan Basrî:
"Give
me some advice," he says . Room:
— "Your life is
as long as Prophet Noah,
Hz. Your property as much as Solomon,
Hz. I am as certain as Abraham,
And Hz. If only you were wise like
Luqman. You should know that there is a difficult slope to overcome at the
end of this. And that is death.
After death, there are two destinations
(heaven and hell). "One of these two is destined," he
writes. (Hakses Magazine; Issue: 134, p.13)
Hz. To Lukman Aleyhisselam:
— They asked,
"How did he learn wisdom?" In reply:
— 268 —
"Just
as a good man does not step on the ground unless he feels it with his stick, I
am just like him. When I want to speak, I think first and speak if there is
something good. Otherwise, I remain silent. This is how I reached wisdom,"
he said . (Mecâlis-i Sinaniyye: p.'442)
6 - HOW
DID YOU ACHIEVE WISDOM
Hz. To Lokman Hakim:
— "How did you
reach this level of wisdom and rank?" they said. Luqman:
— "1. With
so-called righteousness,
2 . In
compliance with the trust,
3 . By not
speaking unnecessarily,
4 . By not
valuing what is not necessary for me..." he said. (Ihyâ: 3/110)
Suveyd Bin Samit came to Mecca for Hajj.
Because of the beauty of his poetry and the
honor of his lineage, his tribe said to him:
— He gave me the
title "Al-kamil..."
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
searched for this person and found him.
He called to Islam...
Suwayd:
" I guess you also
have what I have," he said.
" What do you
have?"
— The wisdom of Luqman.
— Can you read them to me?
— 269 —
Suwayd read...
The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu
'alayhi wa sallam):
" This is such a nice
word," he said.
And continue:
"But mine is better than yours:
The Quran that Allah sent down to me!
It is a source of guidance and
light..." he said.
He read the Quran to him...
Suwayd: •
And he returned to Medina.
His heart was inclined towards Islam...
But soon the Khazraj people killed him.
His people say that he died as a
Muslim/ 0
(According to historians, Suveyd b. Samit
was known as Kamil (The Competent) in Medina due to his talent, bravery,
nobility and poetry. However, when he returned to Medina after meeting the
Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam), he fought in the Battle of
Buas, which broke out a while later. was killed.) (Mawdûdî: Tefhîmül
Kur'an, 4/292)
Lokman Hekîm, who lived a long life:
— Those who want a long life:
His head is cool,
His heart is clear,
It should keep the feet warm... he
said/ 2 '
( 1) Objections
to Islam and Answers from the Holy Quran, p. 196
( 2) Prof. Dr. Süheyl
ÜNVER: Lokman Hekim, p. 31.
— 270 —
One day, David Aleyhisselam said to Lokman
Hekim:
- How are you? said. Lokman
Hekim replied:
- I am under the control of another
power...
Another day, David Aleyhisselam said to
Lokman Hekim:
- How did you wake up? asked.
Lokman Hekim:
"I spent the morning doing my job,
with one hand on the other," he said.
(This word must mean that he spent the
whole night praying and praying.)
Its discoverer said: "What is meant
by this is the hand of virtue and justice."®
1 0- LOQMAN
AND THE BLIND PERSON
It is said that a man was blind in one
eye. His other eye saw very well...
Lokman Hekim removed the man's blind eye
and replaced it with a goat's eye.
A lot of time has passed. One day,
Lokman Hekim saw the man he met on the road and said:
— "How are your eyes?" he
asked.
The man replied:
- My old eye sees very well. As for
my other eye, he said, since it is a goat's eye, wherever he sees greenery, he
runs to that side. (4)
( 3) aes 17, Mecalis-i Sinaniye,
p. 442, Tefsir-i Cevahir: L/138,
( 4) Narrated by: Fatima Dürdâne, daughter
of Hasan Fehmi İlmen, residing in Emirgân, Istanbul 8.12.1980
— 271 —
1 1-WHO DID YOU
LEARN LITERATURE FROM?
Hz. Lokman Hakim'e:
— "From whom did you
learn manners?" they asked. He replied:
" I learned from the rude
people. That is, I avoided doing whatever of their work I did not like..."
he said. (5)
They asked Lokman Hekîm again:
— "Which is the most
despicable (worst) of people?" Hz. Luqman:
— "The most miserable
of people is the one who does not feel sad when he remembers the sins he has
committed, and who continues to do evil without paying attention to people
seeing him. Such people must immediately pull themselves together and become
sad about their sins. Otherwise, committing sins and not feeling sad about them
is a sign of weakness in faith." "The result of this is a rapid
progress towards disbelief." (6)
Another answer he gave to the same
question is as follows:
He said , "He is the one who
acts nemâzizim (does not know the commandment and does not do the prohibition
anil munkar) even though he sees the bad actions of people." (7)
( 5) Sheikh
Sa'di: Gülistan, p. 386.
( 6) Celaleyn Interpretation: 2/62, Mehmet
Dikmen-Bünyamin Ateş: History of the Prophets, p. 515.
( 7) Majmuatüt Tafasir: 5/63,
— 272 —
The following was written on Lokman Hekîm's ring:
— It is better to hide what you see than
to disgrace someone with suspicion.®
1 4- THE
MOST DELICIOUS BLESSING IN THE WORLD
— "Oh Lukman!
What is the most delicious blessing in the world?" they said.
Hz. Luqman:
"I have tasted
all kinds of flavors in the world; I could
not find anything more delicious than knowledge..." he replied.®
1 5- HOW
DID YOU SEE THE WORLD
Oh Luqman!
— How did you see the world? they
said.
Luqman:
- I saw the world as an inn with two
doors...
"I entered from one door. I'm about
to leave the other," he said. (10)
( 8) Ghazali: Chemistry of Bliss: 1/354,
( 9) A. Cemil Akıncı: Lokman Hekim,
p. 198.
( 10) A. Cemil Akıncı: Lokman Hekim,
p. 208.
F: 18
— 273 —
"O Son! Surely the world is a deep
sea. Many people have drowned in it. Now you are also in this sea.
If you get on the ship of piety and trust
in God, you can be saved.
I'm not sure you can escape all the
dangers..." 00
1 7- HE
LEAVES THE WORLD WITH LONGING
O Son! Two people leave this world
with longing: One:
a ) Those who
have property but do not eat it,
b ) And one who
knows knowledge but does not act on it. 02 '
Lokman Hakim said:
- My son! Hold on to wisdom and you
will be honored with it.
Cherish wisdom, and you will become dear
to it.
Wisdom is the most beautiful and noble of
morality, the True Religion of Allah Almighty. 03 '
( 11) İhyâ, vol. 3, p. 202,
( 12) Tabari, cls 383,
( 13) Arâis'ül Mecâlis, p. 206,
— 274 —
1 9- IS
WISDOM OR GOODS BETTER?
Hz. Luqman said to his son:
— "My son! True wisdom is that you act with ten things:
1 - You
must resurrect dead hearts!
2 - You
should sit with the slackers!
3 - You
must beware of the assembly of kings!
4 - You
should not meet unworthy people!
5 - You
must free the slaves!
6 - You
must host the strange ones!
7 - You
must make the poor rich!
8 - You
must protect the honor of honorable people!
9 - You
must also increase the greatness of great people!
You must strictly follow the commandment of bilma'ruf and prohibition of
evil.
1 0- Wisdom is better than wealth:
It protects from fear.
It is a good preparation for war.
It is a good capital in trade.
He is an intercessor when fear strikes.
Nafis is a good evidence when it reaches the level of certainty.
It is a good cover when the dress does not cover it." (14)
(14) Münebbihât,
s. 36
— 275 —
2 0- THE
SECRET TO LIVING LONG
They asked Lokman Hekim:
" Why can you live
in good health and well-being for so long?"
He answered:
— "I abide by
the principle of once a day, once a week, once a month, once a year... That is:
He eats once a day,
He approaches my wife once a week,
It cleans my insides by using laxatives
once a month.
"I used to have blood drawn once a year..." he said. (15)
His son asked Lokman Hekîm; Daddy:
—What is a person's best trait?
Luqman:
"It is religion," he said.
Son:
— What if there are two traits?
Luqman:
"Religion and property," he said.
Son:
— What if there are three traits?
( 15) Sıhhat
Treasury, p. 244
— 276 —
Luqman:
"Religion, wealth and modesty,"
he said.
Son:
— What if there are four traits?
Luqman:
"Religion, wealth, modesty and good
habits," he said.
Son:
— What if they have five traits?
Luqman:
"Religion, wealth, modesty, good
manners and generosity," he said.
Son:
- What if they have six characteristics?
Luqman:
- My son! Whoever has these five characteristics
that I have listed, that person is pious, pure and clean and is a friend of
Allah Almighty; He said: 'He is far from the devil.' 16 '
2 2- THE
LOYALTY OF LOQMAN ALEYHİSSELAM
One day, they brought a watermelon as a gift to Lokman's master. He
said to the servant, "Go and call my son Luqman."
When Luqman arrived, his master cut the watermelon and gave him a slice.
Lokman ate that slice like honey and sugar.
And he ate it with such pleasure that Luqman's master also ate the second
slice.
He cut it and presented it. Just like that, he ate the whole
watermelon.
( 16) Ihyâ:
3/122,
— 277 —
Only one slice left. His master said, "Let me eat this too; let
me see what it is like. It's probably a sweet watermelon."
Because Lokman, with such taste, with such pleasure, with such appetite,
He was eating; Those who saw it also had an appetite.
As soon as his master ate that slice, his mouth burned like fire because of
the bitterness of the watermelon.
He shook, his tongue was numb, his throat burned.
For a while, he almost lost himself because of the bitterness.
Then "Oh my dear sir,
How did you eat such poison sweetly?
How did you consider such a pain a blessing?
What kind of patience is this? Why were you so patient? It's like
you have an attempt on your life?
Why didn't you say anything? "Why didn't you say, 'Be patient, I
can't eat now?'" he said.
Luqman said: So many blessings from your giving hand.
I have been provided with sustenance, so much so that I have literally
doubled in size due to my shame.
I am ashamed to say that something you offer in your hand, O owner of
knowledge, is painful. I have fallen in love with your trap and trap.
If I cannot bear this much pain and cry out, may all my parts be destroyed
by justice.
— 278 —
Will the taste of the hand donating candy ever leave the bitterness of this
watermelon?
Because of love, bitter things become sweet, and because of love, copper
turns into gold.
Turbid, sedimentary waters become pure and clear because of
love. Problems are healed by love.
The dead come alive because of love. The sultan becomes a servant out
of love. (17)
Wasn't Luqman a pure servant?
Wouldn't he never fail to serve and strive day and night?
His master would put him forward in his work and treat him more favorably
than his sons.
Luqman was the son of a servant but he was a master.
The soul was free from what it wanted.
Luqman's master was similar to the master in appearance;
In reality, he was Luqman's master, his servant, his slave.
There are many such men in this upside down world.
In the eyes of such people, a pearl is worth more than a straw.
This owner of light finds a way to a man's heart through reason.
He sees everything in that man, his understanding is not by hearing it from
someone.
( 17) Tahir
Biiyükkörükçü; Mevlana and Mesnevi: p. 244-245, A.
Gölpınarh; Mesnevi and Commentary: c. 2 H. 231-233,
— 279 —
The true servants of God, who know the secret things very well, are the
spies of the hearts in the world.
Once a dream appears in the heart, the secret of that dream is revealed
clearly before his eyes.
Luqman was a master in the form of a servant.
Servanthood was a veil for him in his appearance.
Know well that from that world to this world,
There are many things that go against you.
Luqman's lord,
He wouldn't eat without Luqman.' 18 '
2 4- SERVANTS'
SLANDER BY SAYING "HE ATE THE FRUITS IN THE FIRST DAY"
Luqman is a despised servant among his
master's servants.
The master sent his servants to the
vineyard to bring fruit so that he could eat and be satisfied.
It was as if Luqman was a friend among the
servants.
It was full of meanings. Its
appearance was like night.
Those servants greedily and greedily ate
the fruits they had gathered.
They said to their master that Luqman ate
the fruits.
His master grimaced at Luqman and treated
him harshly.
( 18) Ibid.:
c. 2 H. 228-230,
— 280 —
Luqman sought a reason for his master's scolding; When he understood,
he opened his mouth and said.
- Oh sir! A treacherous servant cannot gain God's approval.
O Lord of greatness, test us; Make us all drink hot water.
After that, ride the horse. Make us run on foot across a wide, endless
plain.
Then see the one who does evil. Watch the arts of Allah, who reveals
the secrets.
The master made his slaves drink hot water.
They also drank from their fear.
After that, he started making them run across the plains.
That group was running up and down.
Then they started vomiting from exhaustion.
That water brought out the fruits inside them.
Lokman also felt depressed. He started vomiting and clear water came
out of his mouth.
If the wisdom of Luqman shows this,
What does the wisdom of
the one who cultivates and develops existence not do? On the Day of
Judgment, all hidden things will be revealed. What you didn't want to know
has come to light. They drank hot water and their intestines were cut.
Their secrets, which would disgrace them, were completely revealed.
Bad medicine is put into a bad wound.
A donkey needs a head, a dog needs a tooth.
There is wisdom in the saying "dirty things are for dirty
people"!
The one who deserves ugliness is an ugly wife. (19)
( 19) A.
Gölpınarlı; Masnavi and its Commentary: c. 1 second. 588-589,
— 281 —
2 5- THE
SECRET OF LOKMAN HEKIM
At the time of his death, Lokman Hekim
gave an envelope and said: "This is my mystery. You can only open it after
my death. Put it in the auction before opening it. Whoever gives more silver
coins, keep the envelope and let him open the envelope. The money to be
received should be distributed to my family as alimony."
And then my soul gave in.
They opened the envelope and inside he
wrote the following couplet in his own language:
"Keep your feet warm, your head cool,
"Find yourself a job and don't think
deeply."
Description:
All successor and predecessor physicians
agreed on this matter. Indeed, all diseases first enter the foot. It
reaches the top and finally the brain. But people don't realize
this. A human's foot is like the roots of plants. Particular
attention is required during winter days. Those with delicate bodies and
delicate skin should be even more careful.' 20 '
For the sake of morsel, the morsel became
a hostage and left;
Now it's Luqman's turn, take a bite and
go.
You are caught up in the
mood of this morsel of struggle, and you keep looking for thorns in Luqman's
soles.
( 20) Health
Treasury: p. 113,
— 282 —
However, there is not even a thorn on his feet, not even the shadow of a
thorn. But you do not have this distinction from your ambition.
Lokman's life is God's rose garden.
Why should his dear foot be injured by a thorn!^
"It was narrated from Enes (RA). He
said:
The Messenger of Allah (salla'llāhu
'alayhi wa sallam):
— Silence is wisdom, but those who do it
are few; they said.
Beyhaqi recorded this hadith with a weak
document in his book "Esh'Shuab" and authenticated it as a hadith
from the words of Luqman Aleyhisselam. (22)
Lokman went to Dawud in pure condition.
He saw that he was making rings of iron.
That great sultan was attaching the rings
he made of steel to each other.
Luqman had little knowledge of the art of
making weapons; He was surprised.
What good is this? What do you do
with layers of rings?
He said should I ask?
( 21) A. Gölpmarlı; Masnavi and its
Commentary: c. 1 second. 381-382,
( 22) Bülüğ'ül-Merâm; c.4,
s. 377, Hadith No: 1506, Tanbih'ul-Gâfilîn: p. 236,
— 283 —
Then, he said to himself, patience is better.
PATIENCE: "It is a guide that helps a
man reach his goal as quickly as possible," he said.
Didn't you ask? The job appears very
quickly.
The bird of patience flies faster than all
other birds.
But if you ask, things will be understood
later.
An easy thing becomes difficult due to
impatience.
Luqman remained silent for a while and
watched. David also finished his work.
He made an armor. He dressed up in
front of the patient Lokman:
- Oh brave man said! "This is a
good dress that protects a person from being injured in war! Luqman said,
"Patience is wisdom, but few do it."
Read the end of the Surah
"Wal-Asrı" and see!
Almighty Allah (CC) equated patience with
God.
God created hundreds of chemicals.
But man has never seen a chemistry like
patience. (23)
( 23) A.
Gölpınarlı; Masnavi and its Commentary: c. 3, p. 217-218,
— 284 —
2 8- THE
HEART AND ITS SECRETS
Luqman said to his son:
- My son!
The heart is composed of the mixed secrets
of the soul.
The heart advises the soul so that it does
not acquire the attributes of the soul that inclines towards the devil, desires
(empty things) and the world...
It is such a world that one can stay in it
for as little as two years, like a child wanting to leave the breast...
After death, one goes to one of two
dormitories.
Them:
O Heaven,
Or it is Hell.
It is not possible for the soul that has
broken its connection with God to turn to the side of the spirit or to turn to
the side of the heart. Because:
"El-cinsü yenilü ile'l-cins":
genus refers to genus.
The soul also inclines towards the devil,
desires and the world.
The heart first inclines towards the soul
and then inclines towards the soul.
Here, a period of interregnum occurs as
the soul enters between the heart and the soul.
But it can return to mercy after the
interregnum...
When he gets rid of his selfish desires,
he becomes sincerity himself.
He is tawheed.
Thus, it is possible to improve your
situation...
— 285 —
- Baby!
Follow my way.
This is also the manifestation of tawhid
(my belief in One God).
If you want to benefit from happiness in
the future, do this!
No, if you don't do this...
Anything beyond that is just the braying
of the donkey...
They said:
— O sofudur...
He speaks before his time... (24)
One day, while Luqman was passing
somewhere, someone compared him to his escaped slave:
— "Come
on!" said. He held her and didn't let her go. He tormented
him for a year, made him work, and built a house by making him work for a year.
A year later, the escaped slave regretted
it. He came to his master and apologized. But because his master had
wronged Lokman, he was terribly afraid of him. He untied Lokman's foot and
apologized.
Luqman laughed:
" Your apology is
useless. Because you have made me swallow blood for a year. How can the
torments and torments you have inflicted be removed from your heart with just
two words? Even so, O good man, I forgive you. Because although you have made
me work and have been rewarded, I also have benefits and benefits:
- You are profitable because you built a house for free.
( 24) Neysaburi
Tafsiri, c. 21, s. 58,
— 286 —
I am also profitable. Because my
knowledge, wisdom and experience have increased.
I also had slaves. I would make them
do hard work from time to time. "Now that I am working in mud works
and have learned what toil means, I will not offer hard work to my slaves from
now on," he said.
It is like this:
Whoever does not surround the elders,
He doesn't feel sorry for the little ones
or the helpless.
If the words of elders are hard on you,
Don't be harsh on those under your
control! (23)
3 0- LOQMAN
AND ADVICE TO THIEVES
They hit a caravan on Greek
soil. They seized a lot of goods. The merchants wept and groaned:
"For
the sake of Allah and the Prophet, have mercy on us and give us our
property," they said . Of course, this pleading was of no use:
When the black-hearted thief prevails,
Would he be upset by the cries of the
caravan people?
Coincidentally, Lokman Hekim was also
among the people of that caravan. One of the people of the caravan asked
Luqman:
" Give these thieves
some advice, say wise words. Maybe they will give back some of our property. It
is a shame that so much property is gone..." they said.
Lokman Hekim:
( 25) Şeyh
Sâdî-i Şîrâzî: Bostan, p. 189, Translation: Kilisli Rifat Bilge, Meral
Publications, İrfan Printing House, Istanbul-1975.
— 287 —
"It is a shame to have wise words to
say to such people," he said.
It is not possible to remove rust from
rusty iron by polishing it.
It is useless to give advice to a person
with a dark heart.
Can an iron nail ever penetrate a
stone? (26)
(Explanation: The story is very clear.
There is nothing incomprehensible about it. The "black-hearted thief"
who was shot and robbed in the caravan land and did not listen to the cries of
the caravan people is Greek, Westerner.
This time, what was seized from the hit
caravan was "not a lot of goods" but Lokman Hekim's "JUDICIAL
WORDS".
The wisdom of "HEART AND TONGUE"
belonging to Lokman Hekim was attributed to Aesop; It seems that the
"OATH OF LOQMAN" was intended to be transformed into the "OATH
OF HIPPOCRAT". Its sources are given in the topic "Hz. Luqman
Aleyhisselam".)
31) I HAVE ONLY ONE HEART
In his advice to his son, Lokman Hekim
said:
- My son! Run away from the grain of
sin. Fear Allah as if you would incur His wrath, but do not place hope
beyond fear...
At this moment his son answers the
question:
— How is it possible to be both fearful
and hopeful? I only have one heart?
Lokman Hekim's answer:
( 26) Sheikh
Sâ'di-i Shirazi: Gülistan, p. 383, 9. Baskı, İrfan Mat. Istanbul 1975
— 288 —
- Don't you know, my child! A
believer has two hearts, with one he fears; becomes hopeful with the
other...
(Explanation:
In the fourth verse of the Ahzab Surah in
the Quran, Almighty Allah states: "Allah did not create two hearts within
one man..."
>
The late Hasan Basri Çantay says in the
explanation of this verse:
One of the unbelievers said, "I have
two hearts. I know everything with them. These are superior to the single heart
of Muhammad (salla'llāhu 'alayhi wa sallam)." He rejects it.)
The Encyclopedia of the History of the
Prophets conveys Lokman Hekim's response to his son as follows:
"Lokman Hekim; "O son! A
believer has such a heart that it is like two hearts:
He hopes for the mercy of Allah Almighty
with someone,
With the other, he fears the punishment of
Allah Almighty.
(In other words, the believer will be
between hope and fear. He will neither just hope and be safe from the
punishment; nor will he fall into fear and despair of the mercy of Allahu
Teala)" he said / 27 '
32IGNORANT HIKMET ENTERTAINMENT COMES
"Don't play with kids like that,
don't play coy with your friends.
Walk with the men of truth, and be
forgiven for their prayers." (Rûh'ül-beyân: vol. 7, p. 85),
Sheikh Sa'di said:
( 27) History
of Prophets Ans. 4/160 and dv
F: 19
— 289 —
I heard that Luqman is black, his skin and
figure are delicate.
He was a servant of God who kept his
advice. His job was suitable in Baghdad. In one year, the palace was
filled with goodness.
None of the vizier's slaves recognized
Him.
When the slave came before the vizier
again, he said to him:
— He warned him not
to consider himself higher than Luqman...
His foot slipped and he appeared to
apologize to Luqman.
Luqman laughed and said:
— "What good does apologizing do?
My lungs have been filled with blood because of your oppression for a year!
A thousand arts, how can I open the door from my heart?
But O pure-spirited
person! I am your apology, I will forgive you so that you do not harm
us. Because you have made your own palace prosperous. I was given
much wisdom and knowledge.
O good-luck young man! You
are a slave at the door of the tent maker, whose orders and working hours are
very harsh.
When I remember every
hard and difficult job; To hard hearts, the prayer of the Saints appears
to me as a solution.
Anyone who is subjected to great oppression
cannot bear that oppression.
Those who do not feel sorry for the weak
and small will receive harsh words from their superiors! (that is, those
who do not have mercy will not be pitied).
— 290 —
Do not oppress those under your command.
Don't blame time, you are in it too.
There will be no human being left in the
world (Everyone dies and will be held accountable for their actions).
Toy words were not transferred from
adults.
In any case, such words cannot be uttered
by wise people.
If they tell the ignorant a hundred
chapters of wisdom,
"Wise words, games and fun come to
his ears." 08 '
According to what was reported by Sayyid
Yahya Shirvani, at the end of his life he did not put even a morsel into his
mouth for six months. During this period, one day he wanted some kind of
food and his eldest son carefully prepared the food he wanted and brought it to
him. The Sheikh took a bite of it and, without putting it in his mouth,
became busy with his thoughts on divine matters. After a while, he put
back the bite he had taken. When he was asked the reason for this, he
answered as follows: - Lokman Hekim was nourished by the scents of some
medicines for many years. Is it a big deal that I get nourished by the
scent of this bite?
(SY Şirvanî: Vird-i Settar, p. 3, Ahmed
Said Mat. İst. 1971)
( 28) Rûh'ül-Beyân:
c. 7, p. 88,
— 291 —-
34. WHAT SHOULD WE FEED THE PATIENT?
Hz. To Lokman Hekim:
— "What should
we feed the patient?" they said.
Hz. Lokman Hekim also said in his
answer:
"Don't feed him
harsh words , let
him eat whatever you want," he said.
(M. Kemal Pilavoğlu: Islam and Medicine,
p. 112, Kevser Yay. İst. 1973)
3 5- I
THOUGHT THE SESAMES WERE OVER
One day he said to his master Luqman:
- Yes, plant sesame seeds in our field, he
says.
Luqman:
He sows barley. When it was finished,
his master saw him and said:
- Why did you plant barley instead of
sesame? he says.
Luqman:
"I thought barley would grow
sesame," he says.
Lord:
— What is the reason for this? When
you say:
- I saw that you are always sowing the
seeds of sin in the world, which is the field of the afterlife! You are
waiting for mercy and heaven.
He said that if bad deeds bring good ranks
and lead to the blessings of heaven, barley seeds also produce sesame seeds.
— 292 —
This beautiful and exemplary word awoke
his master from his sleep of heedlessness.
He freed Luqman, who brought happiness
with his wise words.' 29 '
3 6- IF
THEY DID NOT HAVE HANDS
Once, the owner let loose to Lokman Hekim:
- O Lokman, our owner's son's eyes are
closed.
- Why?..
- First the wounds appeared, then they
increased and made him invisible...
Our owner asks for help from you.
Lokman Hekim:
— "Oh, if it weren't for your son's
hands!" said.
- What does this mean?
- You go to our owner and tell him that
much. He understands.
The man returned and repeated his answer
verbatim. The owner found the one who was really causing the trouble and
had his son's hands tied.
Less than a month later, the wounds healed
and the child's eyes opened. Because the child had fallen into this
situation after scratching his first small wound.' 30 '
( 29) Mir'ât-ı
Kâinat, vol. 1 second. 199
( 30) A. Cemil
Akıncı: Lokman Hekim, p. 59
— 293 —
One day, Lokman's master will play nerd
(backgammon) with someone and whoever is defeated will drink all the water of
the river.
Or they bet that he would give half of all
his wealth to the winner. When he attempted and played this game, Luqman's
master was defeated. He asked for respite. He regretted playing with
grief and sorrow. Luqman heard this. He consoled his
master. Then they arrived at the riverside with his master and his
adversary.
There Luqman:
- If you offer my master to drink the
water that flowed from this river yesterday while playing nerd, get it ready
and let him drink it.
If you offer running water now, hold it so
it doesn't flow away.
If you want him to drink the water above
this part of the river, keep it so that it does not mix with the downstream...
It is obvious that when my master said
that he did not make it necessary to drink all the waters flowing from this
river from the beginning of the world to the end of the world, he said:
The man kept silent and gave up his
property.
His master, out of joy, freed Luqman.
There are those who say that this is the
first manifestation of their wisdom. 00
( 31) Mir'ât-ı
Kâinat, cl, p. 199
— 294 —
3 8- EAT
YOUR BREAD WITH SUGAR
One day, Lokman Hekim came across a
child. The child had bread in his hand. He was both eating and
feeling...
Lokman Hekim approached the child and
wished:
- Oh my son! Eat your bread with
sugar.
The boy gave a harsh answer:
— Where can I find sugar?
Luqman:
- It is not necessary to find sugar. Wait
until you are very hungry.
Then the only slice of bread you will eat
will be sugary for you/ 32 '
A patient came. He was complaining
about his intestines..
Lokman Hekim laid her down and opened her
belly. After solving his problem, he replaced the intestines... At that
moment, he said: "Come on, come in."
His students considered this statement as
a method.
Another one of them, while Lokman Hekim
was away, said the same words when he finished the surgery and was placing the
intestines. But the intestines could not settle into the abdominal
cavity. The student was drenched in sweat.
At that time, Lokman Hekim came.
The student explained the
situation.
( 32) A.
Cemil Akıncı: Lokman Hekim, p. 142
— 295 —
Doctor Lokman approached the patient... He
grabbed the intestines and started to put them in place. This time he gave
the order, not with sweetness but with a harsh tone: "Let me see, get in
quickly."
The intestines fell into place.
When Lokman Hekim finished his work, he
turned to his student. He explained:
- My son! The intestines of the other
day's patient were not stubborn. They sat together sweetly.
These are stubborn people, they only
understand harshness. Keep it well in mind..
Every limb you try to improve has a habit.
A person who will practice medicine should
know this.
We give our characteristics to the parts
of our body:
An ear that listens to a lot of gossip,
The eye that is forced to look at bad
things,
Bad language spoken,
Mischief of the stomach,
Tired intestines will surely develop a
habit.
A person does not realize what kind of
characteristics he gives to his limbs through his behavior.
Good habits prolong life, bad habits
shorten it.
The day will come when limbs will be moved
from body to body.
These limbs must be compatible with the
character of the body in order to survive there/ 33 '
( 33) AC
Akıncı: Lokman Hekim, p. 139-140
— 296 —
Hazrat David (peace be upon him):
" When you were
going to write and give me the BOOK OF WISDOM, O Luqman?" he said.
Lokman Hekim took the book out of his bag
and handed it over...
Prophet David was very upset. He examined
the book carefully...
He thanked Lokman Hekim...
Hz. David said to his son:
"O Solomon! All
the wisdom that our beloved Allah gave
to Lokman is written in this book. May our descendants protect him well for the
troubles of humanity..." he said.
Solomon promised:
- "O Prophet,
my father! I and my descendants will protect him as if they were their
lives."
The book that Lokman Hekim gave to David
was really kept hidden... It was passed on to Danyal. However, when Buhtunasar
captured and destroyed Palestine, killed the Jews and took some of them to
Babylon, the book was sent to Babylon with Danyal. gone. It was there
until the time of Alexander the Great. When Alexander conquered Babylon,
Luqman's BOOK OF WISDOM fell into the hands of Alexander's teacher
Aristotle. (34)
(This conversation between Prophet Dawud
and Loqman Hekim shows that Luqman Aleyhisselam was a prophet who had a book,
and the BOOK OF WISDOM was passed from hand to hand and from mouth to mouth by
people who appreciated the value of knowledge.)
( 34) A.
Cemil Akıncı: Lokman Hekim, p. 192
— 297 —
Prof. Dr. Süheyl Ünver,
"Who is today's Lokman?" He answers the question as follows:
Hadrat Luqman becomes the All-Wise Wise
One.
Fahrettin Razi said:
Luqman's being a physician, being an
acknowledgment of the blessings given to him and being a preacher (giving
advice) to others, this is the highest (highest) level of man.
In our opinion, today's Lokman is:
He is the one who has a personality not
only by knowing (giving) advice to his son, but also by applying it.' 35 '
4 2- WISDOM
OF THE HEART AND TONGUE''
- Hz. The first wisdom seen in
Luqman, which indicates reason, is this:
He was a shepherd tending his master's
sheep. One day, his master said to him to test his intelligence and knowledge:
— "Slaughter a sheep. Bring me its
two most beautiful limbs."
( 35) S.
Ünver: Lokman Hekim, p. 31
(*) THE WISDOM OF THE HEART AND TONGUE,
which the Greeks attribute to Aesop, is a beautiful anecdote of his, belonging
to Lokman Hekim. This story of Luqman Aleyhisselam has been narrated by
commentators from all levels until our time and Hz. David and Hz. It
is stated that it took place between Luqman.
(Tabari Tafsir: 21/39, Neysabûrî: 21/54,
Hâzin: 3/441, Ebu's Suûd Tafsir: 7/413, Rûh'ül Beyan: 7/76, Hülâsatül Beyan:
11/416)
— 298 —
Hz. Luqman brought his tongue and his
heart.
Tell him another time:
— "Slaughter a
sheep. Bring me its two worst parts." said.
Hz. Luqman brought his tongue and his
heart.
When his master asked the reason for this: <
— “When they're
good, there's nothing better than these two.
"When they are bad, there is nothing
worse than these two," he replied.
His master liked his words of wisdom and
freed him. (36)
4 3- SIT
COMFORTABLE AND STAND UP COMFORTABLE
- Hz. It is said that the first
wisdom of Luqman regarding medicine was as follows:
Luqman and his master were together.
His master made him sit for a long time
when he entered the toilet. When Luqman saw this, he called out:
— "Sitting in
the toilet for a long time actually makes the heart become impatient and wail.
It causes Nasur disease. (37)
The heat rises to the head. Sit
comfortably, calmly and with dignity, get up easily. "In other words,
sit down and stand up slowly, not hard," he said.
( 36) Ruh'ül-Beyah: c. 7, p. 76,
Tenbhih'ül-Gâfilîn: p. 238-239,
( 37) Nasur: It is a disease that occurs
around the seat. Its plural is nevâsîr.
(Müncid, c. 1, p. 805)
— 299 —
When he came out of the toilet, his master
liked these words very much. He had Luqman's words written on the door of
the toilet. 08 '
Alexander had reached the "island of
judges". It was a big island. ;
There he saw a people whose clothes were
made of tree leaves and whose houses were caves-caves in rocks and stones.
He asked them questions about wisdom?
They responded with a more beautiful
answer and a more graceful speech. Because they were in the visible
meaning of the name Hakim (judges).
He said to them:
- Ask what is your need? They said:
- We want to stay on earth
forever! He said:
- I want this for myself too. But how
can he who cannot make himself eternal, how can he make you eternal?
The elder of them said:
— We ask you for our physical health to be
eternal?
He also answered him:
- As I said above, I can't afford this
either! They said:
( 38) Ruh'ül-Beyan:
c. 7, p. 76.
— 300 —
— We have recognized the eternity of our
lives. He said:
- Could I not recognize my own
soul? How is yours, how do I know? They said to him:
- Invite us, let's ask from those who have
the power to do this. His power is also sufficient for things greater than
this...
People were looking at the number of
Alexander's soldiers and the greatness of his rank! Among them was
"Sağlûk Şeyh". He did not lift his head up.
Alexander said to him:
- What's the matter with you that you
don't look at what people are looking at?
Sheikh said:
— The king I saw before you amazed
me! Until I look at you and your king... Alexander said:
— Who is he? Sheikh said:
- One of Melik is with us. The other
one is "health-health".
They both died in one day!
I got up from those two for a while and
then came back to those two. But I couldn't recognize him...
He left them and left... 09 '
This story is mentioned in the commentary
of Surah Luqman.
( 39) Rûh'ül
Beyan, vol. 7, p. 83.
— 301 —
Wisdom is of two types:
1 . It is the
wisdom revealed by saying:
Just like the advice given by Luqman Hekîm
to his son in the Holy Quran.
2 . The wisdom
of meskûtun is the following:
There is wisdom even though it is not
spoken or expressed in words. As a matter of fact, during his visit to
David, Lokman Hekîm found him busy with some work. What are you
doing? he wanted to ask. Wisdom prevented him from asking, but he
began to wait for the job to be finished before asking. Prophet David
completed it and after putting it on:
"What
a beautiful war shirt," he said .
Lokman Hekîm also learned what the work
was without asking. And he said, "What a beautiful trait patience
is," and then added:
"Silence is a wisdom, but few can act
on it," he said.
Upon this word of Lokman, Dawud
Aleyhisselam said to Lokman:
" Because of this word,
you have been called the JUDGE," he said. (40)
( 40) M.
Arabi: Fusus'ul Hikem, p. 234, Tafsir-i Abu's-Suud, Lokman Surasi.
— 302 —
4 6- FOLLOW
THE WAY OF THOSE WHO RETURN TO ME
His Holiness Begavî: In his commentary
titled Meâlimü't-Tenzîl, the 15th verse of Luqman Surah:
"FOLLOW THE WAY OF THOSE WHO RETURN
TO ME.. (Vettebi' sebile men enâbe ileyye)."
In the interpretation of this verse, they
stated:
"What is meant by Meri is Hazrat Abu
Bakr. The explanation for this is as follows: Hazrat Abu Bakr came to Islam.
Hazrat Osman, Talha, Zubeyr, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Abdurrahman Bin Avf (may
Allah be pleased with them) all of them They came to Hazrat Abu Bakr and said:
— "Did you believe
and confirm the Prophet?" Hz. Abu Bakr said:
— "Âmenna ve saddakna
(I believed and confirmed)...
He is a prophet with correct
expression. "Believe in Him too," he said and took them all to
the Messenger of Allah. They all became Muslims. These people converted to
Islam with the encouragement of Hazrat Abu Bakr. What is meant by "follow
the path of that person" declared in the verse. , It is understood that it
is Hazrat Abu Bakr/ 41 '
Explanation:
Scholars, Hz. We reported that they
agreed on the view that Luqman was the "JUDGE" and the
"PARENT". In my opinion, in the mentioned legend, Hz. An
explanation is given for why Lokman is called "VELÎ". Because,
according to the Islamic view, Hz. Muhammad is in the first place in the level
of "GUARDIANNESS" . Abu Bakr passed away
( 41) Şemseddin
Sivasî: Legends of the Four Caliphs, Beloved of Our Prophet (Menâkıb-ı Cehâr
Yâr-ı Giizîn), 50. Menkabe, p. 48.
— 303 —
lyre. Although the
statement made in the form of "The person who wants Meri is Hazrat Abu
Bakr" does not seem contradictory at first glance, when it is compared
with the meaning of "enâbe", which comes after "Meri" in
the actual text of the verse, it becomes clear that the conveyed view is not
correct.
The term "Anaba" is mentioned in
three surahs (4 verses) in the Holy Quran:
1 . It is in
the 27th verse of Ra'd Surah. Meaning:
"Allah guides those who turn to
Him."
2 . It is in
the 15th verse of Luqman Surah. Translation:
"Follow the path of those who turn to
Me."
3 . It is in
the 24th verse of Sad Surah. Translation:
"David repented and turned to
Allah."
4 . Again, it
is in the 34th verse of Sad Surah. Translation:
"Solomon is back to his old self
again." he said.
The meaning of the 15th verse of Luqman
Surah, which is our subject:
"Follow the path of those who return
to me" in the meaning of Çantay:
"Follow the path of those who return
to Me (believers)"; In Elmalı Tafsir:
It has been witnessed that the addition of
"Follow the path of those who return to me (monotheists)" was made.
It is also explained that the sentence
"He is a prophet with correct expressions" refers to a prophet in the
legend. Which prophet should this be considered as a sign?
This prophet is primarily related to
Muhammad, to whom the Holy Quran was revealed, including the Surah Luqman.
— 304 —
Med (peace be upon him)
should be our Lord. Secondly, since the 15th verse of Luqman Surah is
discussed, it must have been referred to Luqman Aleyhisselam.
Moreover, since the prophets David and his
son Solomon are mentioned in two of the four verses in which "enâbe"
is mentioned, the meaning of the said verse becomes clear:
"Follow the path of those who
RETURNED TO ME (DAVUD, Solomon and Prophet Muhammad)"...
Sheikh Sadî-i Şirâzî, from whom we quoted
the wisdoms "The Tolerance of Lokman Hekim" and "Advice to
Luqman and the Thieves", quotes the following wisdom from Bayezid-i
Bestâmî:
"From the mother of Bayezid-i
Bestami:
— Whenever I ate suspicious food while I
was pregnant, Bayezid would poke me. "He wouldn't stop kicking unless
I took the morsel out of my mouth."
When Bayezid came to the 13th verse of
Luqman Surah in the school, a fever fell inside him. When he returned home
he said to his mother:
— "God Almighty says
(Worship me and your parents). How can this happen?!!.." From his mother:
— "I donated my
rights to you. Yes, worship Allah," he receives the answer."® (Sheikh
Sa'di)
(*) Note: In the original text of the verse: "ENİŞKÜRLÎ AND LİVALIDEYK
(THANK ME AND YOUR PARENTS)" is commanded. In this verse, thanking
"PARENT" is accepted as thanking Almighty Allah. Because, the
one who does not thank the servant will not thank Allah Almighty at all.
— 305 —
4 8- LA
FONTEN'S HORSE AND WOLF WISDOM
French fairy tale poet La Fonten
(1621-1695) got to know Lokman Hekim and his works towards the end of his life
(1678-1695):
— "It talks
about the GREAT MASTER who created the universe..."
— "He enriches
his subjects by taking inspiration from Eastern tales..."
— "It
reconciles supernatural forces with the sense of nature."
— "He finds
himself among the warm morning winds of the first spring."
Lokman takes Hekim as a close friend and
seeks his help:
"Come, SUPREME PHYSICIAN, come! Save
your friend..."
La Fonten now finds the MASTER he was
looking for and becomes a friend of Lokman Hekim:
"What a wonderful thing it is to have
a true friend."
After this, La Fonten writes the tale
"HORSE THE WOLF" and makes "WOLF" tell the profession of
his MASTER; In the 20th and 31st lines of this tale, his MASTER, LOKMAN
DOCTOR, is mentioned twice and "he does not go upstairs without
boots":
Because Almighty Allah mentioned the
blessed name "LOQMAN" only twice in the 12th and 13th verses of
Luqman Surah...
After this short explanation, we write
here the tale "HORSE THE WOLF", which also points out some of Lokman
Hekim's wisdom:
— 306 —
Spring has come,
Warm morning winds,
He freshened the herbs.
All living creatures have fallen into the fields, To take their lives.
A wolf was also wandering around, How beautiful is the world without snow.
And then he saw a gray horse;
Released to the green pasture.
Think of the joy of the wolf:
" Here's
some food," he said.
But eat if you can!
Why are you not a sheep, holy man!
I had already finished your work.
But it's a matter of getting you.
I have to resort to various games.
We will shoot, what should we do?
That's what the wolf said,
And he came to the horse in step;
- He
said, I am a descendant of Lokman Hekim;
No matter how much grass there is in these meadows, I know the good and the
bad of them all. Not to brag, but I have found a cure for every
problem. May you throw like a dowling machine, God willing; But you
have a problem, obviously.
— 307 —
Tell me and I'll
dismantle it immediately, free of charge.
You cannot say you have
nothing:
A horse left idle is
either sick or crippled, that's what Lokman Hekim says.
" I
have a boil on my hind leg," said the horse.
- Oh
boy, said the wolf;
What you call a foot is
no joke. Once it does something, it is not easy to deal with. It is my
duty to serve you: I am also the wolf of these surgeries.
Hazrat was looking at
his patient to see if he would get it from here or there.
The horse is already
aware of the situation, he kicked Punduna as soon as he arrived. The
doctor has neither teeth nor jawbone left.
" Oh
my goodness," said the wolf, tearfully: "No one should go upstairs
without boots."
Is medicine your thing?
Be content with your butchery! (42)
(42) La Fonten: FAIRY TALES, p. 121-122,
— 308 —
4 9- LOKMAN
HEKIM'S LATEST ADVICE
- Oh Son!
1 . Don't
make Zinhâr private a confidant (Do not tell your secret to your spouse).
2 . Don't borrow low. (Borrowing from a
common person).
3 . Do not act
friendly with the common people. You will waste it.
4 . Do not
worship anything other than Allah Almighty.
5 . Do not deny
the prophets.
6 . Don't sleep
too much during the day. Sleep less at night.
7 . Don't hide
your piss.
8 . Don't have
too much intercourse.
9 . Don't drink
water at night. Don't drink water from your feet.
1 0. When you
have eaten until you are full, do not overeat.
Be content with little food; If you
wish, you may always be alive.
The main causes of all ills are those I
have listed.
Don't eat anything until your appetite
doesn't prevail.
Because even if your appetite remains,
keep your hands away from food.
Do not pass through the middle of a flock
of sheep.
When no one asks you for an object, do not
inform or tell.
O Son! Two people from this world
leave with longing:
— 309 —
Be someone who can eat abundantly, and be
someone who can act with knowledge.
O Son! Do not befriend or associate
with corrupt people, lest their nature be harmful to you. Don't be
complacent with the actions of others. They say that if a person enters a
tavern to pray, he drinks wine.
Because if the enemy does not find the
opportunity to become enemies, start friendship and act as friends. Be
careful what you do in friendship so as not to make a hundred enemies.
O Son! Be in the hands of the old man
and do good to the people.
If you are the duchess, even the people
will do good.
Do everything in haste and be
patient. May your wishes come true.
Do not do good or give advice to those who
do not know goodness, lest it be wasted.
Because if you give him zağferan, he will
eat it, and it doesn't matter how much hay you give him.
Whoever you eat salt and bread with, know
your rights and do not forget to pray.
Because these wills are over, he
surrendered his soul. His son mourned. A few days have
passed. There was a common man in his neighbourhood. He made friends
with you. Until you experience your ancestor's words. They became
such friends that they could no longer walk apart from each other. One
day, he borrowed four dirhams from a vile person. One day he bought a sheep. He
slaughtered the sheep. He put it in a sack and said to his slave,
"Take this and put it with your friend (let him hide it in his
house). Don't tell anyone about this sim. Then he took the sack from
him at midnight and took it home. He said to his wife:
- Oh lady! Something went wrong
tonight. I say to you, don't be so that you don't say it to
anyone. Her private parts swore not to tell anyone. Her husband said:
— 310 —
He immediately buried the sheep inside the
house. Because after four or five days, he beat your private parts and
said, I will divorce you and take even your private parts, you took away what
was in the house, you told others about what was buried in the house. His
wife left the house and left. He said to the common people: "My man
has killed a brave man for five or six days. He buried him in the
house." Because the common people heard this word. He
immediately informed the sultan that Luqman Aleyhisselam's son committed a
crime. The Sultan wanted to release a man. The common people said,
"Let me come and bring the son of Hazrat Luqman." He walked to
Luqman's house and put a rope around his neck. He delivered it to the Sultan's
door.
The creditor grabbed him by the collar and
said give him four dirhams. Now they will kill you, my property will be
lost.
The Sultan saw this from afar. He
thought that he was a murderer. The man let it go and said bring it to
me. Kill then, so that it may be an admonition to the people. Because
they took Lokman Aleyhisselam's son to the sultan... The sultan said:
- O son of Physician! Atan was a good
judge and well-behaved. Even you would claim that I am as well-behaved as
my ancestor. What kind of ignorant thing did you do?
Hakim son said:
— "What have I
done?" Sultan said:
— "Why did you kill a
man?" Son of Hazrat Luqman Hakim:
"I didn't kill anyone," he said.
Be a friend of the common people came
forward. He testified that: He killed a man.
— 311 —
Lokman Hakim's son said:
"O Melik! Send a
man and let them bring
the dead body to you."
Sultan released the men. They
arrived, took out the sack and took it to Melik. Melik had the sack
opened. A dead sheep was found inside. The people were amazed and
amazed. Sultan said: ■
- What's this? Hazrat Luqman Hakim's
son said:
— "Oh my Sultan! My ancestor made three wills to
me:
Don't take your private parts as a confidant.
Do not act friendly with the common people.
Do not borrow money from a lowly person.”
I tested these wills/ 42 '
5 0- HZ. SOME
VIRTUES OF LOKMAN HEKÎM
Lokman Aleyhisselam was given wisdom by
Almighty Allah. Hz. Luqman was the vizier of David (peace be upon
him) with his knowledge and wisdom. He loved God and God loved him.
He never forgot his fear of Allah, kept
Allah's commands, and was a constant servant in his gratitude and worship.
He thought a lot about the afterlife and
the affairs of the hereafter, thought of himself as if he were dead, and never
forgot God and death.
He said that silence was wisdom; he would
remain silent a lot of the time and only speak when necessary; He did not
talk or laugh unnecessarily.
(42) Tabari History, vol. 1 second. 381.
— 312 —
s He was well-mannered, compassionate
towards people, and gave good advice to the public.
He always told the truth and loved those
who spoke the truth. He would keep his promises and do what he said.
He believed that the most delicious thing
in the world was knowledge...
He would not grieve when his property was
destroyed: He would say, "Dampness destroys the walls and sorrow destroys
the person."
He showed a smiling face to the public,
treated his patients equally, and did not discriminate between them. He
knew his worth.
At that time, people had never heard words
more beautiful than his words.
He carefully calculated and thought about
the outcome of everything he did.
He never slept during the day; He
slept little at night.
Hz. Lokman Hekîm was very
patient. When his wife and son were on the path of disbelief, he guided
them with patience and fortitude, with his suggestions and advice.
He didn't eat much, he didn't talk much,
he didn't sleep much, he walked a lot.
He would not wake up at night and drink
water, nor would he fill his stomach very much.
Due to his perfect manners, he was never
seen spitting on the ground or blowing his nose even once.
Loqman Hekîm would protect his eyes from
evil, hold his tongue, prevent his passions, protect his private parts, prolong
his prayer, eat halal food, host his guests, treat them, respect the rights of
neighbors, and would not engage in empty and useless words and deeds.
He spoke sweetly, not rudely, harshly or
harshly. He had moderation in everything.
— 313 —
Whatever he gave advice, he would do it
himself first.
As long as he lived, he turned to Allah with
loyalty and sincerity...
For these reasons, Luqman Aleyhisselam
reached wisdom. (Surah Luqman: 31/1,34, Ibn Kathir Tafsir: 1/911, Ruhü'l
Beyan: 7/5, 76, H. Asım Koksal: History of the Prophets, 2/230-234)
— 314 —
LOKMAN DOCTOR IN PEDICINE
It is seen that poets in our country give
great place and importance to Lokman Hekim in their poems. It is
understood that if a research is done on this subject, a lot of information can
be obtained. Below we present some of the examples we collected:
Celali of Bayburt wishes a doctor for his
beloved beloved and calls out to Lokman with his most sincere feelings, saying
"you have come to the right place":
1 . They ate
three things in one episode of heedlessness,
They called me a doctor or a surgeon.
My dear friend is eye to
eye, a doctor wishes, Lokman of my trouble, you have come to the rescue.
Narmanlı Sümmânî points out that he went
to the door of the Kaaba and prayed to the Creator for a solution to his
problem, and that Loqman would not be able to find a solution to his problem
because the arrow of death hit him:
2 . I fell at
the door of the Kaaba and bleated.
I asked from the creator of the heavens
and the earth
Read the death, take it, I got it in my
blood
Lokman did not find a solution to my problem either:
Neither in the world nor in Luqman...
He wanders around the provinces of Karacaoğlan
and Bayburt. He thinks that his horny wounds will need hands like the
strings of his lover. Meanwhile, Lokman remembers Hekim and invites him:
— 315 —
3 . Karacaoğlan
says that Bayburt provinces
The winds come to us blowing
The strings of the twisted
lizard I need a hand to stretch those strings.
Not one day, not five days, but a hundred
days
A bundle of zuluf is perfect for a ruddy
cheek,
My wounds do not take
any ointment, they are raging, Lokman of my troubles, come slowly.
Sivaslı Ruhsati, with his understanding of
honor from the Islamic Religion, does not consent to Lokman touching his
Fatma. But he also thinks that the wound will take Fatma and her longing
will last forever. In order to see the telli soul again, the doctors
cannot help but call Hekim and Lokman:
4 . Lokman does
not interfere with Fatma.
I said this wound will take Fatma
I would see the stringed monster again
I said that longing will last forever.
Aşık Kerem climbs to the top of the lofty
mountain, wanders around, collapses and sits. Gets fresh air. He
drinks cold water. Still, his troubles increase from fifty to a
thousand. Thus, he invites a surgeon like Lokman Hekim to explain his
increasing problem:
5 . I collapsed and sat at the
top of the mighty mountain
My problem was fifty but I made enough for
a thousand
I took a surgeon like
Lokman Hekim. Nobody knew about my problem.
— 316 —
Pir Sultan Abdal asks the king, Lokman,
that he is suffering from a heartache and that he needs the king of physicians
who is a cure for all troubles:
6 . Come and cure my troubles.
Shah, who is a cure for
public troubles. Make a decree on your doorstep, King, who is Lokman to the
heart's soul.
Aşık Kamili from Sivas is hopeless and
hesitant about whether there will be a cure for his problem. The world has
become a prison for him. Meanwhile, the disease reminds him of death, and
it is seen that Lokman Hekim even asks for medicine from his dead body, saying
"If only Loqman were resurrected":
7 . Is there any cure for my problem?
The world is a prison to me
If the Prophet is resurrected. Luqman
Will there ever be a cure?
Coşkunî from Bayburt says that his body is
injured and that he wants a doctor, addressing his heart as follows:
8 . Come, my heart, if you love God
Make my thousand wishes come true.
The body is injured, the doctor wishes
I would say it's true, take it to Lokman.
Bursali Ahi expresses that he has
irreparable wounds in his heart and that Lokman cries along with everyone who
sees his wound that has no cure:
— 317 —
9 . The parts
of my heart are incurable
Things wicks and cures cry
Oh my lord, there is no solution to this.
Watching my Zahm, Lokman cried.
Aşık Hicranî explains that there is no
hypocrisy in his words, that Lokman Hekim is at the top of the doctors in
medical science, that far from being forgotten, his fame is increasing day by
day, and that his fame today is better than yesterday:
1 0. Etıbba-ı
ilmin Lokman comparison
This weak word of mine has no hypocrisy
The light of the truth is seen on the face
Your fame today is better than yesterday.
* * *
1 1. Not every
doctor can find a cure for his problem.
Bring Lokman, who makes flowers sing.
Not every surgeon can open and bandage my wound. So bring Ca'fer-i Tayyar.
* * *
72. The mystery of the Shah comes
from wisdom, proof through narration
Hazrat Luqman said: If you wish, your body
will be healthy.
Drink my spice, laxative, so that you
won't see the disease until you see it
This sherbet purifies the body's property
from emraz... w
Sivaslı Ahmet Sûzî (1765-1830) first begs
and prays to his Lord, and then asks Lokman for the solution to his problem:
( 1) İlhan
Yardimci: Lokman Hekim in Health Folklore, p. 45-52,
— 318 —
1 3. Divine! I'm
in trouble, I came for a cure.
I came to Lokman asking for continuation.
Ahmed Mürşidi Efendi from Diyarbakır
(1698-1760) declared that the dream of Muhammad (peace be upon him) was
engraved in his heart, that he admired his beauty, that his body and soul
burned with the fire of the love of the Messenger of Allah, and said, "Reach
for the cure, my Lokman, Muhammad", just like his love. He combined Luqman
with Muhammad as an adjective:
1 4. Your dream
is engraved in my heart.
Your beauty became my spectator, Muhammed.
The fire of love burns the soul with the
object
Reach your cure, my Lokman, Muhammed.
Sivaslı Feryadî (d. 1904) explains that he
was a merchant of the burden of sorrow, and that although he searched for
Lokman, he could not find a cure for his troubles or was stuck between the
burden of sorrow and Lokman:
1 5. Again, I became a merchant with the burden of
sorrow. I couldn't find Lokman, I was stuck in the middle.
Yunus Emre (second half of the 13th
century and the beginning of the 14th century) states that God gave him a
heart, that sometimes he was happy, sometimes sad, that he cried, and sometimes
he was absorbed in wisdom and became Calinus and Luqman:
— 319 —
16. He gave me a true heart, he admires
me without hesitation .
One moment he comes and finds happiness,
the next moment he comes and finds himself.
He doesn't know
anything, he stays in ignorance for a while, he dives into wisdom, he becomes
Calinus u Luqman.
Sunullah Gaybî (17th century) explains in
a somewhat harsh and angry way that just as a person who looks at appearances
and does not understand the inner truth of the matter cannot know his canan
(true friend), it is not possible for a hypocrite who has no problems to know
Luqman:
1 7. Why should
an ascetic who has no life know about his life?
Why should the hypocrite, who is a fool,
know about Luqman?
Egyptian Muhammad Niyazi (d. 1693)
expresses succinctly that he knew his wound from his own wound and came to
Luqman for treatment:
1 8. I knew my
wound, it was from my lover
In this, I came to Niyazi and Lokman.
Aşık Ali Ahî (17th century) points out
that he was afflicted with the wound of love, that therefore the cure medicine
was hidden among the troubles, and that the knowledge and wisdom that can cure
these problems can be taken from Lokman Hekim:
1 9. Work hard
to get out of this vortex
The cure is hidden among the troubles
Can I be an ointment for the wound of
love?
I received this Um u wisdom from Luqman.
— 320 —
Hoca Ahmed Fakîh (13th century) was caught
in a trouble for which no cure could be found. He comes to Bukrat and
Lokman, gets examined, gives medicine and he uses it. When the medicine
they gave him did not cure him, he cried out, "They couldn't find any
medicine..."
2 0. This is a
disease for which there is no cure.
They couldn't find medicine, Bukrat u
Lokman.
Said Emre (late 13th century - early 14th
century), was among those who contracted the death disease. Because he
investigates those who go to the afterlife and continues to ask questions such
as "where are they?":
2 1. Blood of
Hüsrev, Blood of Şirin and Ferhad?
'Be the blood of Calinus Hakim u
Luqman?' 2 '
In the Tafsir of Rûh'ül Beyan, the rank of
Luqman is mentioned as follows:
2 2. Until you
find the rank of Lokman,
The fire of majesty can never hurt the
soul.
Can has become a moth like a lover,
If he wants to burn, he comes to the
candle
Osman Hayri Mürşid Efendi pointed out the
attributes of Allah Almighty, Hakim and Halim. He explains that Luqman is
a diver who extracts a pure ore from the ocean of knowledge and wisdom:
( 2) Compiled
from Muzaffer Reşid: Homeland Poets Anthology.
( 3) Ruh'ül
Beyan: 7/82,
—321 —
2 3. O Wise and
Halîmike, velem and eternal, perfect in knowledge and wisdom, the precious gem
of wisdom, full of beauty, you have made many a Lokman, gavvâs.™
In the Cevahir Commentary, it is stated as
follows, indicating the height of Lokman's wisdom:
2 4. The
wisdom of the bite has increased to this level: His mercy has reached the
wisdom of the Almighty Lord. Everything that is hidden has been revealed
to you, and anyone who commits treachery has become disgraced.™
My teacher, the late Mustafa Karabeyoğlu,
explains that the Quran is the word of God, that it shines inside and out, and
that the medicine of Luqman can be good for the problem of ignorance, and says:
2 5. Our
Quran is the word of Truth, it polishes the outer essence.
He is both Luqman and medicine for the troubles of ignorance.
Poet Kuddûsî also advises his heart to be
patient. He has a firm belief that he can find a cure for his problem and
is waiting for Lokman's future:
2 6. With
patience, the heart will surely find a cure for its troubles. You tell the
patient that Luqman will surely come.™
( 4) Health
Treasury, p. 102
( 5) Cevahir
Commentary: 1/138,
( 6) Kırkbir
Cim, p. 2,
( 7) Kuddusi
Divanı, p. 13,
— 322 —
One of our esteemed doctors,
Prof. Dr. Süheyl Ünver, in the "Lokman in Sufism and
Literature" section of his work titled Lokman Hekim, says: "In our
country, the name Lokman is frequently mentioned in the mystical folklore world
and in the divan literature of the intellectuals..." and gives the
following examples:
2 7. I fell into a trouble
without a solution, alas, Lokman was unaware of it.
(I contracted an incurable disease,
unfortunately even Lokman is unaware of it.)
.
Luqmans do not cure morbid love.
(Doctors, especially Lokman, cannot find a
cure for love trouble.)
What should Lokman, the helpless poor man,
do?
(What can Luqman do to the person who has
the death disease?)
Lokman, who puts the paste in the stone of
death to save life
Your life has melted away, but death did
not find a cure.
(Luqman tried to make medicine for life in
the world,
He exhausted his life, but could not find
a solution in time...)
4" and 5*4
This is how Sheikh Lokman wrote about
healing:
Their beautiful lips are the cure for
every problem.
* * #
— 323 —
From the words of the ancestors
- Even Lokman is helpless in a desperate
situation.
- What should Lokman do in a desperate
situation?
- If there was a cure for death, Lokman
Hekim would find it...
Again, Süheyh Ünver, in the same work, in
the topic "Lokman on Gravestones" says: "The name Lokman is
frequently mentioned in verse phrases on gravestones in many cemeteries in
Turkey and especially in Istanbul" and gives the following examples:
2 8. I
studied many doctors and found no cure for my problem.
I did not feel the need to pray for Lokman
before the end of time.
(Nice doktorlarla ölüme çare aradım, buna
bir ilâç bulamadım.
I drank the sherbet of death and left no
need for Luqman.)
ij sjc
I drank the sherbet of death, there is no
need for Lokman anymore.
$$$
What would you do if Lokman
came? Filled death cup (cup).
* * *
The end of time has reached the dream of
this rosebud
If Lokman were a doctor, there would be no
cure for his problem.
(The wind of death has reached the scent
of this flower that is about to bloom. Even if Lokman Hekim comes, there will
be no cure for his problem.)
— 324 —
Imam Ghazali (1058-1111 Mîlâdî) also gives
an example from a tombstone:
"On the tombstone of a doctor it is written:
Lokman also passed to his grave,
When they told me, I said:
Where is his position in medicine and his
knowledge (mastery) in this field?
"He who cannot save himself from
death, how can he save anyone else?"
(Ihyâ: 4/870)
Hazrat Luqman said with a loud voice:
Tegannî with wisdom is a cure for the disease of love.
longing father
(Hazrat Luqman said loudly:
Reading with wisdom is the cure for love problems.)' 8 '
Come to Aşki, it is the cure for all your problems.
If you don't have love, if Lokman comes, it's just a desire.
Mahmud Öncü-1976
My troubles are heaps, my sorrows are
heaping,
Lokman is not alive either, I don't even
care.
It was an apparent creature, it was love,
Bâtını nafsa-i hikmette idi,
He was trying to cure every trouble,
Lokman , the Emrah of time, is gone.™
( 8) Nezih
Uzel Turkish Music in Syria Article, 15.8.1989 Zaman Gaz.
( 9) Assoc. Dr. Zeki
Başar: Medical and Mystical Folklore Research in Erzurum, p. 198, 250,
Sevin Printing House, Ankara-1972.
— 325 —
Hz. LOKMAN HEKİM'S VITALITY AND VALUE CONTINUES
Hz. Lokman Hekim's beautiful name
"LOKMAN", given to him by Almighty Allah, is still alive among the
people today, as it was yesterday, and maintains its vitality and
value. Now I offer some examples of this:
1 . Lokman b. from
the Companions of Kiram. There was Bashir and he narrated hadiths from our
Prophet (peace be upon him). (Ihyâ: 4/870)
2 . There is Lokman
İbn-i Hüseyin El-Aşûrî el-Hüseynî, one of the Ottoman Turkish writers, and he
wrote the work called "Kıyafet-ü İnsaniyye fî şemâil-i
Osmaniyye". (Müncid, p. 461)
3 . Among the Iranian
poets, there is also the one named Lokman. (Ş. Sami: Kamusul A'lâm:
5/3995)
4 . Lokman Hekim has
become the symbolic name of folk medicine:
It is seen that this name is also given to
the leading people who set a good example for the people with their lifestyle,
encourage them to art and education, establish charity societies, encourage
unity and solidarity, and open schools:
Like the title of Lokman Hekim given to
Doctor Hafız Cemal Bey...
This doctor introduced himself to the
people of Istanbul in a short time and brought peace to the majority of his
patients with the original methods he used in treatment and the medicines he
gave. For this reason, he began to be referred to as Lokman Hekim. He
later chose this title as his surname. (Turkish Culture: 4/412)
— 326 —
5 . In
addition to the publications about Lokman Hekim, it is also seen that there are
publications under the name Lokman:
— Lokman Health Publications,
— Like Lokman Post...
Selected from Lokman Postası
"APPLICATIONS" column:
- The man is known from his friends; Lokman
is also from his name.
— Torture: Ended with Luqman drugs...
— Lightning: It is the speed of action of
Luqman drugs; (Lokman Postası, Issue: 79, p. 4, December-1974)
- I pray from Mevla that:
May Lokman Hekim's advice reach your
hearts with lightning speed.
ON LOKMAN HEKİK
Pharmacist and folklore researcher Müjgan
Üçer participated in the 1st International Turkish Folk Literature Seminar held
in Eskişehir in 1983 with her paper titled "On Lokman Hekim in Our Folk
Literature". Here we present the sections we consider important from
this declaration:
In East Turkestan, things are said about
Lokman Hekim:
Where is the thousand-living Luqman?
Cheaters of death
Why rely on the world
It didn't help him.
— 327 —
Cemil Cahit Güzelbey, in one of his
studies on folklore in the Gaziantep region, Dr. He says the following
about A. Ekrem Battal:
Once upon a time you offered a car to the
most hopeless patient
Now the doctors are helpless. Is there anyone who insisted on the
"Irciî" (return) order before the doctors give you life?
The Luqmans passed away without giving any relief from the world.
In one of our songs, Lokman appears as
follows:
What happened to Qarun's property?
Where did Genghis lose his glory?
You know, what happened to Lokman?
The world is a lie.
A piece of wisdom from Lokman Hekim, taken
from Naime Mergam in Sivas:
Lokman Hekim said: "I have lived for
a very long time, but I could not understand two things: One is that hot water
does not resurrect the dead,
The other is that those who go to bed and
wake up between afternoon and evening are not mad..."
Dr. from Gaziantep, who worked as a
pediatrician in Sivas until 1982. M. Kâzım Erkent collected the good
wishes and wishes that the people of the Sivas region directed to him on
various occasions and made a compilation as follows:
— 328 —
May your home be a home of healing
Let your earnings go to waste
May your hand be from
Ibn Sina, may your medicine be from Lokman Hekim, may honesty be your guide,
may your household be filled with abundance.
(Müjgan Üçer: On Lokman Hekim, Gümüş Basımevi, İstanbul-1984 Beyazıt State
Ktb. No: 272956)
Lokman Hekim also entered folk songs:
Your eyebrows are black, they write a decree
Your love will take me
around the world. If Doctor Lokman comes, it will aggravate my wound. Let him
come to heal my wound.
If the streams of the
army flow up and down. If only colleagues would look at Lokman a little.
Lokman Hekim is also mentioned in the
hymns read:
Doctors say I have a mind.
\ What good is it if you
know like Lokman Hekim? If these tongues don't say it with your last breath.
What good is it if you have a tongue like a nightingale?
(Mehmet Cengiz: Sadâ Magazine, p. 204)
— 329 —
NA'TI SHERIFF HZ. LOKMAN ALÂ NEBİYYİNA
AND ALEYHI'S SALÂT-Ü VESSELAM
1 . He
said to Hazrat Luqman, follow his wisdom.
The Quran is accustomed
to its remedy.
2 . Whichever
person is in disagreement as to whether he is a prophet?
It is never said that he
is not from the Kibârri Evliyâ.
3 . Here
is one of them, who is this pure and honorable person?
If you are from some of
the noble Enbiyâ,
4 . As the caliphate, he had taken
into account the moment of the proposal, and he had made the Raja of
well-being, and he had given the wisdom of Mevla.
5 . Prophethood
has become, istihrâc has become obedient again.
Some of the scholars of
the world do spelling
6 . Slavery
is narrated by some
Nebi says that these
words are essential.
7 . The grave of the contemporary
Prophet David and many Prophets and the Blessed One is located in the vicinity
of Ramle.
8 . We asked for it, and the Master
immediately commanded us to obey the language and heart of the sheep's body.
— 330 —
9 . Edip
then tamlûb the sheep's frail member
Again, when you gave your heart and
tongue, the istinba happened.
10. He said, if these are evil, there is
no evil, if they are evil, they will be evil .
>
1 1. How many
times have you done good things like this?
Inshallah there will be some of them
through tevarih.
1 2. Sentence
to the day of the martyrdom to the Prophets and the believers
May peace be upon you, God bless you,
Mevla
1 3. May the
All-Wise Lord bless you with healing and perfect happiness.
May the remedy for forgiveness be upon
those who command destruction.
(Ahmed İlhamiyyis Sa'dî-seyyid Mustafa
Niyazî: Şerh-i Esmâ-i Enbiyâ'nin Evliya'nın Parable, p. 53, Şeyh Vefa Mat. İslâmol-1284
Hijri)
1 . Allah gave
wisdom to Hazrat Luqman. The glorious Quran tells about his wise advice.
2 . No
matter what person is disputed about whether he is a prophet or not, it can
never be said that he is not one of the great saints.
3 . One
of them is this honorable person. Some scholars reported that he was from
Anbiya.
4 . He
was offered the caliphate, and he apologized to him. When he asked for
forgiveness, God gave him wisdom.
5 . Some
scholars write, "Prophethood was offered to Luqman and he apologized
again."
— 331 —
6 . Some scholars
also narrated that he had a slave and ignorant nature. If Luqman is Nabi,
these words have no basis or basis.
7 . He is a
contemporary of Prophet David and many Prophets. Blessed tomb is near
Ramle.
8 . When his master
said to him, "Slaughter a sheep and bring me its two most beautiful
limbs." Lokman immediately brought his tongue and heart and gave them
to him.
9 . When he said,
"Slaughter a sheep and bring me its two worst parts," Lokman brought
his tongue and heart again. When asked why:
1 0. He replied,
"When they are good, there is nothing better than these two. When they are
bad, there is nothing worse than these two."
1 1. He gave many
similar advices and history wrote some of them.
1 2. May countless
prayers be made for the great Judgment Day, for all the prophets and the
faithful Muslims, as the Almighty is pleased.
1 3. May the Almighty
God bless him with his healing. May He cleanse him from all sinful
diseases.
— 332 —
1 . Holy Quran, Religious
Affairs. Chairman Arrow. Ankara-1973.
2 . Tecrîd-i
Sarih Translation, Diyanet. Chairman Arrow. Ankara-1971.
3 . Sahîh-i
Müslim and its Translation: Mehmet Sofuoğlu, İst. 1967.
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Davudoğlu, Sönmez Neşriyatı, İst. 1967.
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Ali How, Third Edition, Egypt-1961. (
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Ulûm'id-dîn: Imam Ghazali, Egypt 1358 H.
7 . Kimyay-ı
Saadet: İmam Gazali, Tan Matbaası, İst. 1969.
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Kulûb: i. Gazali, Fatih Yay. Istanbul 1969.
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Veled: i. Gazali, Badr Yay. 6th Edition,.St. 1970.
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All-Wise Qur'an and Its Meaning: HB Çantay, Ahmet Said Mat İst 1975.
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1 2. Taberi's
Tafsîr: İbn-i Cerîn'it Taberî, Mısır Meymeniyye Mat. 1306.
1 3. History of Tabari: ibn-i
Jarir'it Tabari, Cairo -1357.
1 4. Ruh'ul
Maani Tafsiri: Al-Alusi, Lebanon-Beirut 1267.
1 5. Ibn
Kesir Commentary: El-Kuraşî, Fatih Library, Manuscript No: 54,
1 6. Mevakib Interpretation: İsmail
Ferruh, Âmire Mat. Egypt -1282 AH
1 7. Hâzin
Tafsîri: El-Baghdâdî, Egypt Meymeniyye Mat 1306.
1 8. Mefatih'ül
Ghayb Tafsîri: Fahr'üd-din Razî, Âmire Mat. 1324.
1 9. Ebû's-Suûd
Tefsîri: Şeyh'ül İslâm Ebû's Suûd Efendi, on the side of Mefatih'ül Gayb
Tefsîri.
2 0. Nisaburi
Tafsiri: Al-Nisaburi, Tabari Tafsiri side.
2 1. Celaleyn
Interpretation: El-Mahalli, Amire Mat. Egypt -1326 AH
2 2. Kitab-ü
Mecmûat'ü mine't-Tefasîr, Lade Mat. Lebanon-Beirut.
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1960.
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Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı, 1st Edition, Ist 1973-1974.
2 9. Mevlana and His Masnavi: Tahir
Büyükkörükçü, 2nd Edition, Istanbul, Undated.
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of Müzekk: El-İznikî, Arslan Yay. Ist. 1971,
3 1. Arâis'ül
Mecalis: Kısas'ul Enbiyâ (Stories of Enbiya), Cairo-1971.
3 2. Mecalis-i
Sinaniyye: Şeyh Ümmi Sinan, Osmaniye Mat İst 1307 H.
3 3. Kırkbir
Cim; Mustafa Karabey, Ankara Printing and Binding house -1949.
3 4. Lokman
Hekim: Ahmet Cemil Akıncı, Ahmet Said Mat. Ist. 1973.
3 5. Lokman's
Advice and Wisdom to His Son: Mehmet Öten, Konya -1977.
3 6. Lokman Hekim: Prof. Süheyl
Ünver, Fatih Mat İst. 1972.
3 7. Lokman
Hekim in Our Health Folklore: ilhan Yardimci, Tan Mat. Ist. 1969.
3 8. Health
Treasure: Osman Hayrî Mürşid Efendi, Bahar Yay. Yaylacık
Mat. Ist. 1971
3 9. Bostan
and Gülistan: Ş. S. Şirâzî, Meral Yay. wisdom
Mat. Ist. 1975.
— 333 —
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Kebîr: Karahisarlı Mustafa b. Şemseddin, Hacı Hüseyin
Mat. Ist. 1309.
4 2. Kuddusi
Court: Mash'arizade Ahmet Kuddusi, Mahmut Bey Mat. 1325.
4 3. Objections
to Islam and Answers from the Holy Quran: S. Ateş, Emel
Mat. Ank. 1971.
4 4. Fusus'ul
Hikem: Muhiddin-i Arabi, Maarif Basımevi, Ist. 1956
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AH
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Muammer: Süleymaniye Library, Bağdatlı Vehbi No: 1120.
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A'lâm: Şemseddîn Sami, Six volumes.
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Müfehres: Mehmet Fuad Abdülbâkî, Dâr'ul Kütüb'il Mısriyye-1358 H.
4 9. Esbab'ün
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And others...
— 334 —
CONTENTS
Luqman (as) in the Holy Quran ........................ ......................... 5
Hz. Luqman (as) ..............................................
............. 20
The Prophet whose name and story are mentioned in the
Quran .............................. 22
The place of Surah Luqman in the Quran ............................................. 22
Is Lokman Hekim a prophet or a
saint? ................................... 25
Are there twenty-five prophets mentioned in the
Quran? ............ 27
Profession of Luqman (as) ...............................................
............ 29
The true identity of Lokman
Hekim ............................................... 31
Who is Lokman
Hekim? ........................................................
....... 37
Did Luqman (as) prefer wisdom to prophecy? ............. 44
Hz. Was Lokman Hekim a
slave? ......................................... 46
The period in which Luqman (as)
lived .............................................. ..... 50
The hometown of Luqman (as) ...............................................
.......... 51
Death of Luqman (as) ...............................................
............. 52
The age of Luqman (as) ...............................................
............. 52
The lineage of Luqman
(as) ...............................................
........................ 58
Advice of Hazrat Luqman
(as) .............................................. ...... 68
How can the advices of Hazrat Luqman (as) be divided
into? ......................... 69
Hz. An explanation of Lokman Hekim's wisdom and
advice .. 70
Hz. Lokman Hekim's advice to his son in the Holy Quran .. 75
— 335 —
Hz. Lokman Hekim in the Holy Quran
Advice to other people who have been
informed .............................. ..81
Luqman Hekim in Hadith 85
Hz. Luqman's advice and wisdom to his
son .................. 115
Hz. Lokman's advice to his
son ................................... 130
Hz. Lokman Hekim's advice to his
son ........................ 136
From various works of Lokman Hekim
compiled words of
wisdom ............................................. 142
Advice given by Lokman Hekim to his
son .................. 160
Hz. Lokman Hekim's first and last
advice .............. 173
Pendnâme and Its Precedent Lokman
Hekim ............................. 175
Pendname-i Lokman Hekim Verse
translation ......... 179
To Lokman Hekim's son
Verse translation of his
advice .................................. 190
Stories from Lokman
Hekim ............................................. 233
Some Arabic
proverbs ............................................... ....... 256
Wisdom of Luqman
(as) ............................................... .263 _
Who is today's
Lokman? ........................................ 298
Lokman Hekim's latest recommendations ................................... 309
Some virtues of Lokman
Hekim ................................... 312
Lokman Hekim in
Literature ............................................ 315
Lokman Hekim's vitality and
its value continues ...............................................
.... 326
On Lokman
Hekim ............................................... ..327 _
Nat-ı
Şerif ..................................................
........................ 330
— 336 —
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